• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1200-1206
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• 2015

신약 개발의 주요 표적이 되는 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)은 대부분의 생리적 활동에 관여하며 다양한 질병과 질환들에 관련되어 있다. GPCR을 타겟으로 하는 의약개발 연구에서 필수적인 실험방법으로 많이 활용되고 있는 세포기반 스크리닝 기술들은 사용되는 세포의 상태에 따라 데이터의 질이 좌우되는데 최근, 실험에 사용할 세포를 매번 배양하면서 소모되는 비용과 데이터의 변동을 줄이기 위해 냉동보관 세포를 적용하는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 단일 세포를 많은 양으로 배양하고 냉동 보관한 다음 사용되는 세포의 반응을 최적화하기 위하여 칼슘 검출을 위한 광 단백질이 포함된 세포주에 calcium sensing receptor와 urotensin II receptor가 안정적으로 발현되는 안정화 세포를 제작하고 $-80^{\circ}C$에서 보관한 다음 7 일 간격으로 실험했을 때 효능제와 길항제 반응을 비교하였다. 실험결과 보관기간이 증가함에 따라 세포 신호 값이 감소하였지만 $EC_{50}$와 $IC_{50}$ 값의 변화는 나타나지 않았다($EC_{50}:3.46{\pm}1.36mM$, $IC_{50}:0.49{\pm}0.15{\mu}M$). 그러나 액체질소에서 보관한 세포의 경우에서는 비냉동 세포와 비교하여 세포 신호 값이 감소했지만 보존기간에 따른 변화가 나타나지 않았으며 기간에 따른 $IC_{50}:0.49{\pm}0.15{\mu}M$와 $IC_{50}$의 변화도 없었다. 보관기간이 경과 될수록 세포의 신호 값이 감소하는 것은 세포 손상도 증가가 원인인 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 결과들로부터 장기간 냉동 보관을 위해서는 액체질소를 이용하는 것이 가장 효과적이고 한 달 이내 단기간 사용의 목적으로는 $-80^{\circ}C$ 보관조건도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같이 냉동세포의 적극적인 활용을 통하여 초기 스크리닝 과정에서 나타나는 실험 유동성을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2021

다층 구조물의 경우 1층이 연약한 경우 지진 시 1층에 변형이 집중되어 기둥 부재에 심각한 손상이 발생하거나 파괴되어 구조물이 붕괴하는 사례가 발생하게 된다. 국내의 경우 포항지진 당시 필로티 구조물의 손상사례를 예로 들 수 있다. 2016년 국립재난 안전연구원의 "국내 비내진 건축물의 내진보강공법 조사 및 소요비용 분석 연구"에 따르면 민간 철근콘크리트조 건축물 중 주택의 내진화 비율은 38.3 %고, 그 중 2층 구조물 7.1 %에서 6층 96.3 % 그 외 99.4 %로 2~5층 구조물의 경우 내진비율이 50 %이하로 저조한 것으로 보고하였다. 이에 정부는 지원사업을 통해서 내진화율을 개선코자 하고있으나, 종래의 보강법은 여전히 시공비용이 고가이고 긴급시공이 어려운 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2014년 국토교통부의 연구사업을 통해서 개발된 저렴하고 긴급시공이 가능한 벨크로를 사용한 내진보강법의 성능을 개선하고자 벨크로와 콘크리트 기둥 사이에 고발포의 경질 우레탄 내부 충진을 통해서 벨크로의 초기긴장력을 도입하고, 이를 통해서 콘크리트 구속효과에 따른 벨크로의 연성보강성능 개선을 목표로 이를 평가하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 시험체의 최대 연성도를 통한 평가에서 벨크로 내진 보강재의 최대 연성도 증진 효과를 재확인할 수 있었다. 에너지 소산 능력을 통한 평가에서는 VELCRO1 대비 VELCRO2 눈에 띄는 개선을 보인 반면, VELCRO1와 VELCRO2 시험체의 최대 연성도는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결과적으로 충진재가 사용된 VELCRO2 시험체에서 에너지 소산 능력은 크게 증진되었으나, 최대 연성도 평가에서 최대변위(∆_max)의 증가가 크지 않은 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 내부 충진재 재료의 개선과 균일한 충진재 시공을 개선의 필요성이 확인되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2019

