• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1327-1338
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• 2013

The humanized anti-hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) monoclonal antibody (mAb) YYB-101 is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating various cancers. In this study, we developed a bioprocess for large-scale production of YYB-101 and evaluated its therapeutic potential for tumor treatment using a xenograft mouse model. By screening diverse chemically defined basal media formulations and by assessing the effects of various feed supplements and feeding schedules on cell growth and antibody production, we established an optimal medium and feeding method to produce 757 mg/l of YYB-101 in flask cultures, representing a 7.5-fold increase in titer compared with that obtained under non-optimized conditions. The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for antibody production was 70% $pO_2$. A pH shift from 7.2 to 7.0, rather than controlled pH of either 7.0 or 7.2, resulted in productivity improvement in 5 L and 200 L bioreactors, yielding 737 and 830 mg/ml of YYB-101, respectively. The YYB-101 mAb highly purified by affinity chromatography using a Protein A column and two-step ion exchange chromatography effectively neutralized HGF in a cell-based assay and showed potent tumor suppression activity in a mouse xenograft model established with human glioblastoma cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1996

Evaluation of plant extracts that might inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication was performed to find potent anti-HBV agents. Eighty-five species of plants from forty-three families were tested for their anti-HBV activities using HBV-producing HepG2-derived 2.2.15 cells. The anti-HBV activity of plant extracts was measured by slot blot hybridization technique and cytotoxicity was determined by crystal violet staining procedure. All plants were extracted with methanol and the extracts were partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous layer. The ethyl acetate fractions of Rhus verniciflua $(stem:\;EC_{50},\;8.2{\mu}g/ml;\;CC_{50},\;9.4{\mu}g/ml)$, Gastrodia elata $(root:\;EC_{50},\;17.7{\mu}g/ml;\;CC_{50},\;>20{\mu}g/ml)$, Raphanus sativus $(seeds:\;EC_{50},\;17.3{\mu}g/ml;\;CC_{50},\;>20{\mu}g/ml)$, and Angelica gigas $(root:\;EC_{50},\;8.3{\mu}g/ml;\;CC_{50},\;15.6{\mu}g/ml)$ revealed the anti-HBV activity in 2.2.15 cell culture system and these fractions are under the process of further sequential fractionation by column chromatography to find the active principles against HBV.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the cosmetic application of Acer mono sap through an ultra-high pressure process. Exposing Acer mono sap to a ultra-high pressure process resulted in 90.1% cell viability of human normal fibroblast cells (CCD-986sk) when added at the highest concentration. Acer mono sap also showed the hightest free radical scavenging activity after the ultra high pressure process. The melanogenesis inhibition rate in cloned M-3 cells was 59.0%. Tyrosinase was inhibited at a rate of 87.2% by adding 100% HPAMS. Anti-wrinkle activity was 78.1%. Acer mono sap showed enhanced storage following the ultra high pressure process. These results indicate that Acer mono sap may be a source for functional cosmetic agents capable of improving antioxidant, whitening, and antiwrinkling effects.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.126-134
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• 2024

Biogas, composed mainly of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), is a renewable gas that can serve as an alternative energy source. In this study, we developed a new microwave reformer and analyzed its reforming characteristics. We observed that higher temperatures of the microwave receptor led to increased reforming efficiency. By supplying appropriate amounts of methane and steam, we could prevent carbon generated from the thermal decomposition reaction of carbon dioxide from depositing on the catalytic active layer, thus avoiding the inhibition of catalytic activity. Hydrogen generation was enhanced when maintaining the biogas ratio and steam supply at adequate levels. Increasing the SiC ratio in the receptor improved the uniformity of temperature distribution and growth rate, resulting in higher conversion rates of the reforming process.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2009

Thermodynamic measurements were performed to show the possibility of recovering $CO_2$ from fuel gas (the mixture of $CO_2$ and $H_2$) by forming gas hydrates with water where water was dispersed in the pores of silica gel particles having nominal 100 nm of pore diameter. The hydrate-phase equilibria for the ternary $CO_2+H_2$+water in pores were measured and $CO_2$ concentrations in vapor and hydrate phase were determined under the hydrate-vapor two phase region at constant 274.15 K. It was shown that the inhibition effect appeared due to silica gel pores, and the corresponding equilibrium dissociation pressures became higher than those of bulk water hydrates at a specific temperature. In addition, direct measurement of $CO_2$ content in the hydrate phase showed that the retrieved gas from the dissociation of hydrate contained more than 95 mol% of $CO_2$ when 42 mol% of $CO_2$ and balanced Hz mixture was applied. Compared with data obtained in case of bulk water hydrates, which showed just 83 mol% of $CO_2$ where 2-stage hydrate slurry reactor was intended to utilize this property, the hydrate formation in porous silica gel has enhanced the feasibility of $CO_2$ separation process. Hydrate formation as not for slurry but solid particle makes it possible to used fixed bed reactor, and can be a merit of well-understood technologies in the industrial field.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Livestock manure is a significant source for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and a huge amount of GHG emission is generated during its storage. In the present work, lowering temperature was attempted to mitigate methane ($CH_4$) emission from cattle manure (CM) with high solid content. CM was stored for 60 d at $15-35^{\circ}C$ ($5^{\circ}C$ interval). $CH_4$ emission reached $63.6{\pm}3.6kg\;CO_2\;eq./ton\;CM$ at $35^{\circ}C$, which was reduced to $51.6{\pm}1.8$, $24.1{\pm}4.4$, $14.9{\pm}0.5$, and $3.7{\pm}0.1kg\;CO_2\;eq./ton\;CM$ at 30, 25, 20, and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively. After storage, 30% of COD reduction was observed in the CM stored at $35^{\circ}C$, while the COD removal decreased to only 6% at $15^{\circ}C$. It was found that only 3-11% of COD removal was done by anaerobic process, while the rest of COD removal was done by aerobic biological process. Methanobrevibacter and Methanolobus were found to be the dominant species in the CM, and the dominance of Methanolobus psychrophilus increased at lower storage temperature. Specific methanogenic activity test results showed that the inhibition by low temperature was temporal.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

