• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 2016

The trematodes of Genus Nasitrema are the most common infection in the heads of small odontocetes. Five species of Nasitrema have been described in Asia. But those parasites has been not surveyed in the East Sea of Korean peninsula. There are no evidence of pathology associated with Nasitrema attenuate. To determine the infection ratio of N. attenuata in the dolphin, it was surveyed 9 long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis, caught incidentally from Samcheok to Pohang, East Sea, Korea. Five males and four females, estimated to be between 1 to 10 years old, were examined. The quantity of N. attenuata harvested by aspiration from pterygoid sinuses ranged from 10 to 100 with a 100% (9/9) infection with older dolphins exhibiting higher parasite counts. The body of trematoda was elongated with tegumental patches resembling the leaves of lilies and oral sucker located ventrally at the anterior terminal. Esophagus was absent and intestinal bifurcation arose immediately from the posterior of pharynx. The undulated intestinal caeca transversed the entire body and terminated at the posterior extremity of the worm. The genital pore opened anterior to the ventral sucker. This report confirms the prevalence and morphology of N. attenuata in the dolphins from the East Sea, Korea.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1980

This study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of A. lumbricoides infection in a rural area of Korea. The 307 residents of all age group in Gumsa Myun, Yeo Ju Gun were examined by Kato's cellophane thick smear technique. Pyrantel pamoste was administered to the Ascaris infection cases by a single dose of 5mg/kg of body weight. The whole amount of 24 hour stool during two or three consecutive days were collected sepatately. The expelled A. lumbricoides worms from the unfiltered stool remnants were collected. They were measured by the length and weight, and the sex of the worms were differentiated. The results are as follows: 1) The incidence of A. lumbricoids infection of the 307 specimens examined was 40.1%(male: 40.9%, female:39.0%). The difference according to guman sex distribution was not statistically significant. 2) Seventy two Ascaris infected cases expelled 163 worms of various size. The mean number of worms per infected case were calculated as 2.3. The sex ratio of examined female and male Ascaris was 1.5:1 3) Among the expelled 97 female worms, the genital girdle were found in 60 female worms(61.9%). Genital girdle of gemale worm was located from the head in the position of $38{\pm}4$ of total length 100. 4) The average body length of male Ascaris was $16.3{\pm}3.1cm$ and female Ascaris was $21.7{\pm}3.5cm$ 5) The relationship between the weight(Y) and the length(X) of individual Ascaris worm was plotted. Y(gm).0.32$\fallingdotseq$(cm)-3.1 in female and Y(gm)$\fallingdotseq$0.1X(cm)-0.1 in male.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1988

To observe the clinical course and intestinal histopathology in heavy infection of Fibricola seoulensis, an experimental study was performed in mice. Clinical, experimental infection with 1, 000 metacercariae. On the 11th day after infection, the mice began to die and all of the infected mice were dead by the 16th day. The infected mice showed gradual weight loss. Occult blood was detected after the 10th day. Diarrhea accurred after the 9th day and was recognized in all of the infected mice on the 12th day. Hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased significantily after the 12th day, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased in all infected mice. The histopathological changes were more marked in the duodenum than in the jejunum or ileum. Major changes were villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, with decreased villus/crypt ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration and stromal edema. The present results suggest that the cause of death of mice heavily infected with F. seoulensis should be malnutrition and severe fluid loss due to malabsorption, together with intestinal bleeding.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.441-448
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and its related factors on the Clonorchis sinensis(C.S.) of inhabitants at Goksung-gun, Chollanam-do. After the population was stratified by gender, age, resident area, 651 residents living in eight villages were sampled by cluster sampling method. We interviewed the subjects to survey the various characteristics using the questionnaire, and examined stools to confirm the infection of C.S. from November to December, 1998. The prevalence of C.S. was 19.0%. The factors related with the infection of C.S. were male(adjusted odds ratio, of female=1.71, 95% confidence interval=1.07-2.72), 45-64 year old group(aOR of under 45 year old group=2.16. 95% CI=1.21-3.85), above 65 year old group(aOR of under 45 year old group=2.34, 95% CI=1.31-4.15), basin villagers(aOR of inland villagers=2.34, 95% CI=1.31-4.15), current drinker(aOR of nondrinker=1.83, 95% CI=1.12-2.98), those who took raw fish(aOR of persons who didn't it or take cooked fish=2.09, 95% CI=1.21-3.88) and persons who know the infection status(aQR of the persons who didn't know it=0.57, 95% CI=0.37-0.89). In conclusion, these results suggest that several life styles such as ingestion of raw fish, drinking habit. So we think that it is necessary to set up the efficient management programs for the treatment and prevention of C.S. infection.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.859-866
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• 2015