히트펌프와 냉온수 배관을 이용한 촉성재배 '설향' 딸기의 관부와 근권부에 대한 국소 냉난방 시험과 정식 전 딸기묘의 단근처리 시험을 수행하였다. 정식(2017년 8월 31일) 후 주간의 관부 표면온도는 국소냉방구가 $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$로 화아분화에 적합한 온도를 유지한 반면 무처리구와 근권부 냉방구는 화아분화 한계온도인 $25^{\circ}C$를 상회한 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 나타났다. 정식 후 30일 경과 시의 생육조사 결과 국소냉방처리 간의 생육차이는 없었으며 단근처리묘에서 초장과 엽병장이 상대적으로 작았으나 전체적으로 지상부의 생육저하는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 국소냉방 및 단근처리에 대한 화방출뢰율을 조사한 결과 정화방 출뢰율은 구입묘를 제외하고 단근처리묘와 비단근처리묘에서 모두 관부 국소냉방구, 근권부 국소냉방구, 대조구의 순서로 높게 나타났으며, 대조구, 근권부 국소난방구, 관부 국소난방구 모두에서 단근처리묘가 비단근처리묘에 비해 높게 나타났다. 정화방 출뢰율은 관부 국소난방구 단근처리묘가 가장 높았으며 가장 낮은 무처리 비단근처리묘 보다 시기별 최대 3.8배 높게 나타났다. 1차 액화방의 출뢰율은 처리구 간 차이가 정화방에 비해 크지 않으나 정화방과 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 2018년 3월 27일까지의 상품과 수확량은 구입묘를 제외하고 관부 국소난방구, 근권부 국소난방구, 대조구의 순서로 나타났으며, 단근처리묘가 비단근처리묘보다 수확량이 높았다. 이러한 경향은 2018년 2월 14일까지의 정화방 중심의 초기수확량에서 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 2018년 3월 9일부터 국소냉방과 단근처리의 영향은 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 난방시험의 경우 근권부 국소난방구(근권 $20^{\circ}C$+공간 $5^{\circ}C$)와 관부 국소난방구(관부 $20^{\circ}C$+공간 $5^{\circ}C$)는 대조구(공간 $9^{\circ}C$) 대비 각각 59%와 65%의 난방유 절감이 가능하였으며, 히트펌프 가동에 의한 전기소비를 반영하였을 때 난방비는 각각 55%와 61%가 절감되는 것으로 분석되었다. 히트펌프와 배관을 이용한 촉성재배 '설향' 딸기의 관부 국소냉난방은 초기수확량 증가와 난방에너지절감 효과를 확인할 수 있었으나 화아분화 촉진에 의한 화방출뢰의 조진화는 정식시기, 환경조건, 초기생육이 미치는 영향이 크므로 이와 관련한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2022

