• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2003

연구배경 : 주폐포자충은 HIV 감염자에서 폐렴을 일으키는 주요 원인인데, 최근에 면역 기능이 저하된 환자들이 중가하면서 HIV 비감염자에서 발생되는 PCP가 늘어나고 있다. 연구자들은 HIV 감염자 및 비감염자에서 PCP의 임상 양상을 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1996년부터 2002년까지 연세대학교 의과대학 세브란스 병원에서 PCP로 진단 받은 환자를 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 환자들의 연령, 성별, 기저 질환, 면역 억제제의 사용, 검사 소견, 임상적 경과, 치료 및 예후 등에 대하여 알아보았고, HIV 감염자와 비감염자의 임상 양상을 비교하였다. 결 과 : PCP로 진단받은 25명의 환자 중에서 HIV 감염자는 16명, HIV 비감염자는 9명이었다. HIV 감염자의 평균 연령이 ($41.0{\pm}9.6$세) 비감염자보다($47.7{\pm}17.9$세) 낮았으나 통계적 의의는 없었다. HIV 비감염자에서 동반된 기저 질환으로는 혈액학적 악성질환이 7예, 장기 이식 l예, 염증성 질환 l예 등이 있었다. HIV 비감염자 중 77.8%가 2개월 이내에 면역억제제를 복용한 적이 있었다. 방사선 소견은 HIV 감염자에서는 12예(75%)에서 PCP에 전형적인 양측성의 폐문 주위 간유리혼탁 소견을 보였는데, 비감염자에서는 4예(44.4%)에서 전형적 방사선 소견을 나타냈다. HIV 비감염자에는 치료를 위해 스테로이드를 같이 사용한 경우가 6예(66.7%)였는데, 감염자에서는 스테로이드를 같이 사용한 경우는 12 예(75.0%) 였다. 인공 호흡기 치료를 시행한 경우는 HIV 비감염자에서는 2예(22.2%)였고, 감염자에서는 6예(37.5%)였다. HIV 비감염자의 사망률은 11.1% 였으나, 감염자의 사망률은 50.0% 였다. 결 론 : PCP는 HIV 감염자와 비감염자에서 다른 임상양상을 나타내는 경향이 있었으며, 향후 HIV 감염자 및 비감염자에서의 PCP의 위험 인자, 치료 및 예후, 예방 요법의 적응 및 지침 등에 대한 보다 많은 예에서의 전향적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 1988

Clonorchiasis should be realized as an important public health problems in Korea by their wide distribution, high prevalence rate and heavy infection intensity. This study was designed to obtain the infection rate, contributing factors as well as the behavior of infected persons among the factory workers in Pohang area where that parasite still remains as a problem. Study was undertaken from September '86 to October '87. Clonorchiasis skin test was performed for 3180 factory workers, and stools of skin test positive reactors were examined. Praziquantel was prescribed to stool examination positive persons for clonorchis sinensis ova. After one year. stool examination was repeated for them who received medicine. At the same time. a structured questionnaire was given and the results were analyzed and compared with control group. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis. 1) Clonorchiassis skin test positive rate was $26.2\%$ (834/3180). 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova) positive rate among skin test positive reactors was $21.6\%$ (129/598) All 129 infected persons were male. 2. Contributing factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection. 1) The chance of infection was higher in low-educated peple(p<0.01) 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova)positive rate was higher among the persons who reside near the riverside now(p<0.01), or among the persons who long history of riverside residence(p<0.01) 3) The infection rate was higher in thoes who like sliced raw fresh water fishes than in those who like cooked fishes(p<0.05). 4) Correct answering rate for questions about the cause and route of Clonorchis sinensis infection was low in infected persons. 5) The infection rate was lower among those who had experience of previous clonorchiasis test(p<0.01). 6) Family members of infected persons show higher rates of infection(p <0.01). 3. Treatment effect and compliance of infected person to treatment. 1) After one year, negative stool conversion rate was $85.4\%$. 2) $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine; Only $3.1\%$ of them consulted to physician to know the medication effect; As many as $29.4\%$ of them continued to consume raw fresh water fishes. As a conclusion, City of Pohang area, Hyung San River in the center, is an endemic area of clonorchiasis. Current clonorchiasis control system seemed to be ineffective; many of the skin test positive group did not submitted their stool for examination; only $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine even though the drugs were given free of charge; $29.4\%$ continued to consume raw fresh water fishes after taking medicine. Therefore. proper education program should be provided to improve the compliance to treatment. Follow-up for infected cases is mandatory to prevent waste of restricted budget.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to observe the salivary immunoglobulin level in whole saliva of infected patients and also to investigate the changes of immunoglobulin level according to its management. Materials & Methods : Thirty infected patients who have been admitted to the dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Pusan National University Hospital have been selected as subjects and we analysed the changes of immunoglobulin level of $1.5{\sim}3.0ml$ of unstimulated whole saliva collected throughout four times; the day before treatment, the first day after treatment, the third day after treatment and the day before discharge. We also compared them with immunoglobulins in whole saliva that was collected from 4 normal persons as control group. In radial immunodiffusion technique with BACKMAN(Array 360 system, McLean, USA), level of immunoglobulins was analyzed. Results : The isotypes of Ig that have been found in saliva of normal persons were IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE and their mean level was 8.23, 36.41, 4.38, and 2.38 respectively. In the infected patients before the treatment, the level of IgG, IgA was remarkably higher than that of normal persons, however we could not find the difference on the level of IgM, IgE. As the infection was healing, the level of IgG, IgA was decresing significantly.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.239-252
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• 1997

