• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.210-218
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• 2000

Since the SSC(soluble solid contents) and titratable acidity of fruit are highly concerned to the taste, the need for measuring them by non-destructive technology such as NIR(Visual and Near-infrared) spectroscopy is increasing. Specially, in order to grade the quality of each fruit with a sorter at sorting and packing facilities, technologies for online measurement satisfying the tolerance in terms of accuracy and speed should be developed. Many researches have been done to develop devices to measure the internal qualities of fruit such as SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. with the VIS(Visual)/NIR(Near Infrared) reflectance spectra. The distributions of the SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. are different with respect to the position and depth of fruit, and generally the VIS/NIR light can interact with fruit in a few millimeters of pathlength, and it is very difficult to measure the qualities of inner flesh of fruit. Therefore, to measure the average concentrations of each quality factor such as SSC and titratable acidity with the reflectance-type NIR devices, the spectra of fruit at several positions should be measured. Recently, the interest about the transmittance-type VIS/NIR devices is increasing. NIR light can penetrate through the fruit about 1/10-1/1,000,000 %. Therefore, very intensive light source and very sensitive sensor should be adopted to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit. The ultimate purpose of this study was to develop a device to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear, peach, etc. With the transmittance-type VIS/NIR device, the feasibility of measurement of the SSC and titratable acidity in intact fruit cultivated in Korea was tested. The results are summarized as follows; A simple measurement device which can measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit was constructed with sample holder, two 500W-tungsten halogen lamps, a real-time spectrometer having a very sensitive CCD array sensor and optical fiber probe. With the device, it was possible to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear and peach. Main factors affecting the intensity of transmitted light spectra were the size of sample, the radiation intensity of light source and the integration time of the detector. Sample holder should be designed so that direct light leakage to the probe could be protected. Preprocessing method to the raw spectrum data significantly influenced the performance of the nondestructive measurement of SSC and titratable acidity of intact fruit. Representative results of PLS models in predicting the SSC of peach were SEP of 0.558 Brix% and R2 of 0.819, and those in predicting titratable acidity were SEP of 0.056% and R2 of 0.655.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.42-42
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• 2012

The First stars (Pop.III stars) in the universe are expected to be formed between the recombination era at z - 1100 and the most distant quasar (z - 8). They have never been directly detected due to its faintness so far, but can be observed as a background radiation at around 1${\mu}m$ which is called the Cosmic Near-Infrared Background (CNB). Main part of the CNB is thought to be redshifted Lyman-alpha from gas clouds surrounding the Pop.III stars. Until now, the COBE (COsmic Background Explorer) and the IRTS (Infrared Telescope in Space) observed excess emission over the background due to galaxies. To confirm the COBE and the IRTS results and pursue more observational evidences, we carried out the sounding rocket experiment named the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment (CIBER). The CIBER is successfully launched on July 10, 2010 at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, USA. It consists of three kinds of instruments. We report the results obtained by LRS (Low Resolution Spectrometer) which is developed to fill the uncovered spectrum around 1${\mu}m$. LRS is a refractive telescope of 5.5 cm aperture with spectral resolution of 20 - 30 and wavelength coverage of 0.7 to 2.0${\mu}m$. After subtracting foreground components (zodiacal light, integrated star light and diffuse galactic light) from the sky brightness of observed five fields, there remained significant residual emission (even for the lower limit case) consistent with the IRTS and the COBE results. In addition, there exists a clear gap at 0.7 - 0.8${\mu}m$ in the CNB spectrum over the background due to galaxies according to recent results (Matsuoka et al. 2011; Mattila et al. 2011). The origin of the excess emission could be ascribed to the Pop.III stars with its active era of z = 7 - 10.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.44.2-44.2
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• 2019

Comets, one of the least-altered leftovers from the nascent solar system, have probably preserved the primitive structure inside, whereas their surfaces become modified from the initial states after repetitive orbital revolutions around the Sun. Resurfacing makes the surface drier and more consolidated than the bulk nuclei, creating inert refractory dust layer ("dust mantle"). Near-infrared (NIR; 1.25-2.25 m) polarimetry is theoretically expected to maximize contrast of the porosity between inner fresh and evolved dust particles, by harboring more dust constituents in the single wavelength than the optical; thus, intensifies electromagnetic interaction in dust aggregates. Despite such an advantage, only a few studies have been made in this approach mainly due to the limited accessibility of available facilities. Herein, we present our new multi-band NIR polarimetric study of near-Earth object 252P/LINEAR over 12 days near perihelion, together with the results of optical (0.48-0.80m) imaging observations and backward dynamical simulation of the comet. Based on the results, we will characterize the dust properties of the comet and discuss the possible environmental (temperature and UV radiation) effects that could produce the observed phenomena.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.223-228
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• 2004

