• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1841-1847
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• 2008

Vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of serious diseases in humans, resulting from the contact of wound with seawater or consumption of raw seafood. Several studies aimed at detecting V. vulnificus have targeted vvh as a representative virulence toxin gene belonging to the bacterium. In this study, we targeted the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, to detect V. vulnificus. PCR specificity was identified by amplification of 8 V. vulnificus templates and by the loss of a PCR product with 36 non-V. vulnificus strains. The PCR assay had the 273-bp fragment and the sensitivity of 10 pg DNA from V. vulnificus. SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay targeting the rpoS gene showed a melting temperature of approximately $84^{\circ}C$ for the V. vulnificus strains. The minimum level of detection by real-time PCR was 2 pg of purified genomic DNA, or $10^3$ V. vulnificus cells from pure cultured broth and $10^3$ cells in 1 g of oyster tissue homogenates. These data indicate that real-time PCR is a sensitive, species-specific, and rapid method for detecting this bacterium, using the rpoS gene in pure cultures and in infected oyster tissues.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

Preauricular sinus and preauricular skin tag are common childhood congenital anomalies. It is important for the pediatric surgeon to be familiar with the embryology and differentiation of head and neck structure to accurately diagnose and treat these lesions. Seventy eight patients with preauricular sinus and twenty-eight with preauricular skin tag treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Hanyang University Hospital from January 1981 to May 2002 were reviewed to determine relative frequency, clinical classification and appropriate treatment. The male to female ratio of preauricular sinus was 1:1.2, and preauricular skin tag was 1:1. The most commonly presenting age of sinus and skin tag was before 5 year (62.8%) and before 1 year (53.6%). Twenty nine of 78 cases of preauricular sinuses were on the left, 25 on the right and 24 bilateral. Signs of infection were seen in 73.0% of patients with preauricular sinus at operation. Only 31.3% of lesions were infected in patients less than one year of age, but 89.5% between 3-5 years and 100% between 5-8 years. Cartilage was present in five patients with preauricular skin tag. Although re-operation due to wound infection was necessary in four cases, no recurrences were found. The preauricular sinus is a common anomaly in childhood, and has had a relatively high recurrence rate. But most of the recurrences were due to incomplete resection because of combined infection. Initial proper diagnosis and early operation are very important. Identification of the exact anatomical location of sinus tract is necessary because total excision of the lesions including those tracts is the only way to prevent recurrence.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1997

1996년 5월 하순부터 7월 초순사이 경북 안동, 의성, 충북 청원 지방의 30개 이상의 사과 과수원에서 어린 과일에 역병이 대발생하였는데, 발병된 과수원에서는 이병주열과 이병과율이 각각 10~90%와 1~15% 정도였다. 이병된 어린 과일은 연한 갈색 혹은 진한 갈색으로 썩고 단단하였으며 병반은 건전부위로 경계가 불명확하게 확산되었다. 어린 잎이나 신초 역시 역병균에 감염되면 반점이나 수침상 혹은 마름 증상 들을 심하게 나타내었는데 이들로부터 총 39개 역병 균주를 분리하였다. 이들 중 Phytophthora cactorum으로 동정된 25개 균주는 모든 발생지역에서 분리되었으나 P. cambivora로 동정된 나머지 14개 균주는 안동지역에서만 수집되었다. P. cambivora 균주의 유성생식형은 모두 A1으로 조사되었으며 이들의 균학적 특성은 본문에 자세히 기록하였다. 본 실험에서 Koch의 가설이 증명되었으며, 두 균 모두 사과뿐 아니라 배와 복숭아의 어린 가지와 과일에 강한 병원성을 보였고 여러 채소과일에는 병원성이 없거나 아주 미약하였다. 사과 어린 과일 역병의 대 발생은 국내에 기록된 바가 없으며, 특히 P. cambivora에 의한 사과 과일역병의 발생은 세계적으로도 보고된 바 없다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.668-674
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• 2000

