• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.262-267
• /
• 2007

Implantation of allografts has increased widely with not only the availability of many allogenic bone but also allogenic soft tissues. The aim of tissue banking is to provide surgeons with safe tissues compatible with their intended clinical application. The incidence of tissue transplant-transmitted infection is unknown and can only be inferred from prospective studies. The possibility of donor-to-recipient disease transmission through soft tissue transplantation can be considered by reviewing the risk associated with other transplanted hard tissues. Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections have been transmitted via transplantation of soft tissue allografts such as skin, cornea, dura, pericardium. fascia lata, and heart valves. Corneas have transmitted rabies, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), hepatitis B (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), bacteria, and fungi. Heart valves have been implicated in transmitting tuberculosis, hepatitis B. HIV-1 and CMV. CJD has been transmitted by dura and pericardium transplants. Skin has transmitted CMV, bacteria, and fungi. Cadaveric skin, pericardium, dura, and fascia lata have been used in dental patients with intra-oral soft tissue injuries and GBR. This study is review of the considering transmission of infectious disease in allogenic soft tissues and guidelines of reducing the risk. Prior to use, many tissues are exposed to antibiotics, disinfectants, and sterilants, which further reduce or remove the risk of transmitted disease. Because some soft tissue grafts cannot be subjected to sterilization steps, the risk of infectious disease transmission remains and thorough donor screening and testing is especially important.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.370-375
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The number of cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections has sharply increased in Korea, especially among young adults. In this study, an HAV outbreak in a facility for disabled people was investigated, and we found epidemiological differences both between 2 different generations and between generally abled and disabled groups. Methods: We analyzed the incubation period and attack rate of an HAV outbreak and investigated the prevalence of HAV antibodies among the staff and residents of a facility for the disabled. We performed a retrospective cohort study during the HAV outbreak, which lasted from February 8 to 25, 2019, including examinations of HAV antibody tests and post-exposure HAV vaccination for the staff or residents of the facility. Results: There were 9 confirmed cases in 2 staff members and 7 residents. Among 53 people (30 staff and 23 residents), except for the 9 confirmed cases and 1 staff member with a known history of HAV infection, HAV seroprevalence was seen in 16.7% of the staff under 40 years of age and 95.2% of those over 40 years of age, while the corresponding rates in the residents were 0.0% and 58.8%, respectively. Conclusions: This result implies that it is necessary to prioritize HAV vaccination for vulnerable groups and workers of residential care facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.704-713
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative weight of infectious disease vulnerability indicators that affect the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases in local communities. For this, the infectious disease vulnerability indicators were classified as facilities vulnerable to spread, vulnerable groups of infections, social vulnerable conditions, and response capabilities based on literature and case review, and the relative weights among indicators were determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) by 22 experts. As a result of the analysis, the weight of each sector was found to be the highest in the facilities vulnerable to spread, and the overall weight was highest in the following order: sickbed securing rate(1st), density of religious facilities(2nd), medical personnel rate(3rd), elderly person ratio(4th), and entertainment establishment density(5th). These results can be used to prepare the supporting data necessary for the establishment of infectious disease response policies of local governments.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the educational status and needs of both parents and kindergarten teachers pertaining to the prevention of infectious diseaes in children. Methods : The participants were 280 parents and 147 kindergarten teachers. Data were collected from August 21, 2013 to December 30, 2014. Results : Only 16.7% of parents had educational experience with infectious diseases. The source of their education was broadcast media and their preferred educational method was the internet. Parents reported that the childhood infection about which they should be educated were influenza (30.4%) followed by hand-foot-and-mouth disease (13.9%), food poisoning (6.4%), and so on. About 27.2% of kindergarten teachers had received an education about infectious diseases, and the major source of their education was refresher training. The teachers' preferred educational method was the internet. The teachers wanted to be educated about influenza (22.4%), hand-foot-and-mouth disease (20.4%), food poisoning (20.4%) and so on. Conclusions : Educational programs should be developed and applied to children, parents and kindergarten teachers based on consideration of their educational needs.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.1416-1435
• /
• 2021

Non-infectious granulomatous lung disease represents a diverse group of disorders characterized by pulmonary opacities associated with granulomatous inflammation, a relatively nonspecific finding commonly encountered by pathologists. Some lesions may present a diagnostic challenge because of nonspecific imaging features; however, recognition of the various imaging manifestations of these disorders in conjunction with patients' clinical history, such as age, symptom onset and duration, immune status, and presence of asthma or cutaneous lesions, is imperative for narrowing the differential diagnosis and determining appropriate management of this rare group of disorders. In this pictorial review, we describe the pathologic findings of various non-infectious granulomatous lung diseases as well as the radiologic features and high-resolution computed tomography imaging features.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.23 no.8
• /
• pp.1167-1175
• /
• 2013

Paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease is one of the most serious chronic debilitating diseases of ruminants worldwide that is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP is a slow-growing bacterium that has very long latent periods, resulting in difficulties in diagnosing and controlling the disease, especially regarding the diagnosis of fecal shedders of MAP without any clinical signs. Based on this situation, attempts were made to identify biomarkers that show early responses to MAP infection in a macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. In response to the infection with the bacterium, a lot of genes were turned on and/or off in the cells. Of the altered genes, three different categories were identified based on the time-dependent gene expression patterns. Those genes were considered as possible candidates for biomarkers of MAP infection after confirmation by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at discovering the host transcriptomic biomarkers of PTB, although further investigation will be required to determine whether these biomarker candidates are associated within the natural host.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.484-494
• /
• 2018

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), which occurred in the Middle East in 2015, is the most acute respiratory infectious disease in Korea. The limitations of the government's ability to respond to the spread of MERS and the inadequate communication of the government to the public have reduced the public's confidence in the government's infectious disease management policy. And it became an opportunity to raise awareness that infectious diseases could easily break down the national anti-virus system. Therefore, this study investigated the emergency response system of the infectious disease in the United States and sought to improve the infection control system in Korea. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we analyzed the government's response to the MERS in 2015, analyzed the organization structure and role of the US CDC, and IMS.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
• /
• v.59 no.9
• /
• pp.1064-1071
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To explore the influence of S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) knockout (KO) on methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Materials and Methods: S100A4 KO mice (n=20) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts (n=20) were randomly divided into KO/MCD, Ko/methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS), WT/MCD, and WT/MCS groups. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood lipid and liver function-related indexes were measured. HE, Oil Red O, and Masson stainings were used to observe the changes of liver histopathology. Additionally, expressions of S100A4 and proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, while hepatocyte apoptosis was revealed by TUNEL staining. Results: Serum levels of aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice were increased after 8-week MCD feeding, and hepatocytes performed varying balloon-like changes with increased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fibers; however, these effects were improved in mice of KO/MCD group. Meanwhile, total NAFLD activity scores and fibrosis were lower compared to WT+MCD group. Compared to WT/MCS group, S100A4 expression in liver tissue of WT/MCD group was enhanced. The expression of proinflammatory ($TGF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6) and profibrogenic cytokines ($TGF-{\beta}1$, COL1A1, ${\alpha}-SMA$) in MCD-induced NAFLD mice were increased, as well as apoptotic index (AI). For MCD group, the expressions of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines and AI in KO mice were lower than those of WT mice. Conclusion: S100A4 was detected to be upregulated in NAFLD, while S100A4 KO alleviated liver fibrosis and inflammation, in addition to inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.26 no.8
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 2021

This paper intends to draw implications for preparing for Post-Corona in the health field and policy fields as the global pandemic is experienced due to COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the news and trends of media companies through temporal analysis of the three infectious diseases, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), in which the domestic infectious disease preventive system was active throughout the first year of the outbreak. To this end, by using the news analysis program of the Korea Press Foundation 'Big Kinds', the number of news articles per year was digitized based on the period when each infectious disease had an impact on Korea, and major trends were implemented and analyzed in a word cloud. As a result of the analysis, the number of articles related to infectious diseases peaked when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a warning and (suspicious) confirmed cases occurred. According to keyword and word cloud analysis, 'infectious disease outbreak and major epidemic areas', 'prevention authorities', and 'disease information and confirmed patient information' were found to be the main common features, and differences were derived from the three infectious diseases. In addition, the current status of the infodemic was identified by performing word cloud analysis on information in uncertainty. The results of this study are significant in that they were able to derive the roles of the health authorities and the media that should be preceded in the event of a new disease epidemic through previously experienced infectious diseases, and areas to be rearranged.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.136-138
• /
• 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a newly emerging infectious disease worldwide, can be categorized as an occupational disease, because employees, particularly in the healthcare system, can be infected at the workplace. As of December 15, 2020, we summarized the occupational safety and health practices in selected countries on the recognition of COVID-19 as one of the occupational risks. The situation has differed among countries, including the recognition status and whether a specific regulation existed. International organizations, namely the International Labour Organization, World Health Organization, and European Union, should plan and conduct studies on the work-relatedness of COVID-19, propose criteria for recognition, and add the infection to the occupational disease list to provide a basis for specific country regulations. Stakeholders should also act to adjust country-level legislation.