• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2008

한탄바이러스가 혈소판활성인자 활성에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 간접적으로 혈소판활성인자 수용체의 발현과 분해효소의 활성을 측정하였다. 혈관내피세포에서 혈소판활성인자 수용체의 유전자를 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응으로, 단백질은 western blot으로 측정하였다. 또한 세포표면에 발현된 혈소판활성인자 수용체의 양은 FACS로 분석하였다. 한탄바이러스에 감염된 혈관내피세포에서 혈소판활성인자 수용체의 유전자, 단백질, 세포 표면의 발현 모두 바이러스에 감염되지 않은 대조 세포보다 감염 후 2, 3일째 증가 하였다. 혈액 내 혈소판활성인자 분해효소의 활성을 비교한 결과 신증후출혈열 환자에서 정상인에 비하여 2.5배 낮았다. 그리고 신증후출혈열 환자가 회복됨에 따라 혈소판활성인자의 활성이 다시 정상 수준으로 회복되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 한탄바이러스에 의해 증가된 혈소판활성인자 수용체의 발현이 혈소판활성인자와 혈관내피세포와 반응성을 증가시키고, 신증후출혈열 환자 혈액에서 감소된 혈소판활성인자 분해효소가 혈소판활성인자의 분해를 지연 시켜 작용시간을 증가 시킴으로써 과다한 혈소판활성인자의 생물학적 작용이 신증후출혈열의 병리현상을 초래할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.107-117
• /
• 2006

This paper described the epidemiological characteristics of 2002 outbreak of classical swine fever (CSF) in Korea. A total of thirteen CSF-infected farms could be classified into two clusters according to the location and time of outbreak. Two farms located in the same county of Gangwon province and 11 farms located in several different districts of Incheon metropolitan/Gyeonggi province were identified as CSF-infected from April 16 to 30 and from October 7 to December 21 in 2002, respectively. As the result of epidemiological analysis, the two clusters of outbreaks were turned out to be independent epidemics which had different sources of virus introduction. Three farms were found to have been infected primarily; one located in Cheolwon county of Gangwon province and two located in Kangwha county of Incheon metropolitan area. The most likely factors of virus introduction into these primary infected farms were considered to be direct or indirect contact by foreign workers and/or owners of the infected farms who had come back from traveling in China before outbreaks. This was supported by the genetic typing of CSF viruses isolated from the pigs of infected farms. All the virus isolates of 2002 outbreak were found to be genetic type 2, whereas the viruses isolated before 2000 were type 3 and the reference strains, such as attenuated live vaccine virus (LOM strain) and high virulent challenge virus (ALD strain), were type 1. Accordingly, we concluded that the 2002 CSF outbreak must have been caused by a newly introduced virus from overseas and the type 3 virus must have been eradicated after the last outbreak of 1999 by the national CSF eradication campaign which were implemented since 1996. Based on the combined analysis of epidemiological data and genetic typing, the transmission routes of classical swine fever virus were found to be the movement of vehicles (60%) and persons (10%), neighbourhood spread (20%) and unknown (10%). It is expected that the analyzed data and findings of classical swine fever outbreak epidemic could be very useful to establish the disease control and eradication program for the country in the future.

• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 1997

For 16 years after the finding of HIV as an agent of AIDS in 1981, HIV therapeutic drugs of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (AZT, ddI, ddC, d4T) and protease inhibitors have been developed. Recent studies also were focused on a combination therapy by using HIV therapeutic drugs or natural compounds. Korean red ginseng (KRG) of natural compounds has been well known as a good reinforcement agent in Asia. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ T cell in nine HIV-infected patients without KRG treatment averaged 17.8% on baseline and decreased 15.8% after 6 months, whereas the percentage of the cell in fifteen HIV-infected patients with KRG treatment averaged 15.3% on baseline and increased up to 18.9% after the same period. The average percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cell of KRG-nontreated and KRG-treated HIV patients increased after 6 months 47.8% to 50.7% and 44.7% to 51.4%, respectively; and the average percentage of B and NK cell in the KRG-nontreated and KRG-treated HIV patients decreased 9.4% to 7.9% and 13.0% to 9.7%, 8.9% to 8.5% and 16.2% to 11.6%, respectively. KRG, therefore, didn't have any effects on the CD3+CD8+ T cell, B cell, and NK cell. However, it seems that KRG has a potential activity for stimulatiing the CD3+CD4+ T cell and some inhibition on destroying of this cell with no significance.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