Objective : The classic and accepted surgical method of compound comminuted depressed skull fractures (FCCD) involves total resection of all the contaminated bone and fragments at the fracture site. A second operation for cranioplasty is then performed at a later date. However, we have believed that primary repair of these bony defects can be achieved by the replacement of bone fragments at the time of the initial debridement, and this can be accomplished without danger to patient. The authors retrospectively reviewed the surgical results to assess the advantages and disadvantages, and also propose the selection criteria of replacement of fractured bone fragments as a primary procedure in FCCD. Materials and Methods : The authors analyzed the data extracted from medical records, and radiological findings in 22 of 71 patients with FCCD, who underwent immediate replacement of fractured bone fragments between April 1993 and October 1998. The mean follow-up period was 13.7 months. The selection criteria for the operation included the patients with mild to moderate severity, regardless of the degree of contamination or dural violation, which presented in hospital within 24 hours of injury. Results : The ages of the patients varied from 4 to 63 years, and there were 20 males and 2 females. Seventeen of 22 patients were fully conscious on admission and the others also had relatively good Glasgow coma scales. Sixteen fractures were located in the frontal area, 9 with involvement of the frontal sinuses, and 6 in the parietal and temporoparietal areas. Of the 22 patients, 8(36.3%) had dural lacerations with 3 of these requiring patching with pericranium, and 12(54.5%) had intracranial hematoma requiring wide craniotomy. The degree of wound contamination was also variable. Fifteen patients had relatively clean wounds, while seven(31.8%) had seriously contaminated wounds with soil, sand, hair, and wood. Only one patient(4.5%) developed infection, and the bone fragments were removed. All wounds healed primarily without pulsatile defect, the skull has remained solid, and no complications have occurred, except the infected case. Conclusion : It is proposed that bone fragments removal for FCCD, regardless of the degree of contamination or dural violation, is not necessary and that primary bone fragments replacement avoids a second operation for cranioplasty.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2011

Purpose: Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the anterior of the neck. Hyoid bone fractures are exceedingly rare and represent only 0.002% of all fractures because of its protective position relative to the mandible and its suspension by elastic musculature. We report a patient who presented hyoid bone fracture associated with hypoglossal nerve palsy. We also discuss the possible complication and treatment. Methods: A 69-year-old man was transferred from another institution because of persistent purulent discharge from the left chin. He had a history of trauma in which a knuckle crane grabbed his face and neck in the construction site. A CT scan at the time of the accident demonstrated a comminuted fracture of the right side of the mandible and hyoid bone fracture at the junction between body and right greater cornua. The displaced fracture of hyoid bone and fullness in the pre-epiglottic space were noted, probably indicating some edema. The patient was transferred into ICU after treatment of emergency tracheostomy because the patient showed respiratory distress rapidly. When the patient was hospitalized in our emergency room, he complained of dysphagia and pain when swallowing. On examination of oral cavity, the presence of muscle wasting with fasciculation of the tongue was noted and the tongue deviates to the left side on protruding from the mouth. Pharyngolarygoscopy was performed to make sure that there was no evidence of progressive swelling and pharyngeal laceration. Results: The patient underwent surgical removal of dead and infected tissue from the wound and reconstruction of mandibular bony defect by iliac bone grafting. Hyoid bone fracture was managed conservatively with oral analgesics, soft diet and restricted movement. Hypoglossal nerve palsy was resolved within 7 weeks after trauma without complications. Conclusion: Closed hyoid bone fracture is usually uncomplicated and thus it can be treated conservatively. Surgical intervention for hyoid bone fracture is recommended for patient with airway compromise, pharyngeal perforation and painful symptoms which show no response to conservative care. Furthermore, since respiratory distress syndrome may develop quickly, close observation is required. Besides, hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rarely recognized complication of hyoid bone fracture.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.516-522
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• 2017

