• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2018

Background: In terms of the Level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (Level 3 PSA), ingestion of food that had been exposed to radioactive materials is important to assess the intermediate- and long-term radiological dose. Because the ingestion dose is considerably dependent upon the agricultural and dietary characteristics of each country, the reliability of the assessment results may become diminished if the characteristics of a foreign country are considered. Thus, this study intends to evaluate and analyze the ingestion dose of Korean during a severe accident by completely considering the available agricultural and dietary characteristics in Korea. Materials and Methods: This study uses COMIDA2, which is a program based on dynamic food chain model. It sets the parameters that are appropriate to Korean characteristics so that we can evaluate the inherent ingestion dose of Korean. The results were analyzed by considering the accident date and food category with regard to the $^{137}Cs$. Results and Discussion: The dose and contribution of the food category depicted distinctive differences based on the accident date. Particularly, the ingestion dose during the first and second years depicted a considerable difference by the accident date. However, after the third year, the effect of foliar absorption was negligible and exhibited a similar tendency along with the order of root uptake rate based on the food category. Conclusion: In this study, the agricultural and dietary characteristics of Korea were analyzed and evaluated the ingestion dose of Korean during a severe accident using COMIDA2. By considering the inherent characteristics of Korean, it can be determined that the results of this study will significantly contribute to the reliability of the Level 3 PSA.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

Background: A model to assess the activity concentration of agricultural products and the public ingestion dose as result of a nuclear accident is necessarily required to manage the contaminated agricultural systems by the accident, or to estimate the effects of chronic exposure due to food ingestion at a Level 3 PSA. Materials and Methods: A dynamic compartment model, which is composed of three sub-modules, namely, an agricultural plant contamination assessment model, an animal product contamination assessment model, and an ingestion dose assessment model has been developed based on Korean farming characteristics such as the growth characteristics of rice and stockbreeding. Results and Discussion: The application study showed that the present model can predict well the characteristics of the activity concentration for agricultural products and ingestion dose depending on the deposition date. Conclusion: The present model is very useful to predict the radioactivity concentration of agricultural foodstuffs and public ingestion dose as consequence of a nuclear accident. Consequently, it is expected to be used effectively as a module for the ingestion dose calculation of the Korean agricultural contamination management system as well as the Level 3 PSA code, which is currently being developed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

Background: Management of an agricultural food product system following a nuclear accident is indispensable for reducing radiation exposure due to ingestion of contaminated food. The present study analyzes the effect of agricultural countermeasures on ingestion dose following a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Agricultural countermeasures suitable for domestic farming environments were selected by referring to the countermeasures applied after the Fukushima accident in Japan. The avertable ingestion doses that could be obtained by implementing the selected countermeasures were calculated using the Korean Agricultural Countermeasure Analysis Program (K-ACAP) to investigate the efficiency of each countermeasure. Results and Discussion: Of the selected countermeasures, the management of crops was effective when radionuclide deposition occurred during the growing season of plants. Treatment by soil additive and topsoil removal was effective when deposition occurred during the nongrowing season of plants. The disposal of milk was not effective owing to the small contribution of milk to the overall ingestion dose. Clean feeding of livestock was effective when deposition occurred during the growing season of fodder plants such as pasture and rice-straw. Finally, the effect of food restriction increased with the soil deposition density of radionuclide. The practical effect of countermeasures was very small when the avertable ingestion dose was absolutely low. Conclusion: The agricultural countermeasures selected to reduce the radionuclide ingestion dose after a nuclear accident must be made appropriate by considering the accident situation, such as the soil deposition density of the radionuclide and the deposition date in relation to farming cycles.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.209-221
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• 1994

원자력발전소의 중대 사고시 대기로 방출된 방사성물질에 의해 피폭자가 사고후 일생동안 받게 될 전신 피폭선량과 핵종의 상대적 중요도를 방출점으로부터 거리에 따라 각 피폭경로에 대해 평가하였다. 방사능운과 지표에 침적된 방사성물질에 의한 외부피폭, 호흡과 오염된 음식물섭취에 의한 내부피폭이 피폭경로로 고려되었다. 오염된 음식물섭취에 의한 영향은 우리나라 환경을 고려하여 개발된 동적 삽식경로모델 KORFOOD을 사용하여 침적시점과 침적후 시간에 따른 음식물내 방사성물질의 농도 변화를 고려하였다. 방출점으로부터 80km까지 피폭선량을 평가한 결과, 오염된 음식물섭취에 의한 영향이 가장 높았다. 핵종별 기여도는 방사능운에 의한 외부피폭과 호흡에 의한 내부피폭의 경우 I, 침적된 방사성물질에 의한 외부피폭의 경우 Cs에 의한 영향이 가장 높았다. 오염된 음식물섭취에 의한 내부피폭의 경우 Cs은 여름철 침적, Sr은 겨울철 침적에 보다 중요한 영향을 미쳤다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004년도 학술논문집
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• pp.361-367
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• 2004

원전 주변 주민들의 $^3H$ 및 $^14C$ 섭취선량을 평가하는데 필요한 농작물중 $^3H$ 와 $^14C$농도를 계산하기 위하여 국내 4개 원전 주변 10개 지역에서 채취한 채소 및 과일류의 수분, 수소 및 탄소함량을 분석하였다. 조사 대상 농작물은 2001~2002년 보건복지부 국민건강ㆍ영양 조사결과에 근거하여 결정하였고, 그것들의 섭취량 백분율을 식품가중치로 취하여 그룹 대푯값을 산출하였다. 원전 주변 농작물 시료들의 수분, 수소 및 탄소함량을 분석한 결과, 곡류는 현재 원전의 주민피폭선량 평가코드인 K-DOSE60에 적용중인 값과 유사하게 나타났다. 무 등의 근채류는 현행 ODCM의 채소류보다 3.5배정도 높은 수소함량을 보였고, 엽채류 및 과일류의 수분, 수소 및 탄소함량이 현행 ODCM과 비교하여 약 0.7~1.3배정도의 값을 보였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1992

