• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.905-916
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational needs of a mother when nurturing children from neonates to the schoolage. A total of 657 subjects responded to the survey about the level of educational needs when nurturing children. The subjects of the study constituted of 401 mothers who visited the health center for immunization and 256 mothers who visited the pediatric outpatient department or whose children were hospitalized in pediatrics. This instrument had 64 items about nurturing children from neonates to the schoolage and one item had a score range of one to four. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 9.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics. The results were as follows. 1) Mothers who had the neonates represented the highest educational needs about parental-neonates attachments with 3.47 of mean score compared to neonatal convulsion(3.44), management of common colds(3.44), nutrition (3.44), fever control (3.42). 2) Mothers who had infancy represented the highest educational needs about management of common colds with 3.34 of mean score compared to psychosocial developments (3.23), management of foreign bodies (3.22), feeding the food(3.19), playing with the infant(3.16). 3) Mothers who had toddlers represented the highest educational needs about psychosocial developments with 3.35 of mean score compared to discipline for children(3.34), management of teeth (3.29), management of common colds (3.21), management of accidents(3.20). 4) Mothers who had the a child in preschool represented the highest educational needs about psychosocial developments with 3.53 of mean score compared to management of accidents(3.23), discipline for children (3.00). 5) Mothers who had the child in secondary school represented the highest educational needs about psychosocial developments with 3.42 of mean score compared to management of teeth(3.13), management of accidents (3.05).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 1996

This study was aimed at evaluating the lipid status of 122 pregnant women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas and were vulnerable in terms of public health, by anthropometric measurements, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing serum lipids content and fatty acids composition. Regarding the skinfold thickness, it has increased more significantly in suprailliac than in triceps, biceps, subscapular, which means body fat has been accumulated in central parts more than in distal parts of the pregnants. It is found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrate are desirable while calcium, zinc and copper are low and sodium is excessive. Regarding dietary fat intake, the energy $\%$ of fat was within the same range as RDA(20%) for adults, but energy $\%$ intake from each fatty acid was usually low, especially energy % of monoun-saturated fatty acid intake was below RDA for adult women. And intake ratio of $\omega$6$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Serum lipids concentrations were increased with the length of pregnancy and were higher as compared with non-pregnant women. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially $\omega$6 fatty acids, have gradually decreased with the length of pregnancy. Serum lipids content and fatty acids composition were not greatly influenced by dietary fat but serum free fatty acid level was negatively related to energy, carbohydrate, fatty acids and cholesterol intake. On the basis of the above results, it can be predicted that lipid metabolism for mother and fetus is changed by pregnant status and multilateral research on maternal nutrition in terms of areas and income levels will have to be made. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 201-214, 1996)

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify the educational need of pregnant women, and to evaluate the effect of the 2-hour childbirth class provided by researchers. The subjects were composed of 183 pregnant women who participated voluntarily in the 2-hour childbirth class, and the data were collected by self reporting structured questionnaire designed by researchers. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t test, and McNemar test by SPSS pc program. The results were as follows ; 1. Mean age of th subjects was 27 and most subjects graduated from the high school and the college. 80.3% of the subjects had nuclear family. 82.5% of the subjects were full time housewives. 2. 85.8% of the subjects were ipara. Though 71.6% of the subjects might have antepartal care in the clinic, 67.2% of the subjects had no chance to participate in the childbirth class before this study. 3. Subject's health and lifestyle, especially related to eating habits, were changed in the antepartum period. We found that the pregnancy affected positively on health and lifestyle of the women. Over 75% of the subjects became to understand the progress of labor, breath methods during the labor, and perineal exercise. Most subjects changed to think that they could control their body more actively and positively during the labor after participating in the childbirth class. 93.4% answered that 'childbirth class was necessary and important'. Most subjects wanted to be taught the contents, such as postpartum care, breast feeding, and infant care in the childbirth class. In conclusion, pregnant women to attend the childbirth educational program with their husband, and the 2-hour childbirth class provided by the researchers very effective in many aspects. Therefore we anticipated that the childbirth class on basis of pregnant women's needs will contribute to improvement of pregnant women's health and well-being during the labor.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2020

Purpose: The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS^TM), which considers crying, regurgitation, stools, skin and respiratory symptoms, was developed as an awareness tool for evaluating cow's milk-related symptoms. The scoring ranges from 0 to 33. A score ≥12 was proposed as being likely cow's milk-related and suggestive of allergy to cow's milk. This study aimed to determine the age-related CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in well-child clinics in two locations. Parents of the presumed healthy infants aged ≤6 months were approached during a routine checkup/vaccination visit. The exclusion criteria were as follows: presence of acute or chronic diseases, preterm delivery, treatment with therapeutic formula, and use of any food supplements (except vitamins) or medications. Results: Data from 226 infants were obtained (median age [Q1-Q3], 4 months [3-4]). The overall median (Q1-Q3) and mean (standard deviation) CoMiSS^TM values were 4 (2-7) and 4.7 (3.5), respectively. The 95th percentile was 11. Scores on some, albeit not all, components of the CoMiSS^TM significantly differed between age groups (crying, stools) or feeding type groups (stools and skin symptoms). Eleven children (4.9%) scored ≥12. Conclusion: This study adds to earlier age-related CoMiSS^TM data by providing CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.305-318
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• 1997