Background Implant-based breast reconstruction is being performed more frequently, and implants are associated with an increased risk of infection. We reviewed the clinical features of cases of implant infection and investigated the risk factors for breast device salvage failure. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 771 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction between January 2010 and December 2016. Age, body mass index, chemotherapy history, radiation exposure, and smoking history were assessed as potential risk factors for postoperative infection. We also evaluated the presence and onset of infection symptoms, wound culture pathogens, and other complications, including seroma, hematoma, and mastectomy skin necrosis. Additionally, we examined the mastectomy type, the use of acellular dermal matrix, the presence of an underlying disease such as hypertension or diabetes, and axillary node dissection. Results The total infection rate was 4.99% (58 of 1,163 cases) and the total salvage rate was 58.6% (34 of 58). The postoperative duration to closed suction drain removal was significantly different between the cellulitis and implant removal groups. Staphylococcus aureus infection was most frequently found, with methicillin resistance in 37.5% of the cases of explantation. Explantation after infection was performed more often in patients who had undergone 2-stage expander/implant reconstruction than in those who had undergone direct-to-implant reconstruction. Conclusions Preventing infection is essential in implant-based breast reconstruction. The high salvage rate argues against early implant removal. However, when infection is due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus and the patient's clinical symptoms do not improve, surgeons should consider implant removal.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5508-5512
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• 2015

서론: 인체 스파르가눔은 드물며, 기생부위는 일정치 않으나 주로 흉벽, 복벽, 대퇴 및 음낭 등의 피하조직 및 근육 사이 근막이며 그 외 안와, 흉강, 복강, 척수강 및 중추신경계에서 발생하기도 한다. 이중 유방 스파르가눔증은 드물다. 대상 및 방법: 저자는 76세의 여자 환자에서 감염된 물을 통해 생긴 3년 이상 유방에 움직이며 머무른 것으로 보이는 두 곳의 유방 스파르가눔증을 경험하였다. 환자는 뱀, 개구리 등을 생식하는 과거력은 없었으나 평소 약수를 즐겨마셨다. 유방암으로 오인하여, 이 유방 스파르가눔증에 대해 유방촬영술, 유방초음파, MRI, PDG PET/CT 등을 시행하였고, 외과적 절제술 시행하여 치료하였다. 결론: 인체 감염 경로는 크게 3 가지로, 첫째, 오염된 물을 섭취하는 경우, 둘째, 뱀, 개구리 등을 생식하는 경우, 셋째, 환부에 감염된 뱀, 개구리 근육을 부착하는 경우로, 이중 물에 의한 감염 보고는 국내에 거의 없다. 유방 스파르가눔증에 대해 유방초음파, MRI가 도움이 되는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 하나의 병변에 대해 유방촬영술, 유방초음파, MRI, FDG PET/CT 모두를 보고한 것은 현재 없다. 이에 병리 검사 결과, 영상결과와 더불어 관련된 문헌 고찰과 함께 알아보고자 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2012

Background: Carbapenem-resistance is rapidly evolving among the pathogenic microbes in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to determine annual trend of carbapenem-resistance in the ICU for 4 years, since the opening of a university-affiliated hospital in South Korea. Methods: From 2005 to 2008, microbial samples from consecutive 6,772 patients were screened in the ICU. Three hundred and ninety-seven patients (5.9%) and their first isolates of carbapenem-resistant pathogens were analyzed. Results: The percentage of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant organisms increased constantly during the initial three years (2.3% in 2005, 6.2% in 2006, 7.8% in 2007), then it declined to 6.5% in 2008. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score at admission was $58.0{\pm}23.5$, the median length of the ICU stay was 37 days, and the mortality rate was 37.5%. The sampling sites were endotracheal suction (67%), catheterized urine (17%), wound (6%) and others (10%). Bacteria with carbapenem-resistance were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (247 isolates, 62%), Acinetobacter baumannii (117 isolates, 30%), Enterobacteriaceae (12 isolates, 3%), and others (21, 5%). Of note, peak isolation of carbapenem-resistant microorganisms in medical ICU was followed by the same epidemic at surgical ICU. Conclusion: Taken together, carbapenem-resistant pathogens are of growing concern in the ICU.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.68-70
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• 2008

