• Title/Summary/Keyword: Infectious pneumonia

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Disease Burden and Etiologic Distribution of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: Evolving Epidemiology in the Era of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

  • Heo, Jung Yeon;Song, Joon Young
    • Infection and chemotherapy
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.287-300
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    • 2018
  • Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in old adults. The incidence and etiologic distribution of community-acquired pneumonia is variable both geographically and temporally, and epidemiology might evolve with the change of population characteristics and vaccine uptake rates. With the increasing prevalence of chronic medical conditions, a wide spectrum of healthcare-associated pneumonia could also affect the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiological changes associated with community-acquired pneumonia over the decades since pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction.

A Case on Streptococcal Pneumonia Associated with Leptomeningitis, Osteomyelitis and Epidural Abscess in a Patient with AIDS

  • Jeon, Jae Woong;Yoon, Hee Jung;Kim, Joo Seok;Ryu, Il Hwan;Choi, Ji Wook;Kim, Min Gyu;Na, Young Min;Yun, Hyeon Jeong
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.76 no.2
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    • pp.80-83
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    • 2014
  • Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at higher risks of bacterial pneumonia than the general population, and the pathogen is the most commonly involved Streptococcus pneumoniae. We hereby report a case of pneumococcal pneumonia associated with leptomeningitis, osteomyelitis and epidural abscess in a patient with AIDS. He is being successfully treated with ampicillin/sulbactam and clindamycin. And because the pneumococcal infection is usually associated with morbidity and mortality rates in the setting of AIDS, we should consider for pneumococcal vaccinations among the AIDS populations.

A Case of Thickened Gallbladder Wall and Pneumonia in a Child with Infectious Mononucleosis (담낭염과 폐렴을 동반한 전염성 단핵구증 1례)

  • Kim, Hyun Soo;Kim, Hyung Suk;Shin, Young Kyoo;Eun, Baik Lin;Park, Sang Hee;Cha, Sang Hoon
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.167-173
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    • 1997
  • Acute infectious mononucleosis, caused by Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), is a self limited lymphoproliferative illness that is common in adolescents and young adults. It shows many complications in multiple organ systems, but the hepatobiliary and the respiratory complication is uncommon. We report a case with thickened gallbladder wall and pneumonia as complications of acute infectious mononucleosis in a child. Also the related literature were reviewed. A 4 year old boy presented with a history of high fever, cough, and abdominal distension for 20days. Physical Examination revealed audible crackles in whole lung field and gross hepatomegaly. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia and liver function tests were abnormal. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a thickened gallbladder wall and hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis of primary Epstein-Barr viral infection was eventually made by specific serologic tests. The patients's fever subsided 6 weeks later and pneumonia was recovered around this time. Liver function tests returned near normal 2 months later and ultrasonography of gallbladder was normal at this time.

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Vaccines for Prevention of Otitis Media and Pneumonia in Children (소아의 중이염 및 폐렴 예방을 위한 백신)

  • Lee, Hoan Jong
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2009
  • Acute otitis media (AOM) and pneumonia are among the most common infectious diseases of children. Both are mucosal infections and share many common features such as etiological agents, pathogenesis and immunity. Influenza plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AOM and pneumonia. A vaccine against influenza may have substantial impact on these diseases during the influenza season. In clinical trials, influenza vaccine has reduced the incidence of AOM and pneumonia complicating influenza in children. However, the efficacy of vaccines has been controversial in children less than 2 years of age. Similarly, vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), both common causes of AOM and pneumonia, have the potential to reduce the impact of disease. Clinical trials showed that the currently licensed 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), administered during infancy, had an efficacy of 6-7% for the prevention of AOM, however, visits to the clinic for AOM were reduced by up to 20-30% after routine use in the U.S. Both Hib and PCVs have a proven effectiveness of >20% for prevention of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children. The recently introduced pnuemococcal vaccine conjugated with protein D is expected to reduce AOM and pneumonia caused by non-typable H. influenzae, in addition to its effects on pneumococcal diseases. Considering their high incidence in children, recent achievements in the prevention of AOM and pneumonia with vaccines may have a significant economic and social impact.

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Respiratory Review of 2010: Pneumonia (호흡기내과 의사를 위한 폐렴 리뷰)

  • Kim, Yun-Seong
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.68 no.6
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    • pp.319-327
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    • 2010
  • Pneumonia represents a spectrum of diseases that range from community-acquired to health care-associated pneumonia. Despite advances in diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care, pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in elderly patients and in those with significant comorbidities. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease in Korea. This article provides a synopsis of recent studies regarding various types of pneumonia, with a focus on CAP.

Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  • Restrepo, Marcos I.;Sibila, Oriol;Anzueto, Antonio
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.81 no.3
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    • pp.187-197
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    • 2018
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent comorbid condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is the most common infectious disease condition. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of pneumonia in patients with COPD. We will evaluate the epidemiology and factors associated with pneumonia. We are discussing the clinical characteristics of COPD that may favor the development of infections conditions such as pneumonia. Over the last 10 years, there is an increased evidence that COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids are at increased risk to develp pneumonia. We will review the avaialbe information as well as the possible mechanism for this events. We also discuss the impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in the prevention of pneumonia in COPD patients.

AIDS Related Opportunistic Infections, Going but not Gone

  • Samuel, Rafik;Bettiker, Robert-L.;Suh, Byungse
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.215-228
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    • 2002
  • It is now more than two decades since the AIDS epidemic began with a cluster of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in a community of homosexual men. Since then, many other infections have been characterized as opportunistic infections secondary to HIV infection. These include, but are not limited to, infections with Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), and Cryptococcus neoformans. Over the last two decades, there have been dramatic improvements in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of all these infections. As a result, in North America and Western Furope the rates of opportunistic infections secondary to AIDS have decreased substantially. We will review these common opportunistic infections below.

A Case of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia with Febrile Neutropenia in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (호중구 감소된 급성 림프구성 백혈병환아에서 발생한 Pneumocystis carinii 폐렴 1례)

  • Choi, Young Hwan;Min, Ki Sik;Kim, Jong Wan;Kim, Kwang Nam;Ryoo, Ki Yang
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.174-182
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    • 1997
  • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients and it is also known of major cause of death in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After consolidation chemotherapy, acute lymphoblastic leukemia children is developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia frequently no an opportunistic infection but there were no controlled studies which have been performed to evaluate the usefulness of corticosteroid in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We experienced a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with febrile neutropenic 6 years old girl. She was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and prednisone. We report this case with brief review of related literature.

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A Case of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in an Infant with Failure to Thrive (성장 장애를 보인 영아에서 발현된 주폐포자충 폐렴 1례)

  • Kong, Sun Hui;Lee, Ho Jun;Kim, Soo Yeon;Kim, Hak Sung;Lee, Dong Woo;Kim, Jae Yoon
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.95-99
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    • 2005
  • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an infectious disease which is highly prevalent in the group of immunosuppressed patients, particularly with hematologic tumors as lymphomas and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS), severe malnutrition, organ transplantations, high dose corticosteroid therapy. Some cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants with primary immune deficiency were already reported. The authors present a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed in an infant who suffered from 10 days of poor feeding and failure to thrive and not included in the risk groups listed above. He had bilateral interstitial infiltrations on the chest radiography, diagnosed as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after Gomori-methenamine silver staining of his sputum that was taken through tracheal intubation. He improved after administering Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 14 days.

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