A questionnaire survey including stool examination for the parasite ova, skin test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the liver fluke to find the factors related with the prevalence of the parasite infestation was done toward 118 residents living in three villages of Song-jung, Yi-jung, and Chim-gok of Okok-myun, Goksung County, South Cholla Province. The results are as follows : 1. The prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis ova by the stool examination was 46.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of skin test to egg-positive cases were 63.5% and 68.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA to egg-positive clonorchiasis were 100% and 34.9%. 2. The prevalence of Clonchiasis was higher in male than in female. 45~64 year old group was the highest among age groups, and the longer the duration of living in the present residence was, the higher the prevalence was shown statistically significantly (p<0.01). 3. The present drinker had higher prevalence of Clonorchiasis significantly than the past drinker or non-drinker, and the more the frequency of drinking the higher the prevalence was shown significantly (p<0.05). 4. Those who took raw fish had significantly higher than persons who didn't take it or take cooked fish(p<0.05) and prevalence showed the tendency to be increased as the frequency to take raw fishes increased significantly(p<0.05). 5. Those who had taken a raw sweet fish(Plecoglossus altivelis) or snake-headed fish(Ophicephalus argus) showed significantly higher prevalence of infection with liver fluke than persons who didn't take the raw fish. 6. While 56.4% of persons infected with Clonorchiasis answered that they were healthy, only 13.0% of the subjects were careful for their health, and 41.8% experienced tests to diagnose liver flukes before they were examined by this survey. 7. While 56.4% of infected persons thought the prevalence was high in their community, 54.0% were afraid to be infected, 47.1% thought the infection might destroy their health, 25.5% took treatment drugs, and 18.2% took raw fish continuously after treatment. The above results confirmed that Goksung area was highly prevalent in Clonorchiasis, so it was necessary to push effective preventive program against liver fluke infection together with the program to diagnose and treat existing infected persons.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.827-836
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• 1999

Numerous persons complained dyspepsia even though no specific objective findings are revealed by imaging study, laboratory examinations and other clinical research. To find out of so many symptoms what they are, I would to approach by two ways. One way is oriental medical literatural study and the other is Helicobacter pylori infection that is accepted as one of most important causal factors of many gastric diseases. Background/Aims: Recently, the role of Helicobacter pylori as a causal factor in the etiology of gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, gastritis and low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma is well known. Using endoscopy, biopsy urease testing and histology are recommanded as the tests of choice. Serological test is not recommanded at the moment because of its low sensitivity and espicially low specificity. The urea breath test is more sensitive and specific noninvasive test than serologic test, but it is not widely available yet. Methods/Results: We studied 90 cases by diagnostic endoscopy as a screening test for the persons complaining gastrointestinal symptoms. As a result eighteen persons are revealed to be Helicoacter pylori infected histologicaly. Conclusion: More specific literatural studies are requied.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2005

We have observed the seropositive rate of Taenia solium cysticercosis in residents at Nabo Village, Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The village had been found to be a relatively high endemic area of porcine cysticercosis among roaming pigs. Of 202 persons examined four males aged 15, 25, 35 and 41 year-old exhibited absorbance (abs) at 0.18, 0.20, 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. In addition, two females whose ages were 35 and 39 years revealed specific antibody levels of abs 0.26 and 0.41 in their sera. Overall positive rate among the people was $2.97\%$. All of these persons agreed that they had ingested the pork infected with T. solium metacestode (TsM), while history of proglottid discharge was not noticed from all of them. Three males and one female complained of intermittent headache. Our findings reinforced not only that the prevalence of cysticercosis might be related with roaming pigs infected with TsM but also that behavioral and environmental practices in local community constituted risk factors for transmission of the infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.271-274
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• 1994