구리는 우수한 특성, 특히 높은 전도성과 낮은 저항으로 인해 전기/전자 제조 산업에 널리 사용되는 비철금속 중 하나이다. 이러한 산업의 표면 처리 공정에서는 구리 함량이 높은 폐수가 발생하며, 직간접적으로 수계로 배출된다. 이는 심각한 환경 오염을 일으키고 또한 귀중한 유용금속의 손실을 초래한다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여, 효율적이고 저렴하며 친환경적인 흡착제를 찾기 위한 목적으로 흡착 분야에서 전 세계적으로 지속적인 연구개발이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 점을 고려하여, 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 폐수로부터 구리 흡착을 위한 바이오 흡착제로서 식물뿌리(Datura 뿌리 분말)의 성능을 합성 흡착제(Tulsion T-42)와 비교하였다. 실험은 흡착제 투여량, 접촉시간, pH, 주입액 농도 등의 변수들을 최적화하기 위하여 회분식으로 수행되었다. 초기구리농도가 100 ppm이고 pH가 4인 주입액에서, 0.2 g Datura 뿌리 분말을 15분간 접촉하였을 때 구리 흡착율은 95%이었으며, 0.1 g Tulsion T-42은 30분간 접촉에서 95%의 흡착율을 나타내었다. 두 흡착제의 흡착 데이터는 Freundlich 등온선과 잘 일치하였으며, 유사 2차 속도식을 따르는 것을 나타내었다. 전체 결과는 본 연구의 바이오 흡착제가 표면처리 공정의 폐액 또는 폐수로부터 금속 회수에 적용될 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2022

최근 구조물 기초가 풍화암상에 위치하는 경우가 증가하는 추세로 풍화암상 기초의 적정 설계 지지력을 평가하고자 국내 지반조사서상 제안된 풍화암 기초 허용 지지력을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 몇몇 현장에 제안된 풍화암 허용 지지력은 약 400~700kN/m² 수준으로 그 편차가 큰 편이며 보수적인 값으로 판단되었다. 지반의 기초 허용 지지력은 설계 초기 기초 형식 결정에 중요한 지표로, 그 결정에 따라 공사비 및 공기에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 적정한 풍화암 지반의 허용지지력을 평가하고자 풍화암 지반에 대하여 총 6회의 대형 평판재하시험을 실시하고 지지력 및 침하 특성을 분석하였다. 시험 결과 지지력은 모두 1,500kN/m²이상으로 평가되었으며 기존 지지력 공식과 비교하였을 때 공내재하시험에 의한 지지력 평가식이 본 시험결과와 유사함을 확인하였다. 또한 대형 평판재하시험의 하중-침하 거동 역산에 의한 지반의 탄성계수는 공내재하시험의 탄성계수(E) 값 적용이 적절하다고 평가되었다. 본 연구에서의 대형 평판재하시험 결과 및 국내 타 현장에서의 평판재하시험 사례 등을 종합하여 볼 때 풍화암 허용 지지력은 1,000kN/m² 이상으로 평가된다. 그러나 기초 침하량은 기초 크기 증가에 따라 비례하므로 구조물 허용 침하량 기준에 따라 허용 지지력은 제한되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수치해석적 방법으로 기초 크기 및 풍화암 두께에 따른 기초 예상 침하량을 평가하였으며, 풍화암 지반상 기초 허용지지력이 1,000kN/m² 이상일 수 있는 기초 크기 및 지반 조건을 표로 제안하였다. 이는 기초 설계 초기 기초 형식 결정에 유용하다고 사료된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.85-103
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• 2023

점토와 같은 세립질 또는 유기물을 다량으로 함유하거나 다져진 지층을 대상으로 지중(in-situ) 정화를 진행하는 경우, 정화효율이 떨어져 정화비용이 증가하는 등의 한계가 발생한다. 또한, 토양조건이 양호하더라도 균일하지 않은 토질특성과 낮은 투수특성으로 인해 장기간에 걸쳐 정화를 수행하여 완료되는 것이 일반적이다. 본 연구는 기존 지중정화의 한계를 개선하기 위한 방법으로 공압파쇄, 진공추출, 플라즈마 블라스팅을 접목한 기술(PPV공법)의 정화효과 확인과 현장 적용성을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 상대적인 비교를 위하여 본 연구에 적용된 기술을 실험군으로 하고 기존 공법인 화학적산화공법을 대조군으로 하여 TPH로 오염된 토양에서80일에 걸쳐 각각 지중정화를 수행하였으며, 총 4차에 걸쳐 모니터링 시료를 채취하여 정화효과를 비교 평가하였다. 