Virus disease surveys on barley cultivation areas in Jeonnam Jeonbuk Gyungnam Gyungbuk-do were conducted during 2014-2015. In this study, we detected Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) by RT-PCR from barley leaves. These viruses are of great economic importance for wheat and barley, causing significant quantitative and qualitative losses in yield. The result of investigation showed that the field incidence of BaYMV in Buan, Gimje was more than 90% in 2014. The infection field rate of barley virus including Boseong, Gangjin, Haenam, Jangheung in Jeonnam was ${\approx}$ 30%. In 2014, double infections by BaYMV and BaMMV was detected in Boseong, Gangjin, Haenam and Jangheung. Only as a low rate BaYMV occurred in various fields of Jeonbuk in 2015. At the same time high infection field ratio of 70% was observed in Gunsan. Also in Yeonggwang was double infection of BaYMV and BaMMV. BaYMV occurred single infection has been confirmed in all of the study area of Gyungbuk and Gyungnam except for Goseong during the investigation period.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

Purpose : The Purposes of this study are to identify the circulating etiologic viruses of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children and to understand the relation with clinical diagnosis. Methods : We obtained a total of 418 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children admitted for their acute lower respiratory tract infections at three tertiary hospitals in Seoul from September 2008 to March 2009. We performed multiplex RT-PCR to identify 14 etiologic viruses and analyzed their emerging patterns and clinical features. Results : Average age of patients was 16.4 months old and the ratio of male to female was 1.36. Viruses were detected in 56.2% of a total of 418 samples. Respiratory syncytial virus (35%) was the most frequently detected and followed by human rhinovirus (22%), human bocavirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and human coronavirus. Co-infection reached 21.9 % of positive patients. Conclusion : When we manage the patients with acute lower respiratory infectious diseases, we should remind the role of various viral pathogens, which might be circulating by seasons and by local areas.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2006

Background: $Clonorchis$ $sinensis$ is an important human parasite that is usually found in the biliary tract. It is widely distributed in East Asia in Taiwan, Japan, China and Korea. About 2 million people are estimated to be infected with $C.$ $sinensis$ in Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the state of infestation and clinical aspects of $C.$ $sinensis$. Material and Methods: We evaluate 1,063 patients with clonorchiasis retrospectively at Yeungnam University Hospital and Health Promotion Center from January 2001 to December 2003. All patients were diagnosed by a positive stool test for $C.$ $sinensis$ eggs. Clinical features, laboratory data and imaging studies were evaluated. Results: The ratio between affected males and females was 3.6 : 1. The highest infection rate was noted in the 40-60 age groups regardless of sex. The infection rate of $C.$ $sinensis$ among the residents of urban areas was higher than in rural areas. There were 813 (76.5%) patients who were asymptomatic. Common symptoms included right upper abdominal pain in 7.6% and epigastric pain in 7.2%. For the laboratory studies, serum ALP and GGT levels were within normal limits in 85.2% and 56.0% respectively. Peripheral eosinophilia was noted in 66.1% of cases. Of the 83 cases undergoing ERCP, 27 cases (32.5%) showed peripheral dilatation of the intrahepatic duct. Conclusion: This study suggests that $C.$ $sinensis$ infection is still endemic even in rural areas of Korea and that asymptomatic infections are common. Further work should be focused on the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with subclinical infection.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2006

