• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.39-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine in influence on the effect of understanding their major and career self-efficacy on career indecision of the community college students majoring in fashion and is intended to provide useful resources on career education and guidance of students through this research. In order to achieve the objective of study, 349 college students in Gyeonggido were selected for the questionnaires for the understanding major, career self-efficacy, and career indecisions survey. The survey data was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS 12.0 and this was followed by the descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results were as follows; First, career indecision factors of the college students majoring in fashion were extracted 5 valuables that were 'insufficiencies vocational information', 'an undeceivable character', 'the lack of self well-defined', 'the lack of needs for job' and 'external barrier for the career'. Second, the subordinate valuables of understanding major which is 'social cognition for the major', 'satisfaction on the major course', and 'satisfaction on the major skill', had positive effect on career self-efficacy. Third, understanding of major and the subordinate valuables of career self-efficacy which is 'making goal for the career', 'career information', 'career plan for the future', 'alternative searching', and 'overcoming difficulties' had negative effect on career indecision. Forth, understanding major and career self-efficacy had medicated in career indecision.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.7
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• pp.829-836
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a stochastic model for sentence speech understanding using dictionary and thesaurus. The proposed model extracts words from an input speech or text into a sentence. A computer is sellected category of dictionary database compared the word extracting from the input sentence calculating a probability value to the compare results from stochastic model. At this time, computer read out upper dictionary information from the upper dictionary searching and extracting word compared input sentence caluclating value to the compare results from stochastic model. We compare adding the first and second probability value from the dictionary searching and the upper dictionary searching with threshold probability that we measure the sentence understanding rate. We evaluated the performance of the sentence speech understanding system by applying twenty questions game. As the experiment results, we got sentence speech understanding accuracy of 79.8%. In this case, probability ($\alpha$) of high level word is 0.9 and threshold probability ($\beta$) is 0.38.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.6-25
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• 2017

In this paper, a large-scale study on users' understanding of search-based advertising is presented. It is based on (1) a survey, (2) a task-based user study, and (3) an online experiment. Data were collected from 1,000 users representative of the German online population. Findings show that users generally lack an understanding of Google's business model and the workings of search-based advertising. 42% of users self-report that they either do not know that it is possible to pay Google for preferred listings for one's company on the SERPs or do not know how to distinguish between organic results and ads. In the task-based user study, we found that only 1.3 percent of participants were able to mark all areas correctly. 9.6 percent had all their identifications correct but did not mark all results they were required to mark. For none of the screenshots given were more than 35% of users able to mark all areas correctly. In the experiment, we found that users who are not able to distinguish between the two results types choose ads around twice as often as users who can recognize the ads. The implications are that models of search engine advertising and of information seeking need to be amended, and that there is a severe need for regulating search-based advertising.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 2005

This is a survey study to measure degrees of understanding regarding Information literacy in Korean university students based on ACRL standards. In the results of the survey there were no meaningful differences between individuals age, gender, major, and University. There were also no meaningful difference between the five ACRL standards. However, there were meaningful differences between the performance indicators in each standard. For example in the first standard, the performance indicator 'Determines the nature and extent of the information needed', had the highest score. had the lowest score. In the second ‘Effective Access of Information', had the highest score. In the third ‘Evaluate and Incorporate Information', had the highest score>and had the lowest score. In the fourth ‘Use of Information', , had the highest score. In the last ‘Information Ethics', there was no meaningful difference. This study also showed outcomes regarding the details in each standard.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2014

When taught the precise definition of ${\pi}$, students may be simply asked to memorize its approximate value without developing a rigorous understanding of the underlying reason of why it is a constant. Measuring the circumferences and diameters of various circles and calculating their ratios might just represent an attempt to verify that ${\pi}$ has an approximate value of 3.14, and will not necessarily result in an adequate understanding about the constant nor formally proves that it is a constant. In this study, we aim to investigate prospective teachers' conceptual understanding of ${\pi}$, and as a constant and whether they can provide a proof of its constant property. The findings show that prospective teachers lack a holistic understanding of the constant nature of ${\pi}$, and reveal how they teach students about this property in an inappropriate approach through a proving activity. We conclude our findings with a suggestion on how to improve the situation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.24
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• pp.81-106
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• 1996

Without an accurate understanding of information needs of library users, an efficient services can't be implement. And we can expect that there is a difference between query statement and actual information needs of users. It also will occur difference in the process of librarian's interpretation of query statement because of an inaccurate presentation and their different working experiences. It means that there is a communication problems between users and librarians. The purpose of this study is to provide the techniques of face to face communication between users and librarians as a method of efficient library service activities. And focused on the importance of non-language communication. The effectiveness of this study are as follows: 1. With the understanding of information flow, librarians can expand the extent of library services. 2. Knowing that how to communicate with users at the a n.0, ppropriate degree, librarians can improve the communication techniques. 3. Expanding the satisfaction of information services and heitening the reliability of users. 4. From the analysis of user information needs, librarians can convert present system to the proper service-oriented system. 5. Knowing the importance of non-language communication, librarians can improve the service environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.694-696
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• 2004

With the more sophisticated abilities development of video, object motion analysis and interpretation has become the fundamental task for the computer vision understanding. For that understanding, firstly, we seek a sum of absolute difference algorithm to apply to the motion detection, which was based on the scene. Then we will focus on the moving objects representation in the scene using spatio-temporal relations. The video can be explained comprehensively from the both aspects : moving objects relations and video events intervals.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2009

With the rapid increase in the number of Web documents, the problem of information overload is growing more serious in Internet search. In order to ease the problem, researchers are paying attention to personalization, which creates Web environment fittingly for users' preference, but most of search engines produce results focused on users' queries. Thus, the present study examined the method of producing search results personalized based on a user's understanding level. A characteristic that differentiates this study from previous researches is that it considers users' understanding level and searches documents of difficulty fit for the level first. The difficulty level of a document is adjusted based on the understanding level of users who access the document, and a user's understanding level is updated periodically based on the difficulty of documents accessed by the user. A Web search system based on the results of this study is expected to bring very useful results to Web users of various age groups.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2021

Purpose: This article aims to provide a balanced understanding of the structural conditions and social processes involved in the creation and diffusion of innovation. Research design, data and methodology: Drawing on organizational and economic sociology and strategic management literature, this article offers a conceptual framework that highlights the two dimensions of network structures: the vertical dimension focusing on power and legitimacy vs. the horizontal dimension highlighting information value. By organizing the literature on the functions and consequences of network, this paper advances a theoretical perspective in understanding the vast array of empirical studies on innovation involving network analysis. Results: Using the proposed framework, this article explains how the mechanisms of power, legitimacy, and information value work together with social structural factors, thus enriching our understanding of innovation. This study reveals that the information mechanism (horizontal dimension) has been most important in innovation creation and diffusion, and that trust, credibility, and legitimacy are operative in innovation diffusion. Conclusions: This paper contributes to the literature by responding to calls to extend existing frameworks to better account for the dynamics between innovation and network. In addition, this article highlights how conceptualizing innovation within the horizontal-vertical dimensions of network structures, creates new opportunities for future research.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

Biochemical, enzymatic, immunological, and morphological evidences on ceramide and other lipids lamellae formation, assembly of component proteins of CE and expression and distribution of TGases provided better understanding of CE formation. Pathophysiology of some of the genetic disease is beginning to be clarified. Hope we can utilize the information gained in understanding CE formation would expedite the development of patient treatment processes.