• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1165-1169
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• 2012

In April 2009, the H1N1 pandemic influenza virus emerged as a novel influenza virus. The aim of this study was to compare the performances of several molecular assays, including conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), two real-time reverse transcription (rRT)-PCRs, and two multiplex RTPCRs. A total of 381 clinical specimens were collected from patients (223 men and 158 women), and both the Seeplex RV7 assay and rRT-PCR were ordered on different specimens within one week after collection. The concordance rate for the two methods was 87% (332/381), and the discrepancy rate was 13% (49/381). The positive rates for the molecular assays studied included 93.1% for the multiplex Seeplex RV7 assay, 93.1% for conventional reverse transcription (cRT)-PCR, 89.7% for the multiplex Seeplex Flu ACE Subtyping assay, 82.8% for protocol B rRT-PCR, and 58.6% for protocol A rRT-PCR. Our results showed that the multiplex Seeplex assays and the cRT-PCR yielded higher detection rates than rRT-PCRs for detecting the influenza A (H1N1) virus. Although the multiplex Seeplex assays had the advantage of simultaneous detection of several viruses, they were time-consuming and troublesome. Our results show that, although rRT-PCR had the advantage, the detection rates of the molecular assays varied depending upon the source of the influenza A (H1N1)v virus. Our findings also suggest that rRT-PCR sometimes detected virus in extremely low abundance and thus required validation of analytical performance and clinical correlation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.32.1-32.15
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• 2023

Most influenza vaccines currently in use target the highly variable hemagglutinin protein to induce neutralizing antibodies and therefore require yearly reformulation. T cell-based universal influenza vaccines focus on eliciting broadly cross-reactive T-cell responses, especially the tissue-resident memory T cell (T_RM) population in the respiratory tract, providing superior protection to circulating memory T cells. This study demonstrated that intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the adenovirus-based vaccine expressing influenza virus nucleoprotein (rAd/NP) elicited weak CD8 T_RM responses in the lungs and airways, and yielded poor protection against lethal influenza virus challenge. However, a novel "prime-and-deploy" strategy that combines i.m. vaccination of rAd/NP with subsequent intranasal administration of an empty adenovector induced strong NP-specific CD8⁺ T_RM cells and provided complete protection against influenza virus challenge. Overall, our results demonstrate that this "prime-and-deploy" vaccination strategy is potentially applicable to the development of universal influenza vaccines.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2001

The outbreak patterns of the internal and external and external patients in the 20 designated hospitals and in 16 health centers were monitored to investigate and the characteristics of the virus isolates were as follows. Two hundreds and thirteen strains of influenza virus were isolated from the oral specimens of 1,686 patients with respiratory disease in Pusan. 1999. Among these isolates, 203 strains were A-type and the rest were B-type. The outbreak patterns for sex and age group were as follows. The male outbreak was similar to the female outbreak: male outbreak, 45.5% and female outbreak, 54.5%. Most of the patients were less than 10 days old. The monthly influenza outbreak was consistent from Jan. to Dec in 1999. The 96 strains from the A-type isolates were A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2)-like, the 107 strains were A/Beijing/262/95(H1N)-like, and all of the 10 B-type isolates were B/Harbin/07/94-like.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.32.1-32.15
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• 2020

Influenza virus is the major cause of seasonal and pandemic flu. Currently, oseltamivir, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuraminidase of influenza A and B viruses, is the drug of choice for treating patients with influenza virus infection. However, recent emergence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses has limited its efficacy. Morin hydrate (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid isolated from Morus alba L. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects partly by the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, its effects on influenza virus have not been studied. We evaluated the antiviral activity of morin hydrate against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR/8; H1N1) and oseltamivir-resistant A/PR/8 influenza viruses in vitro. To determine its mode of action, we carried out time course experiments, and time of addition, hemolysis inhibition, and hemagglutination assays. The effects of the co-administration of morin hydrate and oseltamivir were assessed using the murine model of A/PR/8 infection. We found that morin hydrate reduced hemagglutination by A/PR/8 in vitro. It alleviated the symptoms of A/PR/8-infection, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α and CCL2, in infected mice. Co-administration of morin hydrate and oseltamivir phosphate reduced the virus titers and attenuated pulmonary inflammation. Our results suggest that morin hydrate exhibits antiviral activity by inhibiting the entry of the virus.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