모니터링 결과, 대조군은 정화제 전달효과가 불량하여 오염도의 감소 경향성을 보이지 않는 반면 실험군(PPV공법) 적용에서는 정화시간이 경과함에 따라 뚜렷한 오염도 저감효과가 나타난다. 주입정으로부터 거리별 TPH 최고농도 저감율을 평가하면, 대조군은 경향성이 없으나 PPV공법은 주입정 반경 1 m 이내에서는 62.6%, 1.1~2.0 m에서 90.1%, 2.1~3.0 m에서 92.1%의 정화효과를 보인다. 주입정으로부터 거리별 TPH 평균농도 저감율을 평가하면, 대조군은 실질적인 정화효과가 없으나 PPV공법은 주입정 반경 1 m 이내에서는 53.6%, 1.1~2.0 m에서 82.4%, 2.1~3.0 m에서 68.7%의 정화효과가 확인되었다. TPH 최대 및 평균 오염농도의 변화를 토대로 실험군과 대조군의 정화효율을 평가한 결과, PPV공법은 대조군 대비 149.0~184.8%의 정화효과가 상승하는 것으로 평가할 수 있으며 평균 정화효과 상승률은 약167%이다. 시간경과에 대한 TPH 농도를 분석을 통해 상관관계식을 도출하고 이를 활용하여 최초 농도 대비 80% 저감기간을 평가한 결과 PPV공법을 적용하는 경우 화학적산화공법 적용시보다 184.4%의 정화시간 단축이 가능할 것으로 평가되었다. 다만, 단일 부지에 대한 평가 결과이기 때문에 모든 지층에 동일하게 적용될 수 없으므로 향후 이에 대한 추가적인 연구를 수행하여 그 효과를 보다 면밀히 검토할 필요가 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 국내 한 토양관련전문기관에서 실시한 석유류저장시설에 대한 법정누출검사와 자체정밀조사에서 실제 특정토양오염관리대상시설로부터 오염물질이 누출되는 기준으로는 25.7%, 저장탱크의 결함 등으로 부적합 경우를 포함하면 53.6%가 부적합으로 나타나 환경부의 누출검사 통계의 평균 부적합률 3.1%와는 현저한 차이가 있으며, 누출검사를 실시하는 동기와 점검방식 등에 따른 부적합률이 매우 다르게 나타났다. 또한, 제작 당시에 발생된 결함이 남아 누출의 잠재적 요인이 되고 있는 탱크가 약 20%에 이르고 있으며, 시설의 사용년수 경과에 따른 조사에서는 설치 후 10년 이하 시설의 부적합률이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과들을 토대로 도출한 특정토양오염관리대상시설에 대한 최적의 사후관리방안은 다음과 같다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 한 법정누출검사의 이상적인 부적합률은 직접법의 경우 53.6%, 간접법의 경우 30.7%로서 현재의 부적합률과는 많은 차이가 있으며 이는 누출이 되더라도 이를 감지하는 확률이 떨어지는 간접법과, 누출이 없더라도 결함 등으로 부적합으로 판정되는 직접법 등 검사방식에서 비롯된 원천적 차이와, 검사자의 부정 또는 부실검사 등 운용상의 문제로부터 야기되는 결과로 판단되며, 이를 개선하기 위해서는 현재 누출의 감지율이 극히 낮은 가압법 등의 검사방식은 전문적인 실험을 통해 실제 누출을 감지할 수 있는 수준의 시험기준을 마련하는 한편, 토양관련전문기관 및 이에 소속된 검사자에 대한 교육과 검사결과에 대한 사후검증을 통해 부실 부정검사가 이루어지지 않도록 해야 한다. 설치경과년수 10년 이하의 시설이 업소단위의 부적합률, 저장탱크 및 배관계통의 시설단위 부적합률에서 공히 상대적으로 높은데 이는 부실 시공 등으로 인한 문제가 초기에 집중적으로 발생하는 결과로 보이며, 이와 같은 문제를 해소하기 위해서는 신규 시설에 대한 관리제도를 개선하는 한편, 특정토양오염관리대상시설을 설치한 후 10년이 경과하였을 때에는 6개월 이내 누출검사를 받도록 한 현재의 토양환경보전법 시행령 제8조제1항제2호의 규정은 설치 후 5년이 경과한 시점으로 변경하는 방안을 고려해야 한다. 시설을 설치한 후 10년 이상 경과하면 업소단위의 부적합률은 년평균 약 1.4%씩, 시설로부터 누출 발생률은 약 0.25% 씩 증가하고 있는데, 누출검사의 주기는 새로이 발생되는 누출로 인한 환경적 피해와 복구비용, 누출검사에 따른 직접적인 경제적 비용, 행정규제에 따른 국가차원의 득실을 고려하여 결정하는 것이 타당하나 누출검사와 정화에 따른 직접적인 비용만을 비교하여 결정하는 것도 하나의 방안이 될 수 있다. 