논-쌀-사람 경로에서 동적모델을 이용하여 Cs-137과 Sr-90의 거동을 분석하고 쌀 섭취에 의한 내부피폭 선량을 계산하였다. 토양 흡착력이 큰 Cs-137이 더 오랫동안 논 토양에 잔류하였다. 벼 성장기간 중에 침적이 있을 때는 엽면침적경로에 의한 오염이 지배적이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1998

Recently, bathes have been suspected to an Important source of indoor exposure to volatile organic compounds(VOCs). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate chloroform exposure and corresponding body burden by exposure routes while bathing. Another experiment was conducted to ekamine the chloro- form dose during dermal exposure and the chloroform decay In breath after dermal exposure. The chioroform dose was determined based on exhaled breath analysis. The ekamine breath concentration measured after normal baths (2.8 Vg/$m^3$) was approxidmately 13 tomes higher that measured prior to normal bathes (0.2 ug/$m^3$). Based on the means of the normalized post exposure chloroform breath concentration. the dermal exposure was estimated to contribute to 74% of total chloroform body burden while bathing. The Internal dose from bathing (Inhalation plus dermal) was comparable to the dose ostimated Srom dally water Ingestion. The rusk associated 10 a weekly, 30-min bath was estimated to be 1 x 10.5, while the rusk firom dally Ingestion of tap water was to be $0.5{\times}0^{-5} for 0.151 and 6.5{\times}10^{-5}$ for 2. 0 1. Chloroform breath concentration Increased gradually during the 60 minute dermal exposure. The breath decay after the dermal exposure showed two-phase mechanism, with early raped decay and the second slow decay. The mathematical model was developed to describe the relationship between water and air chloroform concentrations, with $R^2$ : 0.4 and p<0.02.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1998년도 추계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.333-333
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• 1998

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.476-484
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• 2005

본 논문은 PWR 발전소에서 환경으로 방출된 기체 형태의 $C^{14}$에 의해 발전소 주변 주민이 받을 수 있는 선량을 비교적 정확하게 평가하기 위한 것으로 국내의 선량평가 프로그램에서는 축산물 섭취선량을 평가하기 위해 동물성 전이계수를 적용하고 있지만 전적으로 해외의 자료를 적용하고 있고, 동물의 체적에 따른 영향을 반영하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동물성 전이계수 관련 자료 및 개발 방법론에 대한 분석을 수행함과 동시에 $C^{14}$ 피폭선량을 평가하였고, 그 결과에 근거하여 국내 환경을 충분히 고려할 수 있는 동물성 전이계수 적용 방안을 도출하였다. CSA 및 KEPRI에서 제시한 자료를 적용하여 $C^{14}$ 피폭선량을 계산한 결과 가장 보수적인 비방사능 모델에 비해 높거나 동일한 결과를 주었는데 이는 물리적으로 타당성이 없는 결과였고, NRC에서 제시한 자료를 적용한 경우 피폭선량은 낮게 나타났지만 동물의 체적변화에 따른 영향을 전혀 반영하지 못하고 있었다. 따라서 경제 성장에 따른 축산물 섭취량 증가와 발전소 주변 환경을 충분히 반영함으로써 $C^{14}$에 의해 발전소 주변 주민이 받을 수 있는 피폭선량을 비교적 정확하고 현실성 있게 평가하기 위해서는 실험을 통해 동물성 전이계수를 제시해야 할 것으로 판단되며 이에 대한 구체적인 실험 방법 및 방안은 제시하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2009

Purpose: Doxylamine succinate (DS) is frequently used to treat insomnia and it may induce rhabdomyolysis in the overdose cases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors that can predict the serum creatine kinase (CK) level normalization time for patients with rhabdomyolysis due to DS ingestion. Methods: This study was conducted on 71 patients who were admitted with rhabdomyolysis after DS ingestion during the period from January 2000 to July 2009. Rhabdomyolysis was defined as a serum CK level over 1,000 U/L. The collected data included the general characteristics, the anticholinergic symptoms, the ingested dose, the peak serum CK level, the time interval (TI) from the event to the peak CK level and the TI from the event to a CK level below 1,000 U/L. We evaluated the correlation between the patients' variables and the TI from the event to the peak CK level time and the time for a CK level below 1,000 U/L. Results: The mean ingested dose per body weight (BW) was $30.86{\pm}18.63\;mg/kg$ and the mean TI from the event to treatment was $4.04{\pm}3.67$ hours. The TI from the event to the peak CK level was longer for the patients with a larger ingestion dose per BW (r=0.587, p<0.05). The CK normalization time was longer for the patients with a larger ingested dose per BW (r=0.446, p<0.05) and a higher peak CK level (r=0.634, p<0.05). Conclusion: The ingested dose per BW was correlated with the TI from the event to the peak CK level, and the ingested dose per BW and the peak CK level have significant correlations with the CK normalization time. These factors may be used to determine the discharge period of patients who had rhabdomyolysis following a OS overdose.