• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.467-477
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• 2007

Purpose: To identify the effects of a training program on the knowledge of, attitudes towards child infection, and infection prevention behaviors in staff of daycare centers. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design study was conducted with 34 staff of 6 daycare centers over 3 months. The staff in the 3 centers designated as the experimental centers received the training program weekly for 8 weeks. The program included on-site education for one and half hours and monitoring of infection prevention behaviors. Knowledge and attitudes of the staff were measured, and their infection prevention behaviors were observed and recorded by research assistants before and after the program. $X^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-test with SPSS Win program were used to analyze the data. Results: The group of staff who received the training program recorded higher scores in knowledge, attitudes, and their infection prevention behaviors compared with staff in the control group. Conclusion: This finding suggests that the training program had a significant impact on knowledge, attitude, and infection prevention behaviors of staff which could prevent child infection in daycare centers. Nurses need to be involved in daycare centers for the health of the children, and they could intervene effectively in child infections by using this program.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Deep neck infections, which affect soft tissues and fascial compartments of the head and neck and their contents, have decreased after the develop ment of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. However they may still result in significant morbidity and mortality despite the use of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. Materials and Methods : A retrospective study was performed on 66 deep neck infections in patients admitted for diagnosis and treatment at Asan medical center from June 1994 to December 2000. Results : Age of the patients varied from 1 to 86-year-old and sex ratio of male to female was 1.2：1. Most frequently involved site was submandibular space (21.2%). Most common cause of infection was dental disease (28.8%). The isolated pathogenic organisms were Streptococcus species in 19 cases, Staphylococcus species in 7 cases, Klebsiella in 5 cases, mixed infection of Staphylococcus and Klebsiella in 3 cases and a case of Corynebacterium. 51 cases were treated surgically, 15 cases were medically. Mean duration of admission was 9.6 days in cases of single space infection, 17.5 days in multiple spaces, 8.1 days when the infection resulted in cellulitis, 13.4 days in abscess, 7.9 days when the infection treated medically and 13.4 days when treated surgically. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment is important to manage deep neck infection and the duration of admission was increased when the infection involved multiple spaces.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

Purpose: Recently an experience in the MERS crisis focused on the importance of infection control in hospitals. According to Korean National healthcare-associated Infection Surveillance System (KONIS) of the KSICP, a great number of 498 people, 841 people, and 1021 people were infected by pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and bacteremia respectively from 94 hospital ICUs during the year of 2014. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the configuration and design guidelines for the ICU rooms to minimize the nosocominal infections. Methods: Based on the several infection control guidelines and revised Medical Law, consequent analyses which classified the planning and operational behavior in the ICUs of seven hospitals, were performed to reduce the cross-infection. Results: The results of this study are offering a space, configuration and design guidelines for effective infection control in the intensive care units through the unit-bed area, the bed-to-bed distance, the isolation room, etc. Implications: It is expected that this study propose the direction of architectural planning and guideline for the ICU room in order to realize the intension of revised Medical Law.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.289-299
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• 2000

This study provides an application of datamining approach to CQI(Continuous Quality Improvement) using the discharge summary. First, we found a process variation in hospital infection rate by SPC (Statistical Process Control) technique. Second, importance of factors influencing hospital infection was inferred through the decision tree analysis which is a classification method in data-mining approach. The most important factor was surgery followed by comorbidity and length of operation. Comorbidity was further divided into age and principal diagnosis and the length of operation was further divided into age and chief complaint. 24 rules of hospital infection were generated by the decision tree analysis. Of these, 9 rules with predictive prover greater than 50% were suggested as guidelines for hospital infection control. The optimum range of target group in hospital infection control were Identified through the information gain summary. Association rule, which is another kind of datamining method, was performed to analyze the relationship between principal diagnosis and comorbidity. The confidence score, which measures the decree of association, between urinary tract infection and causal bacillus was the highest, followed by the score between postoperative wound disruption find postoperative wound infection. This study demonstrated how datamining approach could be used to provide information to support prospective surveillance of hospital infection. The datamining technique can also be applied to various areas fur CQI using other hospital databases.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of an infection control program on the Clonorchis sinensis (CS) infection ratio, CS-related knowledge and health behavior of people living near the Geum River. Method: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used with 102 participants. For 12 months the participants were provided with promotion announcements, health education, counseling, and medication. Outcome variables measured were the CS infection ratio by stool examination, CS-related knowledge and health behavior from self-report questionnaires. The pre intervention data were collected from January to February 2008 and the post intervention data during the same period in 2009. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, generalized estimating equation analysis, and paired t-test with SPSS for Windows version 15.0. Results: In the pre test 21 of the 102 participants showed infection with CS for the first time. In the post test 9 were newly infected with CS, and one was re-infected. The CS-related knowledge was significantly improved after the infection control program (p<0.05). The CS-related health behaviors did not improve. Conclusion: These results showed that an infection control program is effective in decreasing CS infection ratio and improving CS-related knowledge of people living near the river.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2021