이 연구는 치과 진료실에서 치과위생사의 감염예방 실태를 파악하여 치과위생사가 감염예방을 실천하는데 기초 자료로 제공하고자 한다. 연구 대상은 2005년 10월과 11월에 인천경기도회와 서울시회 보수교육에 참여한 치과위생사로 하였으며, 감염 예방에 관한 설문조사를 자기기입방식으로 시행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 감염예방 교육경험은 "있다"로 응답한 자가 72명(42.9%)이었고, "없다"고 응답한 자가 96명(57.1%)이었고 감염예방 교육경로를 보면 "근무병원 자체 교육을 통해서"가 42명(58%)으로 가장 많았다. 2. 손상 경험은 "있다"로 응답한 자가 147명(87.5%)이었고 "없다"로 응답한 자가 21명(12.5%)이었으며, 손상 경험이 있는 대상자 147명의 전체 연 평균 손상 횟수는 7.7회였다. 손상을 입힌 기구 명으로는 "explorer"가 125(75%)명으로 가장 많았다. 3. 감염성 질환에 감염된 경험은 "있다"로 응답한 자가 6명(3.6%)이었는데 질환으로는 "B형 간염"이 4명으로 가장 많았고, "풍진" 1명, "결핵" 1명이었다. 4. 실천 점수가 높은 문항은 "2. 나는 진료 후에 손을 씻는다(1.86점)", "7. 나는 국소 마취 후 마취주사바늘 뚜껑을 덮는다(1.86점)", "20. 나는 폐기물을 분리수거하여 적출물처리업자에게 위탁 한다(1.85점)"이었으며, 실천 점수가 낮은 문항은 "16. 나는 진료복을 하루에 한번 갈아입는다(0.24점)"와 "감염성 환자 진료 후에는 진료복을 매번 세탁 한다(0.52점)"이었다. 5. 지식도가 가장 높은 문항은 "1. 치과 진료를 하는 동안에 전염은 감염원, 전염방법, 전염경로, 감염되기 쉬운 숙주에 의해 좌우 된다(0.95점)" 이었으며 지식도가 가장 낮은 문항은 "5. HBV(B형간염)는 95oC에서 5분 이상 가열해야 파괴 된다(0.27점)"이였다. 6. 조직관련 요인 점수가 가장 높은 문항은 "나는 필요한 경우 마스크, 장갑 등의 보호 장구가 항상 이용 가능하다(0.89점)"이었으며 가장 점수가 낮은 문항은 으로 "내가 일하는 곳에는 감염과 관련된 위험한 상황에 노출되었을 때 참고할 수 있는 지침서가 있다(0.33점)" 이었다. 7. 진료환경에서 세면대와 진료실의 거리는 "1미터 미만"이 116명(69.0%), 소독실과 진료실의 거리는 "2미터 미만"이 77명(45.8%)으로 가장 많았으며 보호 장구 구비 현황은 마스크(일회용) 168명(100%), 일회용 장갑(라텍스) 167명(99.4%)으로 대부분 구비되어 있었다. 반면 안면 보호대는 응답자수가 108(64.3%)명으로 가장 적었다. 소독, 멸균기에서는 autoclave가 있다고 응답한 자가 165명(98.2%)이었다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.222-245
• /
• 2020

In the pandemic crisis, many governments implemented harsh interventions that might contradict democratic values and civil liberties. In Taiwan, the debate over whether or not to reveal personal information of infected persons to limit the coronavirus's spread poses the democratic dilemma between public health and civil liberties. This study examines whether and explains how Taiwan's people respond to the choice between individual privacy and collective security. We used survey data gathered in May 2020 to show that, first, the democratic values did not deter the pursuit of collective safety at the cost of civil liberty; rather, people with higher social trust were more likely to give up their civil liberties in exchange for public safety. Second, people who support democratic values and pursue collective security tend to avoid violating privacy by opposing the release of personal information. This study proves that democratic values do not necessarily threaten collective safety and that the pursuit of common good can co-exist with personal privacy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 1992

It is advisable to use irrigation solutions which have strong antibacterial effect and weak cytotoxic effect on treating root infections. Streptococci are ones of the most frequently isolated microorganisms in infected root canals. The antibacterial effect of ten irrigation solutions were investigated on S. mutans (19449), S. sanguis. )10556) and 4 streptococci isolated from saliva of healthy persons. These streptococci were exposured to irrigation solutions during 10 sec, 30 sec,. 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min and 2hrs respectively. Four irrigation solutions which showed strong antibacterial activity were diluted to 1 : 1 to 1 : 10,000. Then they were subcultured on blood agar plate an observed after 1 day. 5.25% NaOC1 had the strongest antibacterial effect. 30% urea and normal saline showed no antibacterial effect. 50 % citric acid and 3% $H_2O_2$ showed relatively weak antibacterial effect. 15 % EDTA had very weak antibacterial effect.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.279-292
• /
• 1997

