• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate the differences in bone height, bone width, and visibility of posterior spiral tomographic images according to various exposure directions, image layer thickness, and inclination of the mandibular inferior border. Materials and Methods: Six partially and completely edentulous dry mandibles were radiographed using Scanora spiral tomography. Spiral tomography was performed at different exposure directions (dentotangential and maxillotangential projection), image layer thicknesses (2 mm, 4 mm and 8 mm), and at various inclinations to the mandibular border (+ 100, 00 and -10°). The bone height and width was measured using selected tomographic images. The visibility of mandibular canal, crestal bone, and buccal and lingual surfaces were graded as 0, 1, or 2. Results : The bone width at the maxillo-tangential projection was wider than at the dento-tangential projection (p < 0.05). The visibility of buccal and lingual surface at the maxillo-tangential projection was higher than at the dento-tangential projection (p<0.05). Thinner image layer thicknesses resulted in greater visibility of buccal and lingual surfaces (p < 0.05). Bone height was greatest in the -10° group, and at the same time the bone width of the same group was the narrowest (p < 0.05). The visibility of alveolar crest and buccal surface of the + 10° group was the highest, while the visibility of the mandibular canal was greatest in the 00 group. Conclusion: When spiral tomography is performed at the mandibular posterior portion for visualization prior to implant surgery, it is important that the inferior border of mandible be positioned as parallel as possible to the floor. A greater improvement of visibility can be achieved by maintaining a thin image layer thickness when performing spiral tomography.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.123-135
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• 2019

Elaphognathia monodi (Gurjanova, 1936) and Elaphognathia kikuchii Nunomura, 1992 are newly reported based on the materials collected from Wando Island and Jeju Island in Korea, respectively. Elaphognathia monodi is distinguished by the following characteristics: the lateral margin of the cephalon is narrowing posteriorly; the frontal border is slightly concave and has a small mediofrontal process, a pair of superior frontolateral processes, and a pair of inferior frontolateral processes. Elaphognathia kikuchii can be distinguished by the following characteristic features: the lateral margin of the cephalon is narrowing anteriorly; the frontal border has a small mediofrontal process and twelve pairs of simple setae along with concavity.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2004

This study was to evaluate and compare differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity of normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion. Normal occlusion (172 girls) and skeletal Class III malocclusion(191 girls) were classified according to diagnosis stone model and lateral cephalogram of Korean girls aging from 8 to 12 years. The concavity of inferior border, vertico-horizontal ratio of cervical vertebrae were observed and measured according to age. Differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity were evaluated. The results were as follows : 1. The concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae of normal occlusion and skeletal Class III had uniformly increased with age. 2. The vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae of girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class III had uniformly increased with age. 3. There was no significant difference in cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion in the concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae and in the vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae. The results in the study indicate that there is no significant difference of cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.169-172
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• 1984

The author observed a cystic lesion which had new radiographic entities in the 6 years old male patient and obtained the following features. 1. The main clinical feature is the swelling. 2. The lesion is situated on the buccal surface of a erupting mandibular first molar. 3. The affected molar is tilted, so that the apices are adjacent to the lingual plate of the mandible. 4. The affected molar is of normal morphology, caries-free and vital. 5. The radiographic feature is the cystic radiolucency which is extended over the buccal surface of the roots of the affected molar and slightly inferior to the root apices. 6. The dental papilla of the affected molar shows the lamina dura of relatively normal density and definitition. 7. The buccal surface shows the laminated new bone formation. 8. The inferior concave border of the lesion is delineated by a thick and calcified layer of cortical bone. 9. The lesion causes displacement of the developing second molar of which anterior cortex is partially destroyed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.147-160
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• 1989

Long face patients are characterized by excessive anterior facial height, lip incompetence at rest, anterior open bite, and gummy smile. A major problem is an inferior rotation of the posterior maxilla and upper molars. Long face patients have been the most difficult for orthodontist to treat successfully. In growing patients, the methods for impeding excessive vertical growth have been used high pull head gear, functional appliance, and combined type of two. One significant improvement comes from using a full arch splint to deliver force to the maxilla more vertically. In adult patients, orthodontic camouflage treatment is biomechanically difficult and doesn't work when the problem is primarilly vertical. Surgical maxillary impaction provides a means for successfully treating most of problems. Also, superior reposition of the chin via a mandibular inferior border osteotomy is effective in decrease of lower anterior facial height and correction of the poor chin-lip balance. Post-surgical stability and the physiologic response are good. The coordinated orthodontic and surgical treatment is necessary for solution the difficult skeletal deformity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.787-792
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• 1995

The obstruction of inferior vena cava(IVC) is uncommon condition. The classification is based on the obstructive sites of major anatomic segments of IVC. The main collateral pathways of interruption of IVC were central channels through ascending lumbar veins, intervertebral veins and azygos-hemiazygos complex. However, the complete obstruction of mid-portion of IVC, accompanying collateral cirulation with pericardiacophrenic vein was rarely reported. We had experienced a case of complete obstruction of mid-portion of IVC with lobulated left cardiac border, which was unforgettable characteristic finding on chest radiograph. It was confirmed by venographic examination that the lobulated left cardiac shadow was a collateral circulation of pericardiacophrenic vein.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.365-369
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• 2017