2006년 6월 전남 순천과 고흥지역의 농가에서 재배되고 있는 참다래 잎에 갈색 점무늬 증상이 나타나기 시작하여 점차 짙은 갈색의 둥근 무의로 확대되었고, 심할 경우에는 생육기 동안에도 낙엽을 초래하였다. 둥근 무늬병반에서 일관성 있게 분리된 Alternaria sp.를 순수배양시켜 관찰한 균학적 특징과 참다래 잎에 상처접종에 의한 확인된 병원성을 토대로 Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler에 의한 참다래 갈색둥근무늬병으로 동정하였다. A. alternata는 감자한천배지에서 짙은 회색 균총을 형성하였고 분생포자를 다량 형성하였다. 담갈색 또는 금색의 분생포자는 난형 또는 역곤봉 형태를 하며, 분생포자경 위에 보통 5개 이상 사슬모양으로 형성되는데, 횡격막이 $3{\sim}5$개, 종격막이 $1{\sim}2$개가 있고, 분생포자의 크기는 $16.5{\sim}42.1{\times}6.7{\sim}19.5\;{\mu}m$, 분생포자경의 길이는 $8.6{\sim}112.7\;{\mu}m$였다. 이상과 같이 국내 최초로 A. alternata에 의한 참다래 갈색둥근무늬병의 발생을 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.500-506
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• 2006

목 적 : 신생아 중환자실에서 일어났던 S. marcescens의 대유행의 임상적 양상과 위험 요소에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 1월부터 8월까지 8개월간 부산대학교병원 신생아 중환자실에 입원해 있던 환아 중 S. marcescens이 분리되었던 24명을 환아군으로 하고, 같은 기간에 신생아 중환자실에 입원해 있었지만 균이 배양되지 않았던 21명을 대조군으로 하며, 균이 배양되었던 24명 중 감염을 일으킨 19명을 감염군으로 감염의 증거가 없던 5명을 보균군으로 나누어 각 군의 임상적 양상, 위험 요소의 비교 및 분리된 균주에 대한 항생제 감수성을 검사하였다. 동시에 환경 배양 검사를 하여 유행의 원인을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 환아군과 대조군, 감염군과 보균군 사이에 성별, 제태 연령, 출생시 체중, 분만 방법, 산모의 감염 여부, 입원 기간에는 유의한 차이점이 없었다. 환아들이 가진 기저질환으로는 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군, 선천성 심질환, 괴사성 장염의 순으로 나타났다. 환자군이 대조군에 비해 카테터의 사용, 수술의 과거력, 항생제 사용, 인공 호흡기 사용, 비위관 삽입의 빈도가 많았다. 감염군에서 균이 배양되었던 검체는 혈액이 7명, 기도내에서 검출된 환아는 4명, 결막 삼출물은 4명, 소변에서 균이 검출된 환아는 2명, 뇌척수액에서 검출된 환아는 1명이었고, 이 중 S. marcescens의 감염으로 인해 사망한 환아는 3명으로 15.8%의 사망률을 나타내었다. 감염군 19명에서 배출된 균의 항생제 감수성은 ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin에 저항성을 imipenem, bactrim, amikacin에 감수성을 나타내었다. 분자학적 방법으로 분석한 결과 6월의 유행 당시 모두 같은 균종으로 나왔다. 철저한 소독과 격리를 한 뒤 더 이상 균이 발견되지 않고 있다. 결 론 : S. marcescens는 신생아와 같이 면역이 저하된 환자에게 빠르게 전파하여 폭발적인 유행을 일으킬 수 있으며 사망률도 높다. 임상 검체에서 S. marcescens가 분리되면 유행적 발생의 위험성을 빨리 인지하여 처음부터 적절한 감염 관리를 실시하여야 한다.