경남 산청군 생비량면 가계리 주민의 대변검사를 modified Kato's cellophane thick smear와 formalin-ether concentration technique로 1987년 11월과 1993년 4월에 실시하였다. 1987년 주민 76명 중 간흡충 감염자는 61명(80.3%)이었으며 EPG 평균은 27.781이었다. 간흡충 충란 양성자들에게 praziquantel 60 mg/kg을 1회 투여하였다. 요꼬가와흡충 감염자는 17명(22.4%)이었으며 간흡충에 동시감염되어 있었다 1993년, 간흡충 감염율은 48.4%이었으며 평균 EPG는 5.929 이었다. 추적조사된 주민중 55.2%가 5년 5개월 동안에 간흡충에 재감염되어 있었다. 요꼬가와흡 충감염자는 3.2%이었다. 이 부락은 간흡충의 재감염이 높게 일어나고 있는 유행지이었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2002

Background: Host genetic polymorphisms in the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 and CCR2b and SDF-1, ligand for co-receptor CXCR4, have been known to be associated with the resistance of HIV infection and/or the delayed disease progression in HIV-infected patients. Methods: We examined the frequencies of SDF1-3'A and CCR2b-64I alleles of 354 Koreans including 100 HIV-uninfected persons, 13 discordant spouses of HIV-infected persons, and 241 HIV-infected persons. The genotyping assays of SDF1 and CCR2b genes were carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: The frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles in Koreans were very high compared with Caucasians and blacks. Observed frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A allelic variants were 25.1% and 28.7%, respectively. The frequency of the CCR2b-64I allele in Koreans was 2~4 times higher than those of other ethnic groups with the exception of Asian. The frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A genotypes did not show the significant difference between HIV-infected and uninfected Koreans. However, the prevalence of CCR2b-64I genotype of the LTNP group was about two times higher than that of the remainder group (P< 0.05). Four (45%) out of 9 LTNPs (long-term nonprogressors) showed having the SDF1-3'A allele and 7 (78%) out of 9 LTNPs carried the CCR2b-64I allele. 3 (33%) out of 9 LTNPs had both SDF1-3'A and CCR2b-64I alleles. But none of 5 RPs (rapid progressors) appeared to have both SDF1-3'A and CCR2b-64I alleles. Conclusion: The different genetic backgrounds in study populations may affect the disease progression and the AIDS epidemic in each country. Further studies need to define whether high frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A allelic variants may affect the HIV disease progression.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.541-550
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• 1993

In order to investigate psychological and behavioral characteristics of homosexuals and to present evidence that homosexuals are in danger of HIV infection in Korea, this study was done by self-administered questionnaire and then direct interview with the 28 (35%) HIV infected homosexual/bisexuals of 79 HIV infected persons reported in 1992. Homosexuals without heterosexual activity were 9 and the others were bisexuals. Sixty-five percent of respondents had a guilty conscience for their homosexual activty. Twenty (71%) were in twenties and 5 (18%) in thirties. Twelve(43%) were detected via health card checking by health office, 21% by blood donation, 18% by hospital visit, and 7% by partner notification. Motivations for homosexual activity were curiosity (36%), temptation or recommendation (14%) and compulsion (11%). Eighteen (72%) never used condom on anal sex. Nine of 26 respondents had experience for anal sex with foreigners. Fourteen (54%) of 26 respondents had history for sexually transmitted diseases. Fighty percent did not have sexual contact after HIV infection and the others usually used condom. It was confirmed that over 57% of the respondents were infected within 1 year before HIV diagnosis and over 82% within 2 years. These data suggest that HTV infection among homosexual group is rapidly spreading.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

In this study, we estimated the number of secondary COVID-19 infections caused by students with potential transmission potential home. When the existing Monte Carlo method was applied to Korean data, the average number of household members of the second COVID-19 infected was predicted. The summary of this study is as follows. First, in general, the number of secondary infections by students returning home from school is greatly influenced by the virus infection rate of each student group they contact while returning home from school. Korea-based empirical research on this is needed. Second, the number of secondary infections by Korean students was relatively lower than that of previous studies. This can be interpreted as being due to the domestic furniture structure. Third, unlike previous studies that assumed the distribution of secondary infected individuals as normal distribution, assuming a negative binomial distribution, the number of secondary infected individuals was sensitively changed according to the estimated parameters. Interpretation of this result shows that the number of secondary infections may vary depending on the time of decision making, the target region, and the target student group. Finally, according to the results of this analysis, a proposal was made to support education policy decisions.