Streptococcosis of olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important bacterial disease in Jeju island. In this study, we investigated monthly infection pattern of this disease in different size of the flounder fish. Even though the disease occurred throughout the year, the infection ratio was relatively higher in the months with warm water season. The infection was more prevalent in adult flounder over 30 cm total length compare to these of small size fish. Two infectious species of streptococcosis pathogens were detected by multiplex PCR assay. Detection ratios of Streptococcus iniae and S. parauberis reached up to 46% and 54%, respectively, from June 2003 to May 2005 in Jeju island. S. iniae occurred intensively from September to October, whereas S. parauberis reported from March to May. S. iniae and S. parauberis infections of cultured flounder share some common features, but clinical findings showed considerable differences between two diseases. Distended abdomen, protruded anus and ascitic fluid in the peritoneal cavity are evident lesions detected in S. iniae infection, whereas, flounders infected by S. parauberis showed prominent lesions such as darkened surface and haemorrhaging in the non-ocular side. Both streptococcosis pathogens were sensitive to antibiotics, such as ampicillin and amoxicillin. However, S. iniae strains were more sensitive to doxycycline, erythromycin and oxytetracycline than S. parauberis strains.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2022

Felids are the unique definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii. The intestine of felid is the only site for initiating Toxoplasma gondii sexual reproduction. T. gondii excretes millions of infectious oocysts from the intestine, which are the primary source of infection. There are many difficulties in developing vaccines and drugs to control oocyst excretion due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model. Here, we established an in vitro feline intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) infection system and an efficient animal model of T. gondii Chinese 1 genotype, Wh6 strain (TgCtwh6). The Kunming mice brain tissues containing TgCtwh6 cysts were harvested 42-day post-infection. The bradyzoites were co-cultured with cat IECs in vitro at a ratio of 1:10. Five 3-month-old domestic cats were orally inoculated with 600 cysts each. The oocysts were detected by daily observation of cat feces by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. We found that the parasite adhered and invaded cat IECs in vitro, transformed into tachyzoites, and then divided to form rose-like structures. These parasites eventually destroyed host cells, escaped, and finished the asexual reproduction process. Schizonts associated with sexual reproduction have not been observed during development in vitro cultured cells. However, schizonts were detected in all infected cat intestinal epithelial cells, and oocysts were presented in all cat feces. Our study provides a feasible cell model and an efficient infection system for the following studies of T. gondii sexual reproduction, and also lays a foundation to develop drugs and vaccines for blocking excretion and transmission of oocysts.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze by age group the characteristics of patients with dog bite injuries, as well as determine which factors were associated with wound infections in those patients. Methods: We reviewed patients with dog bite injuries who presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center in Incheon, Korea from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. They were classified by age group: children (0-18 years), adults (19-59 years), or elderly (≥60 years). Event profiles, wound characteristics, and infections were compared across these age groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with wound infections. Results: Of the total 972 dog bite injuries, 272 (28.0%) were in children, 606 (62.3%) were in adults, and 94 (9.7%) were in the elderly. The median age was 30 years (interquartile range, 16-48 years) and the majority of patients (60.5%) were female. The most common place of injury was at home (73.8%) and indoors (77.0%). In children, the head and neck were the most frequent sites of injury (43%), while the most frequent site in adults and the elderly (50.8% and 59.6%, respectively) was the upper extremity. The odds ratio (OR) for wound infection was 3.997 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.279-12.491; P=0.017) for head and neck injuries and 3.881 (95% CI, 1.488-10.122; P=0.006) for lower extremity injuries. The OR for wound infection was 4.769 (95% CI, 2.167-10.494; P<0.001) for significant injuries. Elderly patients had a higher risk for wound infection than other age groups (OR, 2.586; 95% CI, 1.221-5.475; P=0.013). Conclusions: When analyzing patients with dog bite injuries, differences across age groups were found, with the elderly at the highest risk for significant injury and wound infection. It is recommended that age-specific approaches and strategies be used to prevent dog bite wound infections.