• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.376-384
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• 2021

Agaricus bisporus is a popular edible mushroom that is cultivated worldwide. Due to its secondary homothallic nature, cultivated A. bisporus strains have low genetic diversity, and breeding novel strains is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of globally collected A. bisporus strains using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Agaricus bisporus strains were divided based on genetic distance-based groups and model-based subpopulations. The major allele frequency (MAF), number of genotypes (NG), number of alleles (NA), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were calculated, and genetic distance, population structure, genetic differentiation, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were assessed. Strains were divided into two groups by distance-based analysis and into three subpopulations by model-based analysis. Strains in subpopulations POP A and POP B were included in Group I, and strains in subpopulation POP C were included in Group II. Genetic differentiation between strains was 99%. Marker AB-gSSR-1057 in Group II and subpopulation POP C was confirmed to be in HWE. These results will enhance A. bisporus breeding programs and support the protection of genetic resources.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2021

Purpose: Differentiating between glioblastoma and solitary metastasis is very important for the planning of further workup and treatment. We assessed the ability of various morphological parameters using conventional MRI and diffusion-based techniques to distinguish between glioblastomas and solitary metastases in tumoral and peritumoral regions. Materials and Methods: We included 38 patients with solitary brain tumors (21 glioblastomas, 17 solitary metastases). To find out if there were differences in the morphologic parameters of enhancing tumors, we analyzed their shape, margins, and enhancement patterns on postcontrast T1-weighted images. During analyses of peritumoral regions, we assessed the extent of peritumoral non-enhancing lesion on T2- and postcontrast T1-weighted images. We also aimed to detect peritumoral neoplastic cell infiltration by visual assessment of T2-weighted and diffusion-based images, including DWI, ADC maps, and exponential DWI, and evaluated which sequence depicted peritumoral neoplastic cell infiltration most clearly. Results: The shapes, margins, and enhancement patterns of tumors all significantly differentiated glioblastomas from metastases. Glioblastomas had an irregular shape, ill-defined margins, and a heterogeneous enhancement pattern; on the other hand, metastases had an ovoid or round shape, well-defined margins, and homogeneous enhancement. Metastases had significantly more extensive peritumoral T2 high signal intensity than glioblastomas had. In visual assessment of peritumoral neoplastic cell infiltration using T2-weighted and diffusion-based images, all sequences differed significantly between the two groups. Exponential DWI had the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of both glioblastoma (100%) and metastasis (70.6%). A combination of exponential DWI and ADC maps was optimal for the depiction of peritumoral neoplastic cell infiltration in glioblastoma. Conclusion: In the differentiation of glioblastoma from solitary metastatic lesions, visual morphologic assessment of tumoral and peritumoral regions using conventional MRI and diffusion-based techniques can also offer diagnostic information.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1194-1204
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• 2023

Meat quality comprises a set of key traits such as pH, meat color, water-holding capacity, tenderness and marbling. These traits are complex because they are affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular genetic basis underlying nine meat quality-related traits in a Yorkshire pig population using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and subsequent biological pathway analysis. In total, 45,926 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 543 pigs were selected for the GWAS after quality control. Data were analyzed using a genome-wide efficient mixed model association (GEMMA) method. This linear mixed model-based approach identified two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for meat color (b^*) on chromosome 2 (SSC2) and one QTL for shear force on chromosome 8 (SSC8). These QTLs acted additively on the two phenotypes and explained 3.92%-4.57% of the phenotypic variance of the traits of interest. The genes encoding HAUS8 on SSC2 and an lncRNA on SSC8 were identified as positional candidate genes for these QTLs. The results of the biological pathway analysis revealed that positional candidate genes for meat color (b^*) were enriched in pathways related to muscle development, muscle growth, intramuscular adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation in muscle, whereas positional candidate genes for shear force were overrepresented in pathways related to cell growth, cell differentiation, and fatty acids synthesis. Further verification of these identified SNPs and genes in other independent populations could provide valuable information for understanding the variations in pork quality-related traits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2024

Interest and investment in cultivated meat are increasing because of the realization that it can effectively supply sufficient food resources and reduce the use of livestock. Nevertheless, accurate information on the specific technologies used for cultivated meat production and the characteristics of cultivated meat is lacking. Authorization for the use of cultivated meat is already underway in the United States, Singapore, and Israel, and other major countries are also expected to approve cultivated meat as food once the details of the intricate process of producing cultivated meat, which encompasses stages such as cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and assembly, is thoroughly established. The development and standardization of mass production processes and safety evaluations must precede the industrialization and use of cultivated meat as food. However, the technology for the industrialization of cultivated meat is still in its nascent stage, and the mass production process has not yet been established. The mass production process of cultivated meat may not be easy to disclose because it is related to the interests of several companies or research teams. However, the overall research flow shows that equipment development for mass production and cell acquisition, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as for three-dimensional production supports and bioreactors have not yet been completed. Therefore, additional research on the mass production process and safety of cultivated meat is essential. The consumer's trust in the cultivated meat products and production technologies recently disclosed by some companies should also be analyzed and considered for guiding future developments in this industry. Furthermore, close monitoring by academia and the government will be necessary to identify fraud in the cultivated meat industry.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2019

