• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.245-251
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• 2017

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a procurement method that has been proved to improve construction project performance. However, in China implementation of IPD practices in construction projects is unknown though some researchers have studied the problems and constraints in adoption IPD. The purpose of this study was to explore IPD adoption in Chinese construction industry. Critical components of IPD implementation were reviewed, and questionnaires were distributed to collect industry views. The results revealed that IPD uptake is still low. In particular, the liability waiver and shared risks and rewards have been rarely used. In addition, co-location, value engineering method and the new compensation approach have also been hardly adopted. Some practices related to early involvement of key parties were adopted. Surprisingly, the findings indicate that the client has been continuously involved in the projects. The findings may imply that the legal issues and problems of contractual frameworks are still constraining IPD implementation in Chinese construction industry.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 방사선을 이용하여 다공성 polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) 지지체에 acrylonitrile(AN)과 친수성 작용기를 가진 sodium allylsulfonate(SAS)를 접목시켜 복합 연료전지막의 지지체로 사용되는 친수화 다공성 지지체를 제조하였다. SAS/AN의 몰비율, 단량체 농도, 방사선의 조사선량에 변화를 주어 제조된 지지체의 물성을 평가하였다. 제조된 지지체의 FTIR 분석을 통하여 각 단량체들이 다공성 PTFE 지지체에 성공적으로 그래프팅되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 FE-SEM과 gurley number 측정을 이용하여 그래프트율이 증가할수록 지지체 표면의 기공이 감소하는 것을 관찰하였고, 그래프트율, 접촉각, TBO(toluidine blue O) uptake 분석을 통해 그래프트율이 증가됨에 따라 제조된 지지체의 친수화도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 방사선 동시조사법을 이용하여 다양한 그래프트율과 두께를 가진 ETFE-g-PSSA막을 제작하였다. 다양한 방사선 조사조건에서 제조된 ETFE-g-PSSA 막들은 SEM-EDX 기기를 이용하여 막 내부의 황(sulfur) 원소의 상대적 분포도를 측정하여 그래프트 고분자의 막 단면 분포경향을 연구하였다. 본 연구 결과 균일한 그래프트 고분자의 분포도를 갖는 ETFE-g-PSSA막을 제작하기 위해서는 스타이렌 단량체는 디클로로메탄 용액에서 60(v/v%) 이하여야 하고 두께가 두꺼울수록 높은 그래프트율을 얻어야 함을 확인하였다. 다양한 두께와 그래프트율을 가진 막들의 이온교환용량(IEC)과 함수율(water uptake)을 측정하여 막 두께와 그래프트율에 의한 영향을 평가하였다.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2019

The advent of digitalisation has transformed economies into more integrated, but increasingly complex systems. This new trend has brought dynamic changes in the manufacturing sector through advanced ICT infrastructure, smart factories, digitally-controlled logistics, and skilled ICT-labour. The impacts of the digital economy on manufacturing could be best illustrated through "Industry 4.0." With this wave of technological advancement, countries aim to establish an industrial ecosystem where every manufacturing process and function is connected and interacts through digital networks. Industry 4.0 presents opportunities for Emerging Asia, as the region has emerged as a fast-growing manufacturing hub and particularly a production base for ICT goods. However, growing production capacity, increased exports, and increases in FDI in the field of ICT goods manufacturing have so far contributed little to the development and diffusion of ICT. A huge gap exists in the ICT uptake amongst countries and between small and large firms. This paper highlights the level of Industry 4.0 readiness of Emerging Asia and key factors that determine its enhancement.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and the effects of near infrared lighted garments on thermo-physiological responses in human body. Seven healthy adult men were recruited for this study. All subjects were informed the contents and purpose of this study. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber of $32^{\circ}C$, 60%RH with 'Rest', 'Exercise' and 'Recovery' period. The experimental garments consisted of briefs, undershirts(sleeveless), nightclothes, T-shirts, knee-trousers and socks. Subjects participated in two experiments, one was wearing near infrared lighted garments(NIR-O), the other was wearing regular garments(NIR-X). The order of experiment was randomized, and subjects wore experimental garments before 24 hours in order to benefit by near infrared light. Measurement items included rectal temperature ($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature ($\bar{T}_{sk}$), sweat rate, heart rate, oxygen uptake and subjective sensation. The results are as follows: As to the variation of rectal temperature and mean skin temperature, value of wearing NIR-X was higher than value of wearing NIR-O, indicating a significant level of difference (p<.001). Sweat rate under NIR-O and NIR-X condition were 575.35 g and 535.75 g, respectively. Heart rate value of NIR-X condition was higher than NIR-O. Oxygen uptake measured during experiment was the higher in NIR-X condition with significant difference (p<.001). In the subjective sensation, the value of NIR-O condition was higher than NIR-X condition without significantly difference.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the functionality with material-improved working uniform(protocol, P) and current working uniform(control, C). Movement functionality evaluation of material-improved working uniform was carried out through sensory evaluation of working uniform. And Oxygen uptake was explored to different working uniform(P, C) in relation to a physiological functionality measurement. The results have been shown as follows: It was found that the workers feel uncomfortable with the parts of the wrist, the back width, the shoulder seam and the side in the current working uniform when they move their arms up and down, but the inconvenience has been reduced in the material-improved working uniform. And It was found that the workers feel uncomfortable with the parts of the back width, the wrist and the side seam of the jacket, and the waist, the hips and the thigh of the trousers in the current working uniform when they move their waist, but the inconvenience has been reduced in the material-improved working uniform. In the current working uniform, it was also found that they feel uncomfortable with the parts of the horse riding position in which they stand straight in their slightly bended knees, with the parts of the hips, the side seam, the thigh and the knees when they crouch down, and with the parts of the hips and the thigh when they put one of their legs onto a higher place. However, the inconvenience was reduced in the material-improved working uniform. Oxygen uptake, which was measured to assess physiological dressing functionality, was found to be higher when people work in an uncomfortable uniform than when they work in a uniform of better functionality by an increase in metabolic rate, which can be a cause of workers' inefficiency of fatigue.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing properties and anti-microbial ability of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Terminalia chebula Retzius(TCR) extract using two extraction solvent, hot water and methanol. Dyeing properties of fabrics were studied by investigating the characteristics of colorant, changes in dye uptake under different dyeing conditions, and by investigating color change when mordants were applied. Also, color fastness, and antimicrobial activity of dyed fabrics were estimated. Regardless of extraction solvent type, colorant showed maximum absorption wavelength at 280 nm and 578 nm, which implied that tannin was the major pigment component of TCR. Also, through FT-IR spectrum result, it was confirmed that tannin of TCR methanol extract was hydrolysable tannin. But for the hot water extract, it was only assumed that its tannin was condenced tannin. Fabric dyed with hot water solvent extract showed higher dye uptake than fabric dyed with methanol solvent extract, dye uptake increasing by higher concentration of the dye, longer dyeing time and higher dyeing temperature. And the absorption curve between TCR extract and protein fiber was shaped in the form of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fabric dyed without mordant was yellow in color, and when dyed with mordant, fabric showed various colors depending on mordant types except Sn. Color fastness to washing was generally fine and color fastness to light was moderate. But color fastness to rubbing and dry cleaning was outstanding. Lastly, dyed fabrics showed very good antimicrobial activity of 99.9% against Staphylococcus aureus and Kiebsiella pneumoniae.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1228-1241
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• 2011

