• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 1993

Vibrio septicemia,, resulting in high mortality, has been caused by Vibrio vulnificus. Ingestion of marine products or contact with sea water contaminated with Vibrio vulnificus can cause septicemia. Vibrio vulnificus has been detected world wide and west sea area of Korea, Kum river estuary in particular, showed high detection rate. Higher detection rate of Vibrio vulnificus were reported in the bottom deposit with low depth of water, low salinity, and high COD. Man with the liver disease can easily come down with Vibrio septicemia and the main source is the sliced raw fish dish. The preventive measure for this disease is to wash raw fish material thoroughly with tap water and handle in sanitary conditions. Washing with sea water is strictly prohibited . It may be necessary to forbid the small-scale businessmen from selling the sliced ray fish dish in the vicinity of seashore. Man with the liver disease of diabetes should not swim or consume the raw fish dish in the contaminated area during summer.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2010

Feeding is an important aspect of insect nutrition which in turn supports growth, development, reproduction and survival. The impact of quantitative feeding on nutritional parameters of fifth instar Antheraea mylitta larvae was studied by providing fresh leaves of Terminalia tomentosa for 1 to 4 times a day. All the parameters improved upon providing fresh diets more times over the single diet (1FD). The absolute body weight increased with increase in number of feeds/day significantly (P<0.001). While the maximum weight recorded was 29.61 g in 1FD, the respective weights for two feeds/day (2FD), three feeds/day (3FD) and four feeds/day (4FD) were 39.41 g, 40.63 g and 42.66 g respectively. Feeding period and instar duration were declined (P<0.001) and survival increased significantly (P<0.001) upon increase in the number of diets. Nutritional indices like ingestion, digestion, relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR) and gain in body weight increased significantly with the increase in number of feeds/day, but approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) declined, while efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1969

Liver functions in diffuse parenchymal liver disease such as cirrhosis of the liver depend largely on the effective hepatic blood flow rather than on the individual cell functions. Clinical methods of measuring the hepatic blood flow were developed recently by the application of colloidal disappearance rate. In order to correlate the radiogold disappearance rate to conventional biochemical liver function tests, 21 normal subjects and 80 cases of cirrhosis of the liver were studied with both methods. The results are summarized as following: 1. The validity of external counting method to measure the blood disappearance rate of colloidal radiogold was confirmed by in vitro counting of the serial blood samples. 2. The blood disappearance rate of collidal radiogold was essentially the same. as the liver uptake rate of colloidal radiogold in normal and cirrhotic subjects with various degrees of functional disturbance. And it seemed there was no serious extrahepatic removal of the colloidal radiogold. 3. The disappearance rate of colloidal radiogold was not significantly changed by the posture change, but was enhanced by ingestion of 500 ml of water. 4. The disappearance rate of colloidal radiogold was not influenced by single dose of Telepaque, while BSP retention was increased after Telepaque. 5. The mean disappearance half time of colloidal radiogold in normal subjects was $2.49{\pm}0.391$(S.D.) minutes. The mean normal disappearance rate constant (K value) was $0.285{\pm}0.0428$(S.D.)/minute. 6. The colloidal radiogold disappearance half time was abnormally prolonged (over 3.2 min.) in $87.7{\pm}3.68$(S.D.) % of cirrhotic subjects. 7. In patients of liver cirrhosis the blood disappearance rate of colloidal radiogold correlated well to serum albumin and globulin levels and BSP retention which were considered to reflect functions of hepatic parenchymal cells. There was, however, no correlation between colloidal disappearance rate and thymol turbidity test, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and serm alkaline phosphatase activities. The latters were considered to be associated with the activity of liver disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2014

Risk assessment considers the situations and characteristics of the exposure environment and host. Various physiological variables of the human body reflects the characteristics of the population that can directly influence risk exposure. Therefore, identification of exposure factors based on the Korean population is required for appropriate risk assessment. It is expected that a handbook about general exposure factors will be used by professionals in many fields as well as the risk assessors of the health department. The process of developing the exposure factors handbook for the Korean population will be introduced in this article, with a specific focus on the general exposure factors including life expectancy, body weight, surface area, inhalation rates, amount of water intake, and soil ingestion targeting the Korean population. The researchers used national databases including the Life Table and the 2005 Time Use Survey from the National Statistical Office. The anthropometric study of size in Korea used the resources provided by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. In addition, direct measurement and questionnaire surveys of representative samples were performed to calculate the inhalation rate, drinking water intake, and soil ingestion.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2003