예를들어, 누출검사 비용을 업소당 150만원, 오염된 업소의 토양정화비용을 1억원으로 하면 경제성 관점에서의 바람직한 점검주기는 약 6년이 된다. 그러나, 업소에 설치된 저장탱크와 배관계통의 품질은 거의 동등하여 하나의 탱크나 배관에서 문제가 발생되면 나머지 시설에서도 순차적으로 유사한 문제가 발생되고, 시설이 내구연한에 도래할수록 그 경향이 뚜렷해지므로, 일련의 시설계통에서 누출이 발생된 경우에는 검사주기를 점차 단축하여 적용하는 것을 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서 검사방식에 따른 점검결과를 보면, 업소단위의 부적합률에서는 58.9%와 22.5%, 저장탱크에 대한 검사에서 23.1%와 1.6%, 주입배관의 경우 4.1%와 0.5%, 주유 배관의 경우 5.5%와 4.1% 등 직접법으로 점검한 경우가 간접법에 비해 현저히 높아, 간접법으로만 점검을 지속하는 경우 그 차이만큼 누출을 방치하는 결과가 초래되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 문제를 해소하기 위해서는, 일정 주기마다 반드시 직접법으로 점검을 실시토록 하거나 직접법과 간접법을 교차하여 적용토록 개선할 필요가 있다. 비파괴검사에서 부적합 된 저장탱크를 결함의 유형별 분류한 결과 기공 또는 미용접 등 제작하는 과정에서 발생되는 선천적 결함으로 부적합 된 것이 약 20%에 이르고 있는데, 이는 시설의 노후화로 인한 두께미달과 국부부식 등의 후천적 결함에 의한 불합격률 보다 높은 것이다. 이와 같은 선천적 결함은 당해 저장탱크를 제작할 당시의 기술수준과 점검제도 등에서 기인한 것으로 이를 해소하기 위해서는 차기의 누출검사를 반드시 직접법으로 실시하여 원천적 결함을 보수하도록 하고, 현재의 위험물안전관리법에 의한 탱크 성능시험기준을 개정하여 새로이 설치되는 저장탱크는 모두 비파괴시험을 실시하여 제작과정에서 발생된 결함이 제거되도록 하여야 한다. 검사를 실시하게 된 동기를 자체정밀조사와 법정누출검사로 분류하여 평가한 결과, 자체정밀조사에서의 부적합률이 법정누출검사에서의 부적합률에 비해 현저히 높게 나타났는데, 검사결과 부적합 되는 경우 수반되는 2차적인 부담을 회피하려는 심리가 크게 작용하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 즉, 법정누출검사에서 부적합 되는 경우 행정관서로부터 받게 되는 시설에 대한 보완 및 재검사, 토양정밀조사 및 오염토양 정화 등 일련의 조치를 회피하기 위하여 검사를 취소하거나 즉시 보수를 행하여 재검사를 받도록 함으로서 검사결과가 왜곡되고 있다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 법정누출검사 결과 부적합된 시설에 대한 시정명령을 시설 보완과 재검사로 한정하여 특정토양오염관리대상시설의 소유자가 사실적으로 점검할 수 있도록 하고, 시설로부터 저장물질의 누출에 의한 부지의 오염은 소유주가 상황을 고려하여 자발적으로 사후조치를 하게 하거나 차기토양오염도 검사를 통해 오염여부를 확인하도록 부담을 완화 할 필요가 있다. 특정토양오염관리대상시설은 설치시기가 오래된 것 일수록 높은 부적합률을 나타내고 있다. 철판의 부식속도를 시설의 설치경과년수에 따른 평균최소두께의 추이에서 확인된 $0.1mm\;yr^{-i}$을 적용할 경우, 6 mm의 철판을 사용한 탱크는 위험물안전관리법상 탱크의 최소두께 (3.2 mm)에 이르기까지 이론상 내구연한은 28년으로서, 2012년 기준 내구연한을 초과한 시설이 7.3%에 이르고 있으며, 동시기에 설치된 주유배관 (표준두께 3.7 mm)의 경우 이론상의 잔존두께는 0.9 mm에 불과하다는 결론이다. 이와 같이 한계수명에 다다른 시설이나 이론상 내구연한을 초과한 시설에 대하여는 조속히 국가적 차원의 조사를 통해 그 실태를 파악하고 그 결과에 따라 폐쇄 또는 Upgrade 방안을 강구해야 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.