물질을 구성하는 분자가 빛을 흡수하면 그 빛의 파장에 따른 복사에너지에 의하여 열적 반응이나 광화학적 반응이 일어난다. 특히 적외선 복사에 의한 열적 반응은 물질의 온도상승이나 온도하강 등의 과정을 통하여 물질의 물리적 손상을 초래한다. 따라서 적외선을 포함하는 복사에너지의 조사에 의하여 전시실, 진열장내의 전시물의 온도 변화를 측정하여 그 온도의 변화 범위보다 적은 온도 변화가 전시물에서 일어나도록 조명을 제한하고 알맞은 광원을 선정하여야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 광원에 의한 시료의 온도상승과 적외선 복사량을 측정할 수 있는 측정시스템을 구축하고, 전시조명용으로 많이 사용하는 여러 광원을 대상으로 각 광원의 방사조도를 변화시키면서 시료의 표면온도와 적외선 복사량을 각각 측정하였다. 측정의 결과를 토대로 방사조도와 온도 및 적외선 복사량간의 함수관계를 파악하고, 조도의 변동에 따른 시료의 온도 변화 및 적외선 복사량의 변화를 비교, 분석하였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

This paper concerns about the requirement analysis for night vision imaging system(NVIS), whose purpose is to intensify the available nighttime near infrared(IR) radiation sufficiently to be caught by the human eyes on a miniature green phosphor screen. The requirements for NVIS are NVIS radiance(NR), chromaticity, daylight legibility/readability, etc. The NR is a quantitative measure of night vision goggle (NVG) compatibility of a light source as viewed through goggles. The chromaticity is the quality of a color as determined by its purity and dominant wavelength. The daylight legibility/readability is the degree at which words are readable based on appearance and a measure of an instrument's ability to display incremental changes in its output value. In this paper, the requirements of NR, chromaticity, and daylight legibility/readability for Type I and Class B/C NVIS are analyzed. Also the rationale is shown with respect to those requirements.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2012

We present new constraints on the cosmic optical background (COB) obtained from an analysis of the Pioneer 10/11 Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP) data. After careful examination of the data quality, the usable measurements free from the zodiacal light are integrated into sky maps at the blue (${\sim}0.44{\mu}m$) and red (${\sim}0.64{\mu}m$) bands. Accurate starlight subtraction was achieved by referring to all-sky star catalogs and a Galactic stellar population synthesis model down to 32.0 mag. We find that the residual light is separated into two components: one component shows a clear correlation with the thermal $100{\mu}m$ brightness, whilst the other shows a constant level in the lowest $100{\mu}m$ brightness region. The presence of the second component is significant after all the uncertainties and possible residual light in the Galaxy are taken into account, thus it most likely has an extragalactic origin (i.e., the COB). The derived COB brightness is ($(1.8{\pm}0.9){\times}10^{-9}$ and $(1.2{\pm}0.9){\times}10^{-9}\;erg\;s^{-1}\;cm^{-2}\;sr^{-1}\;{\AA}^{-1}$ in the blue and red spectral regions, respectively, or $7.9{\pm}4.0$ and $7.7{\pm}5.8\;nW\;m^{-2}\;sr^{-1}$. Based on a comparison with the integrated brightness of galaxies, we conclude that the bulk of the COB is comprised of normal galaxies which have already been resolved by the current deepest observations. There seems to be little room for contributions from other populations including "first stars" at these wavelengths. On the other hand, the first component of the IPP residual light represents the diffuse Galactic light (DGL)-scattered starlight by the interstellar dust. We derive the mean DGL-to-$100{\mu}m$ brightness ratios of $2.1{\times}10^{-3}$ and $4.6{\times}10^{-3}$ at the two bands, which are roughly consistent with previous observations toward denser dust regions. Extended red emission in the diffuse interstellar medium is also confirmed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2021

This study was to investigate defense mechanisms on cassava induced by salicylic acid formulation (SA) against anthracnose disease. Our results indicated that the SA could reduce anthracnose severity in cassava plants up to 33.3% under the greenhouse condition. The 𝛽-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzyme activities were significantly increased at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and decrease at 48 HAI after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides challenge inoculation, respectively, for cassava treated with SA formulation. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy spectra revealed changes of the C=H stretching vibration (3,000-2,800 cm^-1), pectin (1,740-1,700 cm^-1), amide I protein (1,700-1,600 cm^-1), amide II protein (1,600-1,500 cm^-1), lignin (1,515 cm^-1) as well as mainly C-O-C of polysaccharides (1,300-1,100 cm^-1) in the leaf epidermal and mesophyll tissues treated with SA formulations, compared to those treated with fungicide carbendazim and distilled water after the challenged inoculation with C. gloeosporioides. The results indicate that biochemical changes in cassava leaf treated with SA played an important role in the enhancement of structural and chemical defense mechanisms leading to reduced anthracnose severity.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.624-629
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• 2018