목 적 : 소아청소년을 대상으로 2010-2011 인플루엔자 백신의 야외 효능을 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2010년 9월에서 2011년 2월까지 소아 청소년을 대상으로 서울 경기지역의 7개 병원과 1개 초등학교에서 인플루엔자 백신을 접종한 시험군과 접종하지 않은 대조군을 모집하였다. 급성 발열성 호흡기 질환 증상이 있을시 임상시험기관에 방문하도록 하여 검체를 채취하여 감염여부를 확인하였다. 결 과 : 시험 군 407명 중 3명(0.74%)에서 3건의 신종 H1N1 인플루엔자 바이러스가 검출되었고, 대조군 230명 중 10명(4.35%)에서 12건을 검출하여 9명(3.91%)에서 9건의 신종 H1N1, 3명(1.30%)에서 3건의 H3N2 인플루엔자 바이러스를 검출하였다. 시험군에서의 인플루엔자 발생률은 0.74%, 대조군에서 4.35%였다. 백신의 야외 효능은 83.2%였다. 결 론 : 소아청소년을 대상으로 2010-2011년 인플루엔자 백신의 야외효능은 우수하였음을 확인하였다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회
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• pp.50-50
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• 2007

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2003

Virulent and avirulent H5N1 viruses were inoculated intranasally to BALB/c and immunodeficient mice, and compared the pathogenesis by histology and immunohistochemistry. All of mice infected with virulent virus died by systemic infection at 6 to 7 days postinfection (PI). BALB/c mice infected with avirulent virus survived from the infection, whereas immunodeficient mice showed nervous symptoms in addition to respiratory disease and died at 13 days PI. Viral positive antigens was detected from multiple organs including central nervous system in immunodeficient mice infected with avirulent virus. These results suggest that avirulent H5N1 influenza virus can aquire the multiple tissue tropism under immunosuppresed condition and host immune system is a important factor to protect the development of disease.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2016

길랭-바레 증후군은 약 3분의 2에서 선행 감염이 원인이 되며 면역반응 때문에 발병하는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 그 중 인플루엔자 바이러스는 비교적 드문 원인이다. 발병 기전과 관련된 항체들에 대한 보고들은 몇 차례 있었지만 길랭-바레 증후군 환자의 뇌척수액에서 인플루엔자 바이러스가 직접 검출된 증례는 없었다. 6세 여아가 내원 1주 전 인플루엔자 A로 진단된 후 oseltamivir를 복용하며 증상이 호전되었고, 내원 2일 전 두통 및 하루 전 양하지 위약감이 생겨서 응급실로 왔다. 신체 진찰, 뇌척수액 검사, 신경전도 검사, 척수 자기공명영상 등의 결과를 토대로 길랭-바래 증후군으로 진단하였고, 뇌척수액중합효소 연쇄반응 검사에서 인플루엔자 A 바이러스가 검출되었으며, 면역글로불린 정맥 투여 후 점차 증상이 호전되었다. 본 증례를 통하여 저자들은 인플루엔자 바이러스가 뇌척수액 내로 직접 침투한 것이 길랭-바레 증후군의 발생과 연관이 있을 것이라고 판단하며, 향후 그 기전에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2015

Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill), has been known for a wide range of biological and medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities. In the study, we investigated the antiviral activity on influenza A/PR/8 virus infected A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line and C57BL/6 mice. Betulinic acid showed the anti-influenza viral activity at a concentration of $50{\mu}M$ without a significant cytotoxicity in influenza A/PR/8 virus infected A549 cells. Also, betulinic acid significantly attenuated pulmonary pathology including increased necrosis, numbers of inflammatory cells and pulmonary edema induced by influenza A/PR/8 virus infection compared with vehicle- or oseltamivir-treated mice in vivo model. The down-regulation of IFN-${\gamma}$ level, which is critical for innate and adaptive immunity in viral infection, after treating of betulinic acid in mouse lung. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that betulinic acid can be the potential therapeutic agent for virus infection via anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2016

H3N2 canine influenza virus emerged in South Korea in 2007 and subsequently spread to China and Thailand, causing epidemic or endemic respiratory diseases in dogs. Through intermammalian species transmission, the virus has also infected cats. However, no direct evidence of significant genetic evolution has been reported since its first emergence. Here, we describe in depth the genetic and molecular characteristics of the ancestral strain (i.e., the first virus isolate from South Korea) of the H3N2 canine influenza virus currently circulating in East Asia.