Calumenin, a multiple EF-hand $Ca^{2+}$ binding protein is located in the SR of mammalian heart, but the functional role of the protein in the heart is unknown. In the present study, an adenovirus gene transfer system was employed for neonatal rat heart to examine the effects of calumenin over-expression (Calu-OE) on $Ca^{2+}$ transients. Calu-OE (8 folds) did not alter the expression levels of DHPR, RyR2, NCX, SERCA2, CSQ and PLN. However, Calu-OE affected several parameters of $Ca^{2+}$ transients. Among them, prolongation of time to 50% baseline ($T_{50}$) was the most outstanding change in electrically-evoked $Ca^{2+}$ transients. The higher $T_{50}$ was due to an inhibition of SERCA2-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ uptake into SR, as tested by oxalate-supported $Ca^{2+}$ uptake. Furthermore, co-IP study showed a direct interaction between calumenin and SERCA2. Taken together, calumenin in the cardiac SR may play an important role in the regulation of $Ca^{2+}$ uptake during the EC coupling process.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2006

The NaCl contents of food waste composts made by various techniques known up to now were under the level of 1% by fresh weight basis. But these techniques has some problem that is environment pollution from treated water and high equipment cost. The application to agricultural land of food waste compost that is not sufficiently removed NaCl was considered to be improper due to salt accumulation in soils and plant growth inhibition by salt stress. The purpose of this study is to decompose NaCl in food waste compost using triple salt and this method is differ from existing chemical method. Also, reaction of NaCl with triple salt produced KCl that is basic material of potassium fertilizer. Moreover Also, there was temperature rise of average $5^{\circ}C$ as result that apply triple salt in food waste 600 ton in food wast composting productive capacity. Obvious odious smell reduction effect appeared pretreatment process and fermentation process with temperature rise and this is because triple salt activation of aerobe and removes odious smell cause material by salt content decrease effectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 2014

Clitocybin A is a novel anti-wrinkle cosmetic agent produced by the strain from a Korean native mushroom Clitocybe aurantiaca. In this study, fermentation, extraction, and purification conditions for a large scale production of clitocybin A were optimized, and its cytotoxicity and inhibition activity on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) were characterized. The mass production of anti-wrinkle agent was achieved according to the 300 L fermentation process with a fed-batch cultivation using the modified yeast-maltose (YM) broth, and a total of 12.5 kg of cell mass was obtained in a 120 L culture broth for 14 days. After extraction and purification, clitocybin A was identified by HPLC. The cytotoxicity of clitocybin A was examined by the MTT assay. When assayed at 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations, clitocybin A showed no cytotoxicity, demonstrating safety. The inhibition activity of clitocybin A on the expression of MMP-1 was examined against UV irradiation. Oleanolic acid (control group) showed a relatively low MMP-1 inhibiting activity (ca. 16.7%) at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ and showed increased cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. In contrast, clitocybin A showed no cytotoxicity at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and exhibited a relatively high MMP-1-inhibiting activity (33.1%). These findings indicate that clitocybin A may be a safe and effective anti-wrinkle agent for use in functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.640-646
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• 2006

The present investigation was carried out particularly to optimize the extraction process of Poncirus trifoliata and Prunus mume to develop a functional foodstuff having antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The extracts were prepared from the fruits under various conditions, and then optimum extraction conditions were decided in case maximal antibacterial activity was obtained. In extraction process by using hot water, the best antibacterial activity of Poncirus trifoliata was achieved at $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, while that of Prunus mume was achieved at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, as showing 14.8 and 16.6 mm of inhibition diameter, respectively. The extraction process with addition of NaOH increased the activity of Prunus mume, but addition of $K_2CO_3$ and $NaHCO_3$ drastically decreased the activity. In the processes at high temperature up to $120^{\circ}C$ by using pressure extractor and with various concentrations of NaOH, the maximum activity was observed in the extract of Prunus mume at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min with 0.05 N NaOH. The fermented ethanol extract of the fruits showed less activity than those of the extracts with water and NaOH solution.