• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권3호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2023

Bronchiectasis, which is characterized by irreversibly damaged and dilated bronchi, causes significant symptoms, poor quality of life, and increased economic burden and mortality rates. Despite its increasing prevalence and clinical significance, bronchiectasis was previously regarded as an orphan disease, and ideal treatment of this disease has been poorly understood. The European Respiratory Society and British Thoracic Society have recently published guidelines to assist physicians in the clinical field. Guidelines and reports suggest comprehensive management that includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment. Physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation are two of the most important non-pharmacologic therapies in bronchiectasis patients; long-term inhaled antibiotics and macrolide therapy have gained significant evidence in reducing exacerbation risk in frequent exacerbators. In this review, we summarize recent updates on bronchiectasis treatment to prevent exacerbation and manage clinical deterioration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.424-428
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• 1994

Many organic and nonorganic agents can cause chemical pneumonitis. Chemical pneumonitis induced by inhalation of acetic acid is a rare clinical condition. As acetic acid is a water soluble agent, it causes chemical irritation to respiratory tract and causes variable symptoms. We experienced a case of acute lung injury due to inhalation of acetic acid fume. A 56-year-old male patient was admitted due to dyspnea with vomiting for one day. After he inhaled acetic acid fume in occupational situation, he had chest tightness, chilling sense, and productive cough. Our case was good response to oxygen inhalation, antibiotics, and systemic steroids.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

From January 2012 up until March 2013, many articles with huge clinical importance in asthma were published based on large numbered clinical trials or meta-analysis. The main subjects of these studies were the new therapeutic plan based on the asthma phenotype or efficacy along with the safety issues regarding the current treatment guidelines. For efficacy and safety issues, inhaled corticosteroid tapering strategy or continued long-acting beta agonists use was the major concern. As new therapeutic trials, monoclonal antibodies or macrolide antibiotics based on inflammatory phenotypes have been under investigation, with promising preliminary results. There were other issues on the disease susceptibility or genetic background of asthma, particularly for the "severe asthma" phenotype. In the era of genome and pharmacogenetics, there have been extensive studies to identify susceptible candidate genes based on the results of genome wide association studies (GWAS). However, for severe asthma, which is where most of the mortality or medical costs develop, it is very unclear. Moreover, there have been some efforts to find important genetic information in order to predict the possible disease progression, but with few significant results up until now. In conclusion, there are new on-going aspects in the phenotypic classification of asthma and therapeutic strategy according to the phenotypic variations. With more pharmacogenomic information and clear identification of the "severe asthma" group even before disease progression from GWAS data, more adequate and individualized therapeutic strategy could be realized in the future.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2014

목적: 영유아기 두 번 이상 반복된 모세기관지염, 즉 과반응 기관지염(RAD)을 보인 환아의 임상양상, 치료와 5년 후 자연경과를 조사하고자 연구를 계획하였다. 방법: 2007년 1월부터 12월까지 연구병원 소아청소년과에 모세기관지염으로 2회 이상 입원한 영유아를 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였고, 추가로 5년 후 2013년 현재의 의학적 상태를 보호자와 전화면담을 시행하여 문의하였다. 결과: 2007년 1년간 총 63명의 영유아들이 2회 이상 모세기관지염으로 입원하였다. 연구대상의 평균연령은 8.1개월이었고, 이들 중 남아는 44명(69.8%)이었다. 입원 중 흡입 스테로이드 치료를 받은 환아는 62명(98.4%), 기관지확장제 치료 53명(84.1%) 항생제 치료 40명(63.5%)이었다. 대상 환아 63명 중 45명과 전화면담이 가능하였고, 이들 중, 2013년 현재 38명(84.4%)은 더 이상 호흡장애가 없었고, 5명(11.1%)은 알레르기 비염, 2명(4.4%)은 천식으로 치료 중이었다. 결론: 영유아기 반복적인 쌕쌕거림을 보였던 RAD 환아들의 대부분은, 호흡기가 성숙된 5년 후에는 더 이상 호흡장애를 보이지 않았다. 모세기관지염에 대한 국내 치료지침이 제안되어야 할 것이고 RAD의 자연경과에 대한 좀더 체계적인 연구가 필요하다.