Purpose: According as the accessibility about drugs becomes various, the occurrence of drug intoxication is increasing. Since report that doxylamine causes rhabdomyolysis often, drug-induced rhabdomyolysis is one of the most important complications in patients with drug intoxication. Acute renal failure (ARF)'s availability is important to the management in rhabdomyolysis, but report about rhabdomyolysis or ARF occurrence for whole intoxicated drugs is lacking up to now. Methods: This research did to 61 patient who had rhabdomyolysis of drug intoxication. First, object patients were divided into two gruops: doxylamine-ingested (Group I) vs non-doxylamine ingested (Group II). And then we analyzed on the early patient's clinical events and laboratory data. We used ROC curve to recognize'the early clinical factors that could forecast ARF appearance among these patients in addition. Results: Almost rhabdomyolysis was happened by doxylamine in drug intoxication ($55.7\%$). However, as compared to group II, group I showed better clinical course, lesser ARF occurrence and hemodialysis requirement. In group II, time was longer in hospital reaching from intoxication, the ARF occurrence rate was higher ($52.6\%$). Analyzing the ROC curve to useful initial factors, they were creatinine, uric acid and interval time from ingestion to hospital. These cut-off values were 1.44 mg/dL, 6.8 mg/dL and 5 hrs. Sensitivity for ARF estimate was $100\%$, specificity $69-98\%$. Conclusion: Compared to group II, Doxylamine-ingested group showed good clinical course. Creatinine, uric acid, interval time from ingestion to hospital aided in ARF estimate in drug-induced rhabdomyolysis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Incidents of suicide attempt and acute poisoning in the elderly population is rising. This study investigated the clinical nature of acute poisoning and differences between the survival and mortality groups in the elderly. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 325 patients with acute poisoning who visited the emergency department. Patients were divided into two groups, one survival and one death group. Information regarding patient sex, age, root cause of poisoning, time of year of poisoning, type of intoxicant, duration of time between intoxicant ingestion and arrival at the emergency department, total length of hospital stay, and any previous suicide attempts and subsequent hospitalization were collected. An initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and an initial and final Poison Severity Score (PSS) for each patient was calculated. Results: The survival rate for men was higher than for women in this study. The most common reason of drug intoxication was suicide, with accidental ingestion and substance abuse occurring in descending frequency. Seasonal factors were reflected in the data with the highest number of incidents occurring in spring and the lowest number in winter. Compared with the mortality group, the survival group had a lower initial PSS with a higher GCS. Conclusion: We conclude that being female, having suicide as a root cause, agrochemicals as an intoxicant, low initial Glasgow Coma Scale and high initial Poisoning Severity Score, are all associated with poor prognosis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.122-125
• /
• 2005

Paraquat, is a widely used for its great effect as a herbicide. But the mortality rate by paraquat intoxication is known to be very high. It is thought to act by changing form to superoxide and peroxide free radical. Almost paraquat intoxication is through ingestion. A few intoxication of paraquat is through skin absorption. But there was no known death case through skin absorption. We experienced a case of a expired patient by paraquat intoxication through skin abrasion and scratching wound. A 75-year-old man was visited emergency room after motorcycle accident during transporting paraquat. He has multiple abrasion and scratching wound on extremities, and pelvic bone fracture. There was no evidence of ingestion of paraquat. But serum/urine gramoxone level was all positive. In spite of wound irrigation and hemoperfusion, his condition was been gone form bed to worse. 2 days after, multiple organ failure and the respiratory arrest were developed and he was expired. Paraquat intoxication through skin wound is extremely dangerous and death by that could possibly happen

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.130-133
• /
• 2008

In South Korea, attempted suicide by paraquat (PQ) intoxication is fairly common, and is lethal by pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxemia. However, the treatment of PQ poisoning is primarily supportive management. To increase the survival rate associated with PQ intoxication, many treatments have been developed. Here, we treated a case of PQ intoxication with steroid pulse therapy. A 23-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of PQ intoxication. He drank two mouthfuls of Gramoxon (24% commercial paraquat). His vital signs were stable, but he had a throat infection, and navy blue urine in the sodium dithionite test. Standard treatment, including gastric lavage with activated charcoal was performed, and emergent hemoperfusion with a charcoal filter was initiated 11 h after PQ ingestion. Pharmacotherapy was initiated 18 h after PQ ingestion with the administration of 5 mg dexamethasone. On day 10, chest PA showed pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we initiated steroid pulse therapy, with 1g methylprednisolone in 100 mL of D5W administered over 1 h repeated daily for 3 days, and 1 g cyclophosphamide in 100 mL of D5W administered over 1 h daily for 2 days. On day 15, dexamethasone therapy was initiated. On day 30, pulmonary fibrosis was improved. Thus, if pulmonary fibrosis becomes exacerbated after dexamethasone therapy during the subacute stage, pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide could be helpful.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.210-218
• /
• 2021

Recently, pest-resistant living modified (LM) crops developed using RNA interference (RNAi) technology have been imported into South Korea. However, the potential adverse effects of unintentionally released RNAi-based LM crops on non-target species have not yet been reported. Coccinella septempunctata, which feeds on aphids, is an important natural enemy insect which can be exposed to the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced by RNAi-based LM plants. To assess the risk of ingestion of Snf7 dsRNA by C. septempunctata, we first identified the species through morphological analysis of collected insects. A method for species identification at the gene level was developed using a specific C. septempunctata 12S rRNA. Furthermore, an experimental model was devised to assess the risk of Snf7 dsRNA ingestion in C. septempunctata. Snf7 dsRNA was mass-purified using an effective dsRNA synthesis method and its presence in C. septempunctata was confirmed after treatment with purified Snf7 dsRNA. Finally, the survival rate, development time, and dry weight of Snf7 dsRNA-treated C. septempunctata were compared with those of GFP and vATPase A dsRNA control treatments, and no risk was found. This study illustrates an effective Snf7 dsRNA synthesis method, as well as a high-concentration domestic insect risk assessment method which uses dsRNA to assess the risk of unintentional released of LM organisms against non-target species.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2014

The prevalence rate of plant poisoning is growing up gradually. However, it could be difficult to get proper treatment without detail medical history taking due to the diversity of poisonous plants and their various symptoms. Scopolia Japonica, which grows naturally in Korea, is reported to cause severe toxicity which could be lethal. A few therapeutic measures have been reported in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), but it has not been reported yet that those measures have been successfully proven in the clinical practice in modern times. This is a case report of toxicity caused by scopolia japonica ingestion. A 65years-old male patient with cognitive impairment, behavioral disorder, gait difficulty, dysarthria, dysphagia and abnormal pupil reflex recovered from those symptoms during taking Gamigamdu-tang and getting acupuncture. This study shows the clinical aspects of Scopolia Japonica toxicity and the possibility of TKM treatments as one of plant poisoning treatments.