• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.521-534
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• 2013

This study aims to identify the formative features of inflatable fashion that has changed its form or fulfilled specific functions by inserting air between fabrics or between clothes and the human body. Images of inflatable fashion images after the 1990s were collected from the literature and internet data and were analyzed based on the formative features of inflatable design. Through this analysis, it was determined that there were four formative features of inflatable fashion: First, inflatable fashion has functionality. General fashion also has functionality, but inflatable fashion has expanded functionalities such as an air bag effect or insulation due to injected air. Second, the formative potential. Inflatable fashion can be changed into different forms depending on the amount of air injected. Light-weighted air holds up the material of the clothes. So new forms that are different from conventional fashion, which gives inflatable fashion its formative potential, can be suggested. Third, aesthetic expansion. Inflatable fashion when its volume is expanded expresses the beauty of scale, or expresses a voluptuous beauty when part of human body is exaggerated. Fourth, it has an unconstructive characteristic. Space that is visible due to the transparent material of inflatable fashion expresses the intention of the designer to fulfill an unconstructive concept. In conclusion, the formative features of inflatable design have formative significances : practicality, aesthetic significance, semantics and technical significance.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.212-225
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• 2015

In order to preserve the quality of fresh water in the artificial lake after the reclamation of an intertidal flat at the mouth of a river, we suggest two novel methods of water purification by using tidal potential energy and an enclosed permeable embankment called an utsuro (Akai et al., 1990) in the reclaimed region. One method uses an inflatable bag on the seabed within an utsuro, while the other uses a moored floating barge out of a dyke. Each case employs a subsea pipe to allow flow between the inside and outside of the utsuro. The change in water level in the utsuro, which is pushed through the pipe by the potential energy outside, caused circulation in the artificial lake. In this paper, we analyzed the inflatable bag and floating barge motion as well as the pipe flow characteristics and drafts as given by a harmonic sea level, and compared the theoretical value with an experimental value with a simple small model basin. The numerical calculation based on theory showed good agreement with experimental values.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

To control the depth of an underwater glider, a control method by using Lyapunov's direct method is proposed. The underwater glider has a torpedo-shape hull, a movable mass in the hull, and an inflatable buoyancy bag in the hull, but doesn't have large wings that increase the lift force for the conventional underwater glider. The control laws to adjust the position of the movable mass and the mass of the inflatable buoyancy bag are derived. For a selected speed and an angle of attack, we simulated the operation of the underwater glider using Matlab/Simulink. The efficiency of the proposed controller is shown in the fact that the control effort is active during only a short period of time when the zigzag trajectory is changed from downward to upward or vice versa.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

Background : A bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) is useful in diagnosing the etiology of bilateral pulmonary infiltrations, but may worsen the oxygenation and clinical status in severely hypoxemic patients. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of the continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) using a conventional mechanical ventilator via a face mask as a tool for maintaining the oxygenation level during BAL. Methods : Seven consecutive patients with the bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia ($PaO_2/FIO_2$ ratio ${\leq}200$ on oxygen 10 L/min via mask with reservoir bag) were enrolled. The CPAP 5-6 $cmH_2O(F_IO_2\;1.0)$ was delivered through an inflatable face mask using a conventional mechanical ventilator. The CPAP began 10 min before starting the BAL and continued for 30 min after the procedure was completed. A bronchoscope was passed through a T-adapter and advanced through the mouth. BAL was performed using the conventional method. The vital signs, pulse oxymetry values, and arterial blood gases were monitored during the study. Results : (1) Median age was 56 years(male:female=4:3). (2) The baseline $PaO_2$ was $78{\pm}16mmHg$, which increased significantly to $269{\pm}116mmHg$(p=0.018) with CPAP. After the BAL, the $PaO_2$ did not decrease significantly but returned to the baseline level after the CPAP was discontinued. The $SpO_2$ showed a similar trend with the $PaO_2$ and did not decrease to below 90 % during the duration of the study. (3) The $PaCO_2$ increased and the pH decreased significantly after the BAL but returned to the baseline level within 30 min after the BAL. (5) No complications directly related to the BAL procedure were encountered. However, intubation was necessary in 3 patients(43 %) due to the progression of the underlying diseases. Conclusion : In severe hypoxemic patients, CPAP using a face mask and conventional mechanical ventilator during a BAL might allow minimal alterations in oxygenation and prevent subsequent respiratory failure.