• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6965-6969
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• 2013

Background: Tobacco consumption has been identified as the single biggest cause of inequality in morbidity and mortality. Understanding pattern of socioeconomic equalities in tobacco consumption in India will help in designing targeted public health control measures. Materials and Methods: Nationally representative data from the India Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 was analyzed. The survey provided information on 69,030 respondents aged 15 years and above. Data were analyzed according to regions for estimating prevalence of current tobacco consumption (both smoking and smokeless) across wealth quintiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted the impact of socioeconomic determinants on both forms of current tobacco consumption adjusting for other socio-demographic variables. Results: Trends of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption across wealth quintiles were significant in different regions of India. Higher prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption was observed in the medium wealth quintiles. Risk of tobacco consumption among the poorest compared to the richest quintile was 1.6 times higher for smoking and 3.1 times higher for smokeless forms. Declining odds ratios of both forms of tobacco consumption with rising education were visible across regions. Poverty was a strong predictor in north and south Indian region for smoking and in all regions for smokeless tobacco use. Conclusions: Poverty and poor education are strong risk factors for both forms of tobacco consumption in India. Public health policies, therefore, need to be targeted towards the poor and uneducated.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum monthly food cost for the low income population. The food consumption data of 9,311 individuals from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was used. The monthly food cost was calculated using the Consumer Food Price Database for the year 2001 provided by the Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Seoul National University. The low income population (n = 1,310) was characterized as older age, lower income, smaller family size, lower education level, and lower energy intake as compared with the total population (n = 8,001). The estimated food cost showed that men in the low income population needed 15% more money for purchasing food to maintain the energy intake level at the average energy intake level of men in the total population. It was also estimated that women in the low income population needed 9% more money for purchasing food to maintain the energy intake level at the average energy intake level of women in the total population. There were differences in monthly food costs depending on the sex and age, and family size. The results of this study could be used as basic information to establish minimum food cost for the low income population in Korea.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-80
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• 2009

Information and Communication Technology is now widely accepted by developing countries as a development tool in their efforts to alleviate poverty, enhance human development, and achieve Millennium Development Goals. Recognizing this untapped potential and development strategies incorporating ICT are being increasingly promoted and launched across the developing countries requiring a comprehensive ICT policy that plays a crucial rule, in particular, in the area of agriculture and rural development. While the potential advantages of ICT for development are enormous in developed countries, national policies of developing countries are yet to adequately reflect truly comprehensive and integrated strategies for harnessing and exploiting this potential. This paper tries to provide implication of ICT policy to the agriculture and rural development in developing countries, in particular through lessons learned from European Union (EU) IT policy. Through the examination of vital projects in the agriculture and rural development sectors and case study analysis of applied policies and strategies implemented in the European Union, this paper provides tangible examples and lessons for policy-makers and practitioners involved in the field. Hence, this study provides policy-makers the necessary tools, information and knowledge to facilitate the formulation and adoption of ICT policies and strategies in the agriculture and rural development sector.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

100 households' survey was carried out in 2007 in Chitwan to foresee the people's livelihood and their insight into the forest conservation. This analysis revealed that households' was mainly survived with multiple livelihood categories where 98% citizens belong to food crops and 92% to livestock husbandry. The households' income shared by agriculture (crop and livestock), forest and remittance was 37% and 20% respectively. Results further showed that income distribution was somehow equal with Gini coefficient 0.25 than with the 0.37 of landholdings size. But, average per capita income of households was lower than the national standard with 33% of households below the poverty thresholds and 0.0945 poverty gap index. Similarly, 85% respondents assured for the current degraded status of forest and 83% of households for not participated in forest management activities due to low awareness in 82% households. These findings shows the forest assets could be unduly degraded in the past and forest availability which is extracting from the remaining forest is also decreasing in the area. Thus, tendency of forest dependency has been shifting to the small scale farming, other livelihood sources such as local business and services. This information could be useful in planning and decision-making process in searching of better alternative for the local livelihood as well as sustainable forest conservation strategy.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-194
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• 1998

