• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.947-957
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• 2008

Two-arm non-inferiority trials is often applied to parametric procedure suggested by Hauschke et al. (1999). Since this design does not allow a direct comparison of a new treatment group with placebo group, parametric procedure in a three-arm non-inferiority trial with a placebo group was suggested by Pigeot et al. (2003). But, procedures in these designs are necessary for distribution assumptions. Therefore we propose, in this paper, non parametric procedures employing Wilcoxon rank sum test in a two-arm design and linear contrast test suggested by Scheirer et al. (1976) in a three-arm design. The proposed nonparametric procedures and parametric procedures are compared by Monte Carlo simulation study.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.87.1-87.11
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• 2020

Background: A new, extended long-acting tilmicosin (TLAe) preparation was tested against intramammary ceftiofur (CEF) using a non-inferiority trial model during dry-cow therapy (DCT) in a farm with high bovine population density and deficient hygiene application. Objectives: To evaluate the possibility that TLAe administered parenterally can achieve non-inferiority status compared to CEF administered intramammary for DCT. Methods: Cows were randomly assigned to TLAe (20 mg/kg subcutaneous; n = 53) or CEF (CEF-HCl, 125 mg/quarter; n = 38 cows) treatment groups. California mastitis testing, colony-forming unit assessment (CFU/mL), and number of cases positive for Staphylococcus aureus were quantified before DCT and 7 d after calving. A complete cure was defined as no bacteria isolated; partial cure when CFU/mL ranged from 150 to 700, and cure-failure when CFU/mL was above 700. Results: TLAe and CEF had overall cure rates of 57% and 53% (p > 0.05) and S. aureus cure rates of 77.7% and 25%, respectively (p < 0.05). The pathogens detected at DCT and 7 days after calving were S. aureus (62.71% and 35.55%), Staphylococcus spp. (22.03% and 35.55%), Streptococcus uberis (10.16% and 13.33%), and Escherichia coli (5.08% and 15.55%). Non-inferiority and binary logistic regression analyses revealed a lack of difference in overall efficacies of TLAe and CEF. Apart from S. aureus, S. uberis was the predominant pathogen found in both groups. Conclusions: This study is the first successful report of parenteral DCT showing comparable efficacy as CEF, the gold-standard. The extended long-term pharmacokinetic activity of TLAe explains these results.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.505-532
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the growth period wounds, inferiority complex and personality disorder of teenaged students, which affected their mental health. The subjects in this study were 2,110 secondary students. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed. Whether there would be any differences among the adolescents in those factors were analyzed, and multiple regression analysis and path analysis were carried out. As a result, there were relatively more significant problems with the growth period wounds, inferiority complex, personality disorder and mental health of the students who were girls, who were high schoolers, whose household economy was more vulnerable and whose academic standing was lower. The growth period wound that exerted the largest significant influence on inferiority complex was happiness, followed by wound of security and wound of recognition, and the growth period wound that had the greatest significant impact on personality disorder was happiness, followed by wound of security, wound of confidence, wound of love and wound of equity. The growth period wound that exercised the biggest influence on mental health was happiness, followed by wound of security, wound of confidence, wound of love and wound of equity. As for the influence of the variables related to mental health, the indirect effects of the growth period wounds through personality disorder and inferiority complex were greater than their direct effects. The findings of the study suggest that growth period wounds are likely to lead to inferiority complex and personality disorder and ultimately to the injury of mental health, and indicate the importance of healthy family environments and of educational environments in the growth period.and mental health was analyzed, there was a statistically significant positive(+) correlation among all the variables. Third, the wound factors related to happiness and stability were identified as the factors that affected inferiority complex among the growth period wound factors. Personality disorder was found to be under the influence of the wound factors related to happiness, stability, love, confidence and a sense of equality in the growth period, and mental health was found to be affected by the wound factors related to happiness, stability, confidence, love and a sense of equality. Fourth, the growth period wounds had a direct impact on mental health, and inferiority complex played a significant mediating role at that time. Every subfactor of personality disorder also produced significant mediating effects except the wound factor of pride. The above-mentioned findings suggest that every possible effort should be made to let secondary students get hurt less to promote their mental health and resolve their mental health problems, and that professional counseling intervention and institutional assistance are required to help them to remove their inferiority complex and personality disorder.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 1990