The vaccinations of susceptible children and postpubertal females are the major means to prevent congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Another means for reducing the CRS is therapeutic abortion or fetal monitoring for women who are infected in the first four months of pregnancy. We could not estimate the incidence of CRS in Korea, because there was no surveillance system for rubella and CRS. Nationwide vaccination program for 15months infant had been started early 1980s. So, most women at childbearing age during study period were not received rubella vaccination. We set forth CRS management system for pregnant women in two rural county of Kyonggi province, Korea. In this system, the presence of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies for early pregnant women were examined with MEIA(Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay) method by IMx automated analyzer $Abbott^(R)$. The infected pregnant women followed up in order to confirm their childrens CRS. This study was carried out from Mu. 1993 to Jun. 1994, and pregnant women examined were 874 persons. The results were summarized as follows. The overall positive .ate of rubella IgG antibody was 94.5%(826/874). The positive rate was significantly increase as the age increased, and reached 100% in pregnant women who were over 35 years old. This results suggest that a meaningful number of women are infected during childbearing years. The geometric mean titer of IgG of sero-positive subjects was significantly declined as the age increased. On the question about history of URI symptoms and rash in pregnancy, 20.7% of respondents checked on URI symptoms with .ash, 13.5% only URI symptoms without .ash, and 65.8% no symptoms. However there was no demonstrable association between the rubella like infection history in pregnancy and the rubella IgG and IgM antibody status. Rubella infection .ate in pregnant women was 0.9%(95% CI 0.4-1.8%). Two of these 8 infected pregnancies were terminated by therapeutic abortion. One of them was not followed. Five babies had no gross anomalies at birth. In Dec. 1996, three of five babies were normal appeared infants. Two of them were not followed. Throughout this study results, we confirmed the need of CRS management system for pregnant women, in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.93-96
• /
• 2016

Toxoplasmosis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, occurs throughout the world. Human T. gondii infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the population; however, the infection is life-threatening and causes substantial neurologic damage in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-infected persons. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in subjects infected with HIV/AIDS in eastern China. Our findings showed 9.7% prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS patients, which was higher than in intravenous drug users (2.2%) and healthy controls (4.7%), while no significant difference was observed in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody among all participants (P>0.05). Among all HIV/AIDS patients, 15 men (7.7%) and 10 women (15.9%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody; however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody between males and females. The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 8.0%, 13.2%, 5.5%, and 0% in patients with normal immune function ($CD4^+$ T-lymphocyte count ${\geq}500cells/ml$), immunocompromised patients (cell count ${\geq}200$ and <500 cells/ml), severely immunocompromised patients (cell count ${\geq}50$ and <200 cells/ml), and advanced AIDS patients, respectively (cell count <50 cells/ml), while only 3 immunocompromised patients were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. The results indicate a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in HIV/AIDS patients in eastern China, and a preventive therapy for toxoplasmosis may be given to HIV/AIDS patients based on $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte count.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.201-211
• /
• 1997

This study was an evaluation study of AIDS education program. The purpose of this study was to clarify the education effects on AIDS for health care workers to develop a better next education program. This study was done by self reporting with a 67 items of structured questionnaire by 431 health care workers included doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and health educators. Data were collected at the time of completion of each AIDS education with the help of education program manager. Both the AIDS related knowledge score and the acceptance attitudes score were significantly higher in the male group, in the medical institution employer group, in the group who have met the HIV infected person, who has known the HIV positive person, and the group of laboratory technician, but the AIDS prevention intention score was statistically higher in the group of female and laboratory technician group. The post education scores of AIDS related knowledge. acceptance attitudes, and preventive intention were statistically higher than those of the preeducation. The most increased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will provide the meeting between the HIV infected persons and the public (+21.9%)'. But even the decreased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will advice to female not to have extra marital sexual contact to avoid AIDS(-3.1%)'. It could be concluded that the health care workers were ignorant of vertical transmission of AIDS, they were afraid of disclosing the infection status, and have less AIDS prevention intention. Therefore it is needed to take an assessment process before each new education trategy to increase AIDS related the effect of the education on AIDS.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.105-122
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes (discrimination towards HIV/AIDS and lives with HIV infected persons) and HIV/AIDS related sexual behaviors among middle school and high school students in Seoul, Korea. Methods: The population of this study was junior and senior high school students in Seoul, Korea. Eight junior high schools and eight senior high schools were randomly selected from Seoul City. Two thousand nine hundred and ninety-six responses from the sixteen schools were analyzed (fifty-nine were excluded). A self-administered questionnaire measuring socio-demographic variables, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, as well as discriminatory attitudes of HIV/AIDS was utilized. Results: The level of HIV/AIDS knowledge was low and the levels of discriminatory attitudes were high. The results indicated that students had considerable misconceptions about HIV transmission as well as stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV-infected people and their lives. The proportions of sexual intercourse were 1.3 % for middle school students and 7.7% for high school students. Only 30.7% of current sexually active subjects were to use condoms at the last step of sexual intercourse. The HIV/AIDS related risk-taking behavior were predicted by gender, school types, parents' marital status, reported academic performances, and attitudes towards to homosexuals. Conclusions: It is important to design HIV prevention strategies that improve in the knowledge of HIV transmission for adolescents in Korea.