본 논문은 NDIR(Non Dispersive Infra Red) 방식을 적용하여 $CO_2$ 및 $CH_4$의 두 가지 가스를 하나의 휴대용 장치에서 측정이 가능하도록 제작된 복합 가스 측정 장치에 대한 연구이다. 측정 장치의 구성은 적외선램프에서 적외선이 방출되면 방출된 파장이 광학창을 거치면서 흡수로 인하여 빛이 줄어들게 되고 이 감소량(흡수도)을 검출기에서 검출하고 이를 전기적 신호로 변환 증폭하여(3.5V~6V) 정확한 측정이 가능함을 보여준다. 기존의 Single Sensor 방식은 적외선에서 특수파장을 흡수하여 상대 측정량을 검출하는 방식으로 가스의 경우 $4.26{\mu}m$파장의 빛만을 검출하여 측정하는 방식으로 센서의 값을 보정할 수 있는 기준센서가 없어 오차가 발생하는 문제가 발생하였다. 본 연구에 적용된 Dual Sensor 방식은 다른 가스의 영향을 받지 않는 $3.91{\mu}m$의 기준치와 가스의 $4.26{\mu}m$의 두 파장을 검출하여 비교측정 함으로써 오차가 적어 신뢰도가 높은 방식으로, 휴대형으로 소형화하여 저 전력화가 가능하며, $CO_2$ 및 $CH_4$의 2가지 가스농도를 복합적으로 측정 할 수 있다는 특징이 있다. 측정 범위는 $CO_2$의 경우 0ppm~5,000ppm이고 $CH_4$의 경우는 0~5%의 부피 농도로 실내 공기량 1,000ppm을 측정 할 수 있도록 제작되어 휴대용이나 주택의 Home automation과 연동하여 소화연동이 가능함으로 화재예방에 매우 효과적일 것으로 확인하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2013

The SPICA (SPace Infrared Telescope for Cosmology & Astrophysics) project is a next-generation infrared space telescope optimized for mid- and far-infrared observation with a cryogenically cooled 3m-class telescope. The focal plane instruments onboard SPICA will enable us to resolve many astronomical key issues from the formation and evolution of galaxies to the planetary formation. The FPC-S (Focal Plane Camera - Sciecne) is a near-infrared instrument proposed by Korea as an international collaboration. Owing to the capability of both low-resolution imaging spectroscopy and wide-band imaging with a field of view of $5^{\prime}{\times}5^{\prime}$, it has large throughput as well as high sensitivity for diffuse light compared with JWST. In order to strengthen advantages of the FPC-S, we propose the studies of probing population III stars by the measurement of cosmic near-infrared background radiation and the star formation history at high redshift by the discoveries of active star-forming galaxies. In addition to the major scientific targets, to survey large area opens a new parameter space to investigate the deep Universe. The good survey capability in the parallel imaging mode allows us to study the rare, bright objects such as quasars, bright star-forming galaxies in the early Universe as a way to understand the formation of the first objects in the Universe, and ultra-cool brown dwarfs. Observations in the warm mission will give us a unique chance to detect high-z supernovae, ices in young stellar objects (YSOs) even with low mass, the $3.3{\mu}$ feature of shocked circumstance in supernova remnants. Here, we report the current status of SPICA/FPC project and its extragalactic sciences.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.638-642
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• 2017

FOD는 항공기에 치명적인 위험을 줄 수 있는 잠재적인 위협요인을 가진 물질을 총칭하는 것이다. 이에, FOD는 공항 전 지역에서 주의해야하며 특히 활주로 및 항공기 이동지역에서는 FOD 탐지 및 수거를 하던 방식은 공항운영의 효율성 및 경제성이 매우 낮기 때문에 국내환경에 적합한 FOD 자동탐지시스템 개발이 필수적으로 요구된다. 이에 항공안전기술개발 사업의 일환으로 공항 내부의 항공기 이동지역 이물질 자동탐지 시스템 개발이 진행 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 한서대학교 태안비행장에서 EO/IR카메라를 이용한 이물질 탐지실험을 진행하여 주간에는 EO카메라를 이용하고 야간에는 IR카메라를 이용하여 모두 정상적으로 탐지됨을 확인하였다.