• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

Pulmonary hamartomas are uncommon benign tumors, usually discovered radiologically as a solitary coin lesion in asymptomatic individual. The approach to the patient with a peripheral lung nodule has changed with the increasing acceptance of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) as a rapid, safe, inexpensive, and highly accurate diagnostic tool. However, a few reports describing the FNAC findings of pulmonary hamarioma have appeared in the cytologic literature and the experience of FNAC is limited. We reviewed all 9 cases of pulmonary hamartoma with histologic confirmation after FNAC seen at Asan Medical Center since 1995 to evaluate cytologic findings and to determine the value of FNAC in identifying that lesion. Originally, seven of nine patients were diagnosed as pulmonary hamartoma, while two patients were diagnosed as inflammatory lesion and adenocarcinoma of each. On review, eight of nine patients were considered as diagnostic of pulmonary hamartoma. The diagnostic findings in FNAC of pulmonary hamartoma were the presence of fibrillary myxoid tissue with spindle cells as well as hyaline cartilage.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.423-435
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• 1998

In acute pancreatitis group, all the dogs are showed increase of amylase and lipase after the 1st day of surgery, and amylase and lipase activity were significantly more increased than those of control group. The methemalbumin was increased significantly after the 2nd day of surgery in the acute pancreatitis group. In pancreatitis group, ultrasonographic findings included thickened duodenal wall and poorly circumscribed hyperechoic lesion of pancreatic mass after the 2nd day of surgery. And the lesion was exacerbated until the 4th day and reduced after the 6th day of surgery. To identify the lesion of pancreas, it is considered that transverse view is more useful Than sagittal view. Gross findings showed increase of pancreatic parenchymal consistency, surface nodule, and extensive pancreatic necrosis. Necrosis of peripancreatic fat tissue was also a prominent feature. The microscopic appearance of the pancreas was characterized by pancreatic acinar cell necrosis, hemorrhage, infiltration of the inflammatory cell and fat necrosis and saponification were also observed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2011

Eosinophilic granuloma is a common hypersensitive inflammatory skin disease in cats, and rare in dogs and horses. The skin biopsies of 5 years old female Cocker spaniel and 2 years old female mixed dog had the clinical signs of skin nodules with alopecia were submitted for diagnosis. Solitary skin nodules and papillary nodules were presented on the left external ear and back of Cocker spaniel and on the external ear of mixed dog, respectively. Histopathologically, epidermis of skin showed mild to severe hyperplasia with multifocal ulceration. Small to large irregular, brightly eosinophilic foci with degenerating eosinophils and homogeneous degenerated collagens were existed in the dermis of both ear and back skin. Typical 'flame figures', a mixture of degenerated collagen and degranulated eosinophils, were observed in both cases. Based on the histopathologic findings and special staining characters, 2 cases were diagnosed as canine eosinophilic granuloma. This is the first report for the eosinophilic granuloma of dogs in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2015

Benign vocal fold lesions, such as vocal nodules, polyps and Reinke's edema, usually result from chronic voice overuse. Conservative management such as voice therapy and pharmacotherapy are used as the primary treatment techniques. The main purpose of voice therapy is to identify and reduce voice misuse to achieve the optimal voice. But complete resolution may not be possible in all patients after voice therapy. Furthermore, some patients with voice-related occupations, voice rest and voice therapy are sometimes difficult, which makes it hard to carry out the treatment. When conservative therapy is ineffective, laryngeal microsurgery can be performed under general anesthesia. However, potential complications following laryngeal suspension and violation of the layered structure of the vocal fold during surgery should be considered before surgery. In recent decades, emerging literatures have demonstrated the potential usefulness of vocal fold steroid injection as an alternative treatment option for benign vocal fold lesions. The most advantageous feature of vocal fold steroid injection is the maintenance of regional anti-inflammatory effects while preventing the potential systemic adverse effects of the steroid. Many non-surgical treatment methods can be conducted using different approaches in the office setting. It can be applied as an alternative treatment modality for the management of various benign vocal fold lesions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2007

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory disorder in dogs. Although EC has been associated with various etiological factors, the precise cause of this disease remains unclear in human and animals. A 7-year-old female Yorkshire terrier was presented with 3-week-history of hematuria, dysuria, and suprapubic pain. A bladder mass in ventral surface and urinary calculi were noted on ultrasonography and gross findings. Biopsy sample was taken from the protruded mass of bladder for histopathologic examination. Hyperplastic transitional epithelium with focal ulceration covered the bladder mass. A large nodule of fibrous tissue that contained fibrocytes, fibroblasts, Iymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, numerous eosinophils, and abundant blood vessels was occupied in lamina propria and submucosa of bladder mass. Based on the clinical, gross, and histopathologic examinations, this case was diagnosed as EC in a dog. In our knowledge, this is the first report of an eosinophilic cystitis in dog in Korea.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.274-278
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• 2019

Orbital tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, even in endemic areas. It may involve the soft tissue, lacrimal gland, periosteum, or bones of the orbital wall. We present a case of orbital tuberculosis on the lower eyelid. An 18-year-old woman with no underlying disease visited our clinic for evaluation of an oval nodule ($1.5{\times}1.2cm$) on the right lower eyelid. Incision and drainage without biopsy was performed 2 months ago in ophthalmology department, but the periorbital mass had deteriorated, as the patient had erythematous swelling, tenderness, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Visual acuity was normal; there were no signs of proptosis, diplopia, or ophthalmoplegia. Computed tomography revealed a small abscess cavity without bony involvement. We performed an excision and biopsy through a percutaneous incision under local anesthesia. Histological examination revealed a granuloma and was diagnosed as orbital tuberculosis. The patient was additionally treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy for 6 months and recovered without complication or recurrence by 7 months. Orbital tuberculosis occurs in patients with or without associated pulmonary tuberculosis, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with inflammatory orbital disease and an orbital mass. If recurrence occurs despite adequate initial treatment, we recommend an additional examination and excisional biopsy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2021