In clinical dentistry, botulinum toxin is generally used to treat the square jaw, bruxism, and temporomandibular joint diseases. Recently, this procedure has been expanded and applied for cosmetic purposes, and it is becoming a key task to be aware of the precise anatomical structure of the target muscles to be cautious during treatment and how to prevent side effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the anatomical structure of the superficial layer of masseter muscle and to provide a most effective botulinum toxin injection method through clinical anatomical consideration. It was observed that the muscle belly of superficial part of the superficial layer was originated from the deep to the aponeurosis of masseter muscle and descend, then changed gradually into the tendon structure attaching to the inferior border of the mandible. In this study, we named this structure deep inferior tendon. This structure was observed in all specimens. We conclude that the use of superficial layer and deep layer injection should be considered to prevent paradoxical masseteric bulging in consideration of the deep inferior tendon of superficial part of superficial layer of masseter muscle.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.408-414
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• 2011

Purpose: To correct breast ptosis, reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy have been developed in a way that minimizes complications. Recently, as the mean age of breast cancer occurrence is decreasing, the need for breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer is rising. If mastopexy is performed with breast reconstruction at the same time, the size of the normal breast and the new one is not quite different. We decided to apply Z-plasty, which is a widely-used technique in plastic surgery to lengthen or change the direction of tension of the tissue. Methods: From March 2008 to December 2009, we performed breast reconstruction in 6 patients with breast cancer and scar contracture. After breast reconstruction, mastopexy with Z-plasty was applied to correct the asymmetry. The new nipple-areolar complex is placed on the line connecting the midclavicle and the current nipple. The inferior border of the new areola corresponds with the inferior border of the original areola, and the superior border about 2 cm upward the original superior border. We drew two oblique lines connecting the medial end of the incision line lower to the nipple-areola complex and the lateral end of the inframammary fold for Z-plasty. The excess tissue between these two lines was removed and the new triangular flaps were put together. Results: The average age of patients was 42.6 years, aged from 36.1 to 48.1 The weight of removed tissue was between 54g and 95 g, with the mean of 74 g. The average distance from the midclavicle to the nipple was 24 cm before surgery, and 21 cm after the surgery. The average operation time per patient (1 mastopexy) was 45 minutes, and the patients were satisfied with the size and shape. Conclusion: Applying Z-plasty for the mastopexy on the normal breast ptosis is a relatively simple way to achieve symmetry in patients who need breast reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2011

Introduction: To correct the facial asymmetry by mandibular jaw surgery, it is important to know the anatomy of the mandible including the mandibular canal positioning of patients with facial asymmetry. This study was performed to evaluate the differences in the cross-sectional surface in the body of the mandible between the deviated side and opposite side in patients with facial asymmetry. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 37 adult patients composed of 2 groups, the asymmetry group (n=20) and non-asymmetry group (n=17). Using the cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) images, the distance from the buccal aspect of the mandibular canal to the outer aspect of the buccal cortex, distance from the buccal aspect of the mandibular canal to the inner aspect of the buccal cortex, distance from the inferior aspect of the mandibular canal to the inferior border of the mandible, thickness of the mandible, and cross-sectional surface area of the mandible were measured in each side of the mandible Results: The cross-sectional area of the mandible including the mandibular canal positioning in the deviated side was not statistically different from the opposite side in the asymmetry group. Only the distance from the inferior aspect of the mandibular canal to the inferior border of the mandible in the ramus area of the deviated side was significantly longer than opposite side. On the other hand, the bucco-lingual width of the asymmetry group was thinner than the non-asymmetry group. Conclusion: The cross-sectional area including the mandibular canal of the mandible did not appear to be modified by the facial asymmetry.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2005

Purpose: To Analyze the exit site of pin inserted at the anterior glenoid rim in the reconstruction of the Bankart lesion and SLAP lesion using transglenoid suture technique. Materials and Methods: In the twenty adult right cadeveric scapula, insertions of pin were performed using guide at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock of glenoid rim. We measured the exit site of dorsal surface of the scapula by medial distance from sagittal plane of lateral border of scapular spine and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine. Results: When the pin was inserted caudally within 10 degree, at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock, the medial distance from lateral border of the scapula is averaged 29.4, 19.2, 34.0 mm respectively and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine is averaged 15.0, 18.6, 17.2 mm respectively. When the pin was inserted caudally within 20-30 degree, the medial distance is averaged 14.6, 14.2, 15.8 mm respectively and the vertical distance is averaged 31.6, 31.9, 32.1 mm respectively. Conclusion: When the pin was inserted caudally within ten degrees using the guide, the pin exit appeared at the more medial side of the base of scapular spine and the more inferior of scapular spine. This can make the firm suture tied over scapular spine during repair SLAP and the Bankart lesion, and also prevent the injury of suprascapular nerve.