Information retrieval is the challenge of the Web 2.0 world. The experiment of knowledge organisation in the context of abundant information available from various sources proves a major hurdle in obtaining information retrieval with greater precision and recall. The fast-changing landscape of information organisation through social networking sites at a personal level creates a world of opportunities for data scientists and also library professionals to assimilate the social data with expert created data. Thus, folksonomies or social tags play a vital role in information organisation and retrieval. The comparison of these user-created tags with expert-created index terms, author keywords and title words, will throw light on the differentiation between these sets of data. Such comparative studies show revelation of a new set of terms to enhance subject access and reflect the extent of similarity between user-generated tags and other set of terms. The CiteULike tags extracted from 5,150 scholarly journal articles in marine science were compared with corresponding Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstracts descriptors, author keywords, and title terms. The Jaccard similarity coefficient method was employed to compare the social tags with the above mentioned wordsets, and results proved the presence of user-generated keywords in Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstracts descriptors, author keywords, and title words. While using information retrieval techniques like stemmer and lemmatization, the results were found to enhance keywords to subject access.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.547-566
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• 2014

This study investigates the decisive factors affecting the survival or collapse of cable networks in the Korean paid broadcasting market from 1993 to 2010. The effects of performance variables discussed in previous studies were verified through survival analyses. According to the results, the most influential factors in the survival of cable networks were horizontal integration (MPP), channel genre, the scheduling of HDTV content, and the proportion of access program scheduling. These findings imply that the differentiation strategy of content suppliers is the most decisive factor among all business performance-related factors. Specifically, the content supply power and strategy of the program provider (PP) have the greatest influence on cable network viability. The present study is meaningful as the first attempt to establish the performance of PPs in Korean pay broadcasting markets through the viewpoint of organizational mortality. Accordingly, the present study can supplement the results of cross-sectional studies conducted with smaller samples.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 2011

In computing the optical flow. Horn and Schunck's method which is a representative algorithm is based on differentiation. But it is difficult to estimate the velocity for a large displacement by this algorithm. To cope with this problem multigrid method has been proposed. In this paper, we have proposed a scaled multigrid algorithm which the initial flow for a level is calculated by the summation of the optimally scaled flow and error flow. The optimally scaled flow is the scaled expanded flow of the previous level, which can generate an estimated second image having the least RMS error with respect to the original second image, and the error flow is the flow between the estimated second image (generated by the optimally scaled flow) and the original second image. The flow for this level is then estimated using the original first and second images and the initial flow for that level. From among the various coarsest starting levels of the multigrid algorithm, we select the one that finally gives the best estimated flow. Better results were achieved using our proposed method compared with Horn and Schunck's method and a conventional multigrid algorithm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.425-445
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• 2013

The IEEE 802.11 compliant stations can transmit at multiple transmission rates. Selection of an appropriate transmission rate plays a significant role in determining the overall efficiency of a communication system. The technique which determines the channel state information and accordingly selects an appropriate transmission rate is called rate-adaptation protocol. The IEEE 802.11 standard does not provide standard specification for implementing a rate-adaptation protocol for its multi-rate capable wireless stations. Due to the lack of standard specification, there is a myriad of rate-adaptation protocols, proposed by industry and various research institutes. This paper surveys the existing rate-adaptation schemes, discusses various features which contribute significantly in the process of rate-adaptation, the timing constraints on such schemes, and the performance gains in terms of throughput, delay and energy efficiency; which can be gained by the use of rate-adaptation. The paper also discusses the implication of rate-adaptation schemes on the performance of overall communication and identifies existing research challenges in the design of rate-adaptation schemes.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 2020

Capsule endoscopy is one of the increasingly demanded diagnostic methods among patients in recent years because of its ability to observe small intestine difficulties. It is often conducted for 12 to 14 hours, but significant frames constitute only 10% of whole frames. Thus, it has been designed to automatically acquire significant frames through deep learning. For example, studies to track the position of the capsule (stomach, small intestine, etc.) or to extract lesion-related information (polyps, etc.) have been conducted. However, although grouping or labeling the training images according to similar features can improve the performance of a learning model, various attributes (such as degree of wrinkles, presence of valves, etc.) are not considered in conventional approaches. Therefore, we propose a class-labeling method that can be used to design a learning model by constructing a knowledge model focused on main lesions defined in standard terminologies for capsule endoscopy (minimal standard terminology, capsule endoscopy structured terminology). This method enables the designing of a systematic learning model by labeling detailed classes through differentiation of similar characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2019

최근 고령화 사회로 들어섬에 따라 치매 노인 환자가 해가 갈수록 급증하고 나아가 치매환자 뿐만 아니라 보호가 필요한 미취학 아동, 장애인 등 실종사고가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 자신이 길을 잃었다는 것을 인지하지 못하고 잇따라 2차 사고가 발생하는 경우가 많다. 이렇게 사고가 빈번하게 발생하게 되면 보호자의 입장에서는 같이 외출을 하거나 피보호자를 혼자 두고 외출을 하는 것이 많은 부담이 될 수밖에 없다고 판단하였다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 현재 위치추적을 기반으로 한 다양한 제품들이 있지만 통신사간의 복잡한 가입절차, 실종 시 2차사고 예방을 위한 대안이 없는 것 등 그 제품들을 사용자가 사용하는데 있어서 많은 제약이 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 아두이노를 활용하여 이러한 문제점을 개선하여 피보호자의 위치를 스마트폰의 어플리케이션으로 실시간 확인할 수 있도록 하고 보호자가 설정한 일정 반경의 기준점을 벗어나게 되었을 때 경보음 알림과 동시에 긴급기관 신고전화 기능을 추가하여 빠른 초동조치로 연이은 2차 사고를 예방할 수 있게 함으로써 보호자가 외출 시 심리적으로 안심할 수 있는 GPS위치 추적시스템에 대해 기술하였다.