Soft tissue filler injections are widely used due to their immediate effects, predictable results, and high stability. However, as the use of soft tissue filler injections has increased, various complications have been reported. We report a life-threatening complication in a patient who developed sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. A 45-year-old woman presented with right leg pain and discharge from the labia majora. The patient had received a soft tissue filler injection of unknown composition 1 year earlier and had recently undergone incision and drainage for an inflammatory cystic nodule. Antibiotic treatment was administered for cellulitis, but the infection progressed to necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. Fasciotomy and intensive care unit treatment improved the systemic infection, but the soft tissue filler injection site did not respond to treatment for 1 month. Thus, the injection site was covered with a pedicled vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap after wide excision. The area of skin necrosis on the leg was covered with split-thickness skin grafts. Infections occurring after soft tissue filler injections are related to biofilms, and treatment is sometimes difficult. Therefore, although soft tissue filler injections have a favorable safety profile, it is important to be aware of the risk of life-threatening complications.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.11.2-11
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• 1983

Vocal nodules and polyps are much more frequent in singers, public speakers, teachers and actors. Voice trauma and voice misuse, at times associated with mild inflammatory reaction, appear to be important in their etiology. It is generally agreed that vocal cord nodules and polyps are inflammatory in nature and they arise in the subepithelial layer of loose connective tissue of the vocal cord. Since the junction of anterior and middle thirds of the membranous cord and has the greatest amplitude of vibration. This is the site of predilection for vocal cord nodules. The author performed laryngomicrosurgery for 70 cases of vocal nodules and polyps at Ewha Womans University Hospital during the period of 5 years. The result obtained were as follows ; 1) Surgical excision is not necessarily the best approach because vocal nodules in the early stages will resolve with the simplest voice therapy. 2) In children, surgery is rarely indicated because most nodules in children regress during adolescence. 3) For patients who use their voices professionally, voice therapy is indicated for three months. 4) If after three month of conservative treatment the cord lesion does not improve and the patient it still dissatisfied with his voice, laryngomicrosurgery can then be considered. 5) The small cuffed endotracheal tube in the interarytenoid space helps to keep the cords immobile and in an abducted position. 6) Removal of the nodule shoule be started by gentle retraction posteriorly and as soon as a tear appears anterior to the nodule. 7) On occasion it is preferable to start the dissection with a siccle knife while the nodule is held on the stretch. 8) Voice rest should be maintained for a week following which the free edges of the cords are usually healed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 1991

Pneumconiosis is a sort of pulmonary fibrosis consequent to the inhalation of the respirable dusts. Thus, the pathogenesis of silicosis have concentrated largely on the early response of alveolar macrophage and the later fibroblastic stimulation. But the role of the other cells and continuing cell injury in the pathogenesis has not been fully studied. And the chemical factors such as prostaglandin, fibroblast stimulating factor and inhibiting factor and chemotaxin are also participated in the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis. In order to clarify the role of alveolar cells and prostaglandin, we investigated the changes of the cellularities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tissue pathology in the experimental silicosis with the time sequence. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups; control group received only intratracheal injection of 0.5 ml saline, silica group received the intratracheal instillation of 40 mg silica with the same amount saline, and aspirin group received 450 mg/kg of aspirin after silica instillation. The results were as follows: 1) The total cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the silica group markedly increased in comparison with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the silica and aspirin groups. 2) The percentages of alveolar macrophages to the total number of cells in the silica group tended to be lower than those in the control group and also lower than those in the aspirin group at the 1st week after silica instillation. 3) The percentages of neutrophils to the total number of cells in the silica group were significantly higher than those in the control group during the entire period and also higher than those in the aspirin group at the 3rd day after silica instillation. 4) In the silica group, the percentages of lymphocytes to the total number of cells were increased 143 progressively with the time course and those were significantly higher than those in the control group from the 3rd week after silica administration. There were marked differences of lymphocyte percentages between the silica and aspirin groups at the 1st week after silica instillation. 5) The inflammatory change was observed in the rat lung at the 1st day after silica instillation. Also the silicotic nodule appeared in the silica group at the 1st week but we could not find out that nodule in the aspirin group at that time. The fibrotic changes in the rat lung tended to be increased progressively with the time course, therefore, the diffuse fibrotic pattern appeared in the whole field at the 20th week after silica instillation. 6) By the electron microscopy, there were gradual increases of phagosomes and vacuoles in the alveolar macrophage in the silica group as compared with the control group. These results suggest that the neutrophils and the lymphocytes have also participated in the pulmonary fibrosis even though the alveolar macrophage has a major role, and prostaglandin mediate the inflammation and pulmanary fibrosis in the experimental silicosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a Pattern Diagnosis Instrument of Acne in traditional Korean Medicine. Methods : Data was collected by structured survey papers from 20 professors of The Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology Society(Delphi method). We investigated importance rates of the symptoms of each Pattern in the survey papers, then calculated Weighted Value of the symptoms. Results : Nine objective symptoms and nine subjective symptoms were selected by investigated importance rate in the survey from 20 professors of The Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology Society. In Wind-Heat pattern(WHP, 風熱型), inflammatory lesion of acne was the most important symptom. Oily skin, nodule and effect of menstruation are the most important symptoms in Dampness-Heat pattern(DHP, 濕熱型), Phlegm-Stasis pattern(PSP, 痰瘀型) and Disharmony of the thoroughfare and conception vessels pattern(DTCVP, 衝任不調型) each. Conclusions : The results might provide backgrounds and methods for clinical care of acne and follow-up study.