This research compares the change in berberine content in liquid dye and the color and dye uptake of amur cork tree dyed silk upon thermal degradation treatment. Thermal degradation of amur cork tree extract and liquid dye of standard berberine was carried out at room temperature, $4^{\circ}C$ refrigeration, and $100^{\circ}C$ oven conditions for 0-192 hours. Amur cork tree dyed silk was treated in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven for 0-240 hours. The berberine content in liquid dye was measured by the relative abundance of the berberine peak in the HPLC-MS chromatograms. The color and dye uptake of dyed silk was measured using K/S value and colorimetric data. The berberine content in standard berberine dye was 2.4 times that of the amur cork tree extract. A similar result was observed between the K/S value of standard berberine dyed silk and that of amur cork tree dyed silk. The berberine dyed silk showed the highest dye uptake after 120 hours in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven. This result was similar to the change in a berberine content in liquid dye in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven treatment. The change of the K/S value of amur cork tree dyed silk and berberine content of amur cork tree extract was similar up to 24 hours. The result suggests that there is a direct relationship between the color change of amur cork tree dyed silk and the berberine content in amur cork tree dye.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.2023-2025
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• 2008

To evaluate the potential of radioiodine labelled hypericin as a malignant glioma imaging agent, U-251 MG, U-373 MG, C6 glioma and fibroblast were treated with a I-123 labelled hypericin derivative and C6 glioma transplanted nude mouse were injected with a I-124 labelled hypericin derivative for a micro PET imaging. 2- Iodohypericin was prepared as a reference compound. In this paper, we describe the syntheses of 2- iodohypericin and 2-[$^{123}I/^{124}I$]iodohypericin and the results of a corresponding biological evaluation. In all glioma cell lines, 2-[$^{123}I$]iodohypericin uptake was increased in a time dependant manner and an accumulation of 2-[$^{124}I$]iodohypericin was observed in C6 glioma bearing nude mouse. These results suggest that radioiodine labelled hypericin can visualize a PKC overexpressed malignant glioma.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.717-722
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• 2012

Fluoride can be easily found in semiconductor and display industry. However, there is a lack of research for its effects on the related wastewater treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbial inhibitory effect by fluoride injection. The research entailed the assessment of removal efficiency of $TCOD_{Cr}$ according to the fluoride concentration and also the Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) was measured. The laboratory scale reactor was prepared and operated with the fluoride concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L based on concentrations frequently occurring in the wastewater. The results from this study showed that, as the fluoride concentration increase, the Specific Substrate Utilization Rate (SSUR) tend to decrease as expected. Also, the increase in fluoride concentrations resulted in the decrease in SOUR. It is determined that fluoride injection affects the microbial activity. Especially, The addition of above 200 mg/L fluoride into reactor caused rapidly decreased SSUR and SOUR due to the inhibitory effects of fluoride.