Treatment guidelines for postnatal cytomegalovirus (pCMV) infection in preterm have not been established yet. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, colitis, and sepsis-like disease are among the clinical manifestations, which range from moderate to serious. We present a case of autopsy diagnosed as pCMV infection in a premature infant delivered at gestational age of 24 weeks and 5 days. On the 7th and 14th days of birth, urinary CMV polymerase chain reaction samples were negative, ruling out congenital CMV infection. However, autopsy examination revealed that the patient had disseminated pCMV infection. CMV inclusion bodies were found in the majority of tissues, including the lung, liver, pancreas, breast, kidney, and adrenal gland, but not the placenta. The thymus exhibited significant cortical atrophy and T-cell immunodeficiency, possibly induced by dexamethasone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia or by pCMV infection itself. If dexamethasone treatment is extended or high doses are considered, it may be beneficial to test the CMV infection status to prevent aggravation of infection. This case demonstrates that, despite the low prevalence, pCMV infection should be considered a differential diagnosis in preterm if other conditions or etiology cannot justify clinical deterioration.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.297-309
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors relating to COVID-19 knowledge and resilience that impact elementary school health teacher performance at infection control. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 140 elementary school health teachers by convenience sampling. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 26.0. Results: Mean scores were as follows COVID-19 knowledge 17.99±2.37 (range 0-23), resilience 120.36±16.90 (range 30-150), and performance at infection control 85.91±10.07 (range 25-100). A positive correlation was observed between resilience and infection control performance (r=0.57, p<.001). Factors found to influence participant performance at infection control were resilience (𝛽=0.54, p<.001) and two categories of educational experience: 11-15 years (𝛽 = 0.24, p=.011) and more than 20 years (𝛽=0.29, p=.044). Conclusion: These results indicate the resilience of elementary school health teachers positively affects their performance at infection control. Generally, both age and work experience affected ability to perform infection control. Therefore, this study supports the need to develop programs to increase the resilience of elementary school health teachers according to infection control performance and age.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the factors affecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection control practices of nurses in negative pressure isolation rooms. Methods : The participants were 150 nurses working in three hospitals with negative pressure isolation rooms. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results : Factors significantly influencing the subject's COVID-19 infection control practice include Being married (𝛽=.18, p =.016), working in a ward with negative pressure isolation rooms (𝛽=.44, p <.001), working in an ICU with negative pressure isolation rooms (𝛽=.27, p =.010), COVID-19 infection control attitude (𝛽=.28, p =.001), anxiety for COVID-19 (𝛽=.30, p <.001). The explanatory power of these variables for COVID-19 infection control practice was 24.6% (F=8.67, p <.001). Conclusion : It is expected that strategies that utilize positive attitudes which believe that COVID-19 disease may be overcome by COVID-19 infection control practice will help improve emerging infectious diseases infection control practice.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.204-215
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection control performance of nursing staff, who closely contact patients with CRE in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 135 nursing staffs working in seven long-term care hospitals in the southern and northern areas of the K province in Korea were included. We measured the CRE infection control general characteristics, knowledge, perception, and performance. Results: The main factors affecting the CRE infection control performance were education, knowledge, and perception. The model explained the 60.8% total variance in CRE infection control. Conclusion: Appropriate infection control strategies should be prepared to provide high quality nursing care and prevent the spread of CRE infection in long-term care hospitals. Establishing an efficient infection control system in long-term care hospitals is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.492-497
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• 2016

Objective : Decompressive craniectomy is an effective therapy to relieve high intracranial pressure after acute brain damage. However, the optimal timing for cranioplasty after decompression is still controversial. Many authors reported that early cranioplasty may contribute to improve the cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism. However, despite all the advantages, there always remains a concern that early cranioplasty may increase the chance of infection. The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate whether the early cranioplasty increase the infection rate. We also evaluated the risk factors of infection following cranioplasty. Methods : We retrospectively examined the results of 131 patients who underwent cranioplasty in our institution between January 2008 and June 2015. We divided them into early (${\leq}90days$) and late (>90 days after craniectomy) groups. We examined the risk factors of infection after cranioplasty. We analyzed the infection rate between two groups. Results : There were more male patients (62%) than female (38%). The mean age was 49 years. Infection occurred in 17 patients (13%) after cranioplasty. The infection rate of early cranioplasty was lower than that of late cranioplasty (7% vs. 20%; p=0.02). Early cranioplasty, non-metal allograft materials, re-operation before cranioplasty and younger age were the significant factors in the infection rate after cranioplasty (p<0.05). Especially allograft was a significant risk factor of infection (odds ratio, 12.4; 95% confidence interval, 3.24-47.33; p<0.01). Younger age was also a significant risk factor of infection after cranioplasty by multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-0.99; p=0.02). Conclusion : Early cranioplasty did not increase the infection rate in this study. The use of non-metal allograft materials influenced a more important role in infection in cranioplasty. Actually, timing itself was not a significant risk factor in multivariate analysis. So the early cranioplasty may bring better outcomes in cognitive functions or wound without raising the infection rate.