This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional status of Korean lactating women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas, by anthropometric measurement, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing the contents of breast milk components, serum lipid content and fatty acid composition. Regarding anghropometric measurements, maternal circumferences decreased significantly at the trunk but not at the limbs. The skinfold thickness on all regions had the tendency to decrease during lactation. It was found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrates were desirable while calcium, zinc, copper and vitamin A were low and sodium was excessive. The energy $\%$of fat was 22.41$\%$of the total energy which is higher than the RDA for adults but it is proper for lactating women, but energy $\%$ from each fatty acid was usually low and an intake ratio of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Concentrations of the nutrients in matured human milk showed the same range as that reported form different regions with the exception of calcium and magnesium which were relatively low. Serum lipid contents were decreased with the time postpartum and the average serum lipid content of lactating women were similar to the normal range of adults. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids. especially $\omega$6 fatty acids have gradually increased with the time postpartum, but the composition were not greatly influenced by dietary intakes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between postpartium joint diseases and maternal season. So it can prevent postpartum joint diseases and provide fundamental data about postpartum health care. Methods: The subject of the present study was 219 women (142 women who completed vaginal delivery and 77 women who delivered by cesarean section) who completed labor between November 1, 2013 and November 31, 2016, at the clinic of OB&GYN. They have been taking good care of their health at postpartum clinic in Andong Woori Women Hospital. We investigated the various symptoms and situation which occurred from the moment of hospital to postnatal admission health care period and oriental doctor examined the patients. We classified the symptoms by the age of patients, the method of delivery, the term of pregnancy, the body weight of infant, the weight change of mother and the way of feeding. Through data analysis, we investigated the correlation between maternal season and postpartum joint diseases. Results: Postpartum joint diseases were the most common among all symptoms after childbirth. Postpartum joint diseases were classified into shoulder area pain and low back pain. In low back pain, there was no significant difference between maternal season and postpartum joint diseases. In shoulder, wrist and finger pain, pain was the most severe at winter delivery. It was the most painful in winter, followed by autumn, spring and summer. Conclusion: There was a close correlation between postpartum joint disease manifestations and maternal season.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-77
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop child's health assessment tools and tailored home visiting nursing service model in a community. Methods: Based on the literature review and several types of workshops participated with the child health nursing professors and visiting nurses in public health centers from May to December 2009, the standards of child health assessment tools, service model and education materials for visiting nurses were developed. Results: Some record forms were newly developed, including neonatal assessment, breast feeding, mother-infant interaction, oral care, vaccination and safety, and appropriate developmental screening tests in the community were selected. For systematic health care management in the community, problem list, problem criteria, health care plan, outcome criteria were also developed. Conclusion: On the demand of growing need for health promotion and early intervention for children and their association with parenting and socioeconomic status, assessment and control measures are indispensable to the promotion of child health for vulnerable population. Children's health and developmental problems, and safe circumstances can be assessed using this assessment tools, and can be used for tailored home visiting nursing care for children.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.6
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• pp.66-77
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of an educational program for primiparas on maternal confidence and continuity of breastfeeding. The subjects of this study were the healthy mothers, and the healthy infants whose weight was more than 2.500gm and gestational age was more than 37 weeks. The final targets were thirty seven mothers-19 of intervention group and 18 of control group. Data were collected from 15th of March to 3rd of September, 1999. To the intervention group, education on infant care and breast feeding were provided before discharge. And that, telephone advice was provided within one week after discharge, and at 2 months postpartum. And that, reeducation and counsel were provided at one month and three months postpartum by home-visiting care for the intervention group. For the control group. home visiting was also conducted only for data collection. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The maternal confidence of the experimental group was higher than that of control group at one month postpartum. but the difference of confidence of these two groups were not significant at three months postpartum. 2. For both of experimental and control groups, maternal confidence significantly increased at three months postpartum than one month postpartum. 3. The rate of breastfeeding of the experimental group was higher than that of control group at one month and two months postpartum (p=.050, p=.049). But the difference was not significant at three months, although experimental group continued breastfeeding more(47.4%) than control group(27.8%). In conclusion, educational program for primiparas of this study was effective in the promotion of maternal confidence and breastfeeding.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to analyze the nursing focuses for standardization of ICU nursing records. Methods: The data were collected from 1,000days'nursing records of 197 ICU patients at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Nursing focuses were unified at the consulting group meeting and they were cross-mapped with the NANDA nursing diagnoses. Results: The 62 nursing focuses in 7 NANDA categories were extracted from nursing record. Among total nursing focuses 41 correspond to the NANDA nursing diagnoses and 21 were added to ICU nursing focuses. The 10 most frequently used nursing focuses are 'Ineffective airway clearance', 'Impaired gas exchange', 'Ineffective tissue perfusion: cardiopulmonary', 'Ineffective breathing pattern', 'Ineffective tissue perfusion: renal', 'Ineffective infant feeding pattern', 'Risk for impaired skin integrity', 'Hyperthermia', 'Impaired skin integrity', 'Decreased cardiac output', Conclusion: Nursing focuses list of ICU was extracted from the result of this study. These nursing focuses might form a framework for development of research-based assessment guideline and care plans for ICU patients through standardization of nursing records.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

Clinical findings in neonates and infants with cholestasis characteristically include prolonged jaundice, acholic stool, pruritus and failure to thrive. We report two cases of cholestasis presenting with spontaneous bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency. Laboratory studies on admission revealed moderate liver dysfunction and a bleeding tendency due to vitamin K deficiency. After administration of vitamin K, the bleeding tendency disappeared. Vitamin K deficiency was resulting from a combination of cholestasis-induced fat malabsorption and low vitamin K supplementation due to breast-milk feeding. Cholestasis should be considered in neonate and infant with a bleeding tendency.