The inability of the management information systems (MIS) field to progress as a scientific discipline has been attributed to the lack of systematic research and a cumulative tradition, an identity crisis, and the poverty of scientism. While research on the status of MIS is very important in order to enhance the field as a scientific discipline, few have investigated this issue. Following Thomas Kuhn's idea of paradigm, this paper studies other fields to investigate when they progressed, when they did not, and why. After research paradigm was broken down into technology-push and demand-pull types, a model on the science life cycle was developed in an effort to explain the path how a science has progressed. A test of this model in the fields of physics and chemistry with an old historial background reveals that the scientific progress in the area of demand-pull is more desirable if this progress turns out to be in the right direction. An application of the model to the MIS field shows that the research paradigm in this field is mainly of technology-push. In order to shift this paradigm toward the demand-pull area, this paper suggests the research on the relationship among MIS subfields and the adoption of appropriate reference disciplines.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.187-212
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• 2012

The reading culture promotion for the disabled is a key task of library which minimizes the level of information poverty, and improves the living standards of the people. In order to address the promotional methods, this study adopts a frame from a reading culture promotion policy, and analyzes national and international library services for the disabled. In results, the current library services for the disabled are mainly based on 'building appropriate reading environments' and guaranteeing 'equal reading opportunities'. However, campaigns or tasks targeting the disabled which makes reading a way of life are insufficient. This study, therefore, suggests 'reading education', 'reading therapy', 'user-oriented program development' to make reading a way of life. Library promoting strategies can also be useful in campaign of reading activities for the disabled.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.107-124
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• 1997

These days the predictable problem of he housewives is the economic poverty if they don't provide for their old age themselves. The purpose of this study is to investigate some influencing factors related to the housewives' perceptions behaviors and counterplans for the old age. There were significnat differences on the preparatory behaviors for the old age according to the enviornmental variables and the buying styles and lifestyles. The receptions and the preparatory behaviors for the old age was shown a positive correlation r=4.2(p<0.01) The most influencial variables on the behaviors of the old age by the housewives were in the order of the behaviors of the old age by the housewives were in the order of the joining pensions the concerns of the counterplans for the old age the timing of the economic counterplans the lmpulsive buying style the pursuit of the information the energefic activity the perceptions of the elderly living the percetions of the elderly occupation and erceptions of the silver industry. The housewives of this study were in difficulties for the economic counterplans for the old age. The most difficult problems were their health and their economic situations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

This study examines the economic status and effect variables of expenditure of single elderly households using the 1996 Expenditure Survey of Urban Families from the Korea National Office. This study examined gender differences in total house income, expenditure and effect variables of expenditure. The results show that women had lower economic condition than men and that income is the most effective variable of expenditure for both. The result imply the need of employment and active support to improve household income especially for women who have a higher possibility of poverty.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.19-31
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• 2015

As the social value gradually increases, the company's social responsibilities are granted and there are a growing number of requirements for a public value to economic value for the company. The cause marketing which has become widely known, it allows us to realize these values and in dictionary meaning, enterprises justification combines with marketing strategically, and is also illustrated as 'Cause Related Marketing.' For specific action plan, it is a marketing by connecting the selling of the product and donation to work out together to improve environment, public health, and poverty. This study examines how the cause marketing impact on the consumer's purchasing behaviour and purchasing intention and to find out whether there is an interrelationship. As a result, it turned out that cause marketing effect on purchasing attitudes and also the purchasing behaviour impact on the purchasing intention. Furthermore, the cause marketing influence on purchasing intention. As the idea of consumption gradually changes from the product consumption to value-based consumption as the time flows, the result of this research drew out the meaningful contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.121-149
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• 2006

In recent days North Korean refugees. who hope to move into and settle in South Korea, have been rapidly increasing. However their adaptation to South Korea is reported to have not been so much successful as they expected. Considering such situations, this study attempts to investigate their information needs and behavior. North Korean refugees have various and strong information needs for settlement and daily life. The strongest were information needs related to economic Problem, specifically job and business related information needs. It was followed by information needs related to social welfare, health and security child care and education, and North Korean situation In order to meet their information needs. North Korean refugees were heavily dependent on informal interpersonal information sources such as their family members. friends. and their own neighborhoods. as compared to such formal interpersonal information sources as Public officers. social welfare agents, and NGOs members. Meanwhile. their usage of mass media such as TV. newspapers, and internet as information sources was also heavy However the overall information environment surrounding them appeared to be relatively inferior to that of average South Koreans.