The Purpose of this study is to grasp the general effects of measurement-related investment by industrial firms. We presupposed the hypothesis that the measurement-related investment affects the decrease of product inferiority rates and analyzed the investigation results by means of PIMS(Profit Improvement of Market Strategy) model. As the results, we found out that the firms with positive measurement-related investment showed for less inferiority rates of products considerably. This study put an emphasis on the verification results showing that the considerable increase of measurement-related investment decreases the product inferiority rate by the statistical methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1988

Ten anther-derived doubled haploid (ADH) and 10 maternally-derived doubled haploid fines (MDH) from NC 2326 were evaluated in the field to compare their performance. Both anther-derived doubled haploid and maternally-derived doubled haploid lines were agronomically inferior to selfed parental variety for many parameters, but the degree of inferiority of the MDH lines were not significantly different from the selfed parental variety for any character investigated. The inferiority of the ADH lines were, however, significantly different from the selfed parental variety for yield, leaf length and width , and days to flower.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.32
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• pp.233-242
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• 1994

This study deals with the derivative adverse minimum for inferiority system depends on continuose operating under infinite planning horizon. This planning will be accomplished by maintenance limit renewal policy in consideration of opportunity cost which affects system by failure during operation periods and expected cost under nomal operation states. By the results, we will be expected incresing total efficiency for the system by optimal renewal policy.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1349-1357
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• 2013

In clinical research, sample size determination is one of the most important things. There are parametric method using t-test and non-parametric method suggested by Kim and Kim (2007) based on Wilcoxon's rank sum test for determining sample size in non-inferiority trials. In this paper, we propose sample size calculation method based on placements method suggested by Orban and Wolfe (1982) and using the power calculated by Kim (1994) in non-inferiority trials. We also compare proposed sample size with that using Kim and Kim (2007)'s formula and that of t-test for parametric methods. As the result, sample size calculated by proposed method based on placements is the smallest. Therefore, proposed method based on placements is better than parametric methods in case that it's hard to assume specific distribution function for population and also more efficient in terms of time and cost than method based on Wilcoxon's rank sum test.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.242-249
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• 2020

Background The Exoscope is a novel high-definition digital camera system. There is limited evidence signifying the use of exoscopic devices in microsurgery. This trial objectively assesses the effects of the use of the Exoscope as an alternative to the standard operating microscope (OM) on the performance of experts in a simulated microvascular anastomosis. Methods Modus V Exoscope and OM were used by expert microsurgeons to perform standardized tasks. Hand-motion analyzer measured the total pathlength (TP), total movements (TM), total time (TT), and quality of end-product anastomosis. A clinical margin of TT was performed to prove non-inferiority. An expert performed consecutive microvascular anastomoses to provide the exoscopic learning curve until reached plateau in TT. Results Ten micro sutures and 10 anastomoses were performed. Analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in performing micro sutures for TP, TM, and TT. There was statistical significance in TM and TT, however, marginal non-significant difference in TP regarding microvascular anastomoses performance. The intimal suture line analysis demonstrated no statistically significant differences. Non-inferiority results based on clinical inferiority margin (Δ) of TT=10 minutes demonstrated an absolute difference of 0.07 minutes between OM and Exoscope cohorts. A 51%, 58%, and 46% improvement or reduction was achieved in TT, TM, TP, respectively, during the exoscopic microvascular anastomosis learning curve. Conclusions This study demonstrated that experts' Exoscope anastomoses appear non-inferior to the OM anastomoses. Exoscopic microvascular anastomosis was more time consuming but end-product (patency) in not clinically inferior. Experts' "warm-up" learning curve is steep but swift and may prove to reach clinical equality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.515-530
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to examine the empirical effect of participating motives for lifelong education on the releasing of controlled inferiority, the gratification of retained desire, and voluntary resocialization. The motives for lifelong education were divided into an external viewpoint focusing on consumers' behaviors and an internal viewpoint based on activity of the ego. External motives were divided into pragmatic, entertaining, and relational motives, while internal motives were divided into self-realization, self-existence, and self-participation motives. The results show that the pragmatic motive and the self-realization motive, the entertaining motive and the self-existence motive, and the relational motive and the self-participation motive are highly related to each other. It was found that the pragmatic motive and the self-realization motive affected the lifelong education participants' release of controlled inferiority relatively stronger, the entertaining motive and the self-existence motive affected participants' gratification of retained desire relatively stronger, the relational motive and the self-participation motive affected participants' voluntary resocialization relatively stronger.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.4 s.124
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• pp.34-40
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• 1987