• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2011

The rhizome of Alisma orientale Juzep (Alismataceae) has been used as a crude drug for diabetes, edema, inflammation and urinary disturbances in oriental medicine. Recent animal studies have shown that the extract of Alisma orientale rhizome (AOR) can potently lower high levels of serum lipids and improve insulin resistance, which are usually detected in patients and animals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. So, we studied the antioxidative effects of AOR extracts and fraction in vitro and their protective effects against acute hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in vivo.. We then investigated the effects of each fraction on hepatotoxicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). DAOR (dichloromethane fraction of the Alisma orientale rhizome) scavenged free radicals and superoxide anions. DAOR protected against $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity. DAOR had hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects against t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2000

The hepatoprotective effects of bergenin and its derivative, acetylbergenin, were evaluated against D-galactosamine-induced liver damage in rats. Bergenin is a C-glucoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid that has been isolated from the cortex of Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). Acetylbergenin was synthesized from acetylation of bergenin to increase lipophilic and physiological activities. Bergenin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and acetylbergenin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for successive 5 days after the injection of galactosamine (400 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. The substantially elevated serum enzyme activities of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ due to galactosamine treatment were dose-dependently restored towards normalization by post-treatment with bergenin and acetylbergenin. Bergenin and acetylbergenin also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and depletion of reduced glutathione content induced by galactosamine in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were restored towards normalization. These results suggest that effects of bergenin and acetylbergenin may be related to complex mechanisms that involve prevention of lipid peroxidation and preservation of hepatic glutathione. The results of this study clearly indicate that bergenin and acetylbergenin have potent hepatotherapeutic action against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, and lipophilic acetylbergenin is more active in the antihepatotoxic effects against galactosamine than much less lipophilic bergenin.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Oenanthe javanica (OJ) extracts on rats with potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemia. Methods: The effects of OJ extract on rats with PO-induced hyperuricemia-induced were monitored. Changes in the body weight and organ indices of hyperuricemic rats were calculated to detect anti-hyperuricemic effects. Blood samples were collected to observe the effect of reducing serum uric acid concentration. Kidney tissues were stained to observe histopathological changes under a microscope. The activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), which catalyzes xanthine to uric acid in the liver, was assessed to observe the inhibitory effect of XO. Results: 1. The body weight of hyperuricemic rats showed no considerable differences between the control group and the treatment group. The OJ group had significantly improved liver index, whereas the allopurinol group had improved liver and kidney indices. 2. Serum uric acid levels increased significantly after PO injection, and the OJ and allopurinol groups showed a significant reduction effect. 3. PO injection led to the inflammation of kidney tissues, and OJ improved it significantly. 4. The activity of XO after PO injection was significantly increased, and allopurinol significantly inhibited XO activity in the liver. Conclusion: In the hyperuricemia rat model, OJ extract reduced uric acid concentration and demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, OJ extracts can be used to lower uric acid levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease characterized by an imbalance in immune function and the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin (Libof), is an essential water-soluble vitamin with numerous beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of Libof on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. The C57BL/6 mice were used as the in vivo model of chronic colitis to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Libof. RAW 264.7 cells were used for the in vitro investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In vivo, Libof alleviated the DSS-induced disease activity index (DAI), colon length shortening, and colonic pathological damage. In vitro, Libof inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, Libof inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicate that Libof shows potential as an agent for the treatment of UC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.277-281
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• 1990

Xylazine is commonly used for anesthesia in veterinary medicine and various adverse effects are developed. To examine if the severe hypotensive response associated with xylazine-induced anesthesia might be resulted from the stimulation of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors or the increase of vagal tone, effects of yohimbine, atropine and atropine with vagotomy on xylazine-induced severe and long-lasting hypotensive responses were investigated in rabbits. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Intravenously injected xylazine(1mg/kg)-induced hypotensive responses were inhibited by yohimbine(p<0.001). 2) Intravenously injected xylazine(1mg/kg)-induced hypotensive responses were not changed by atropine. 3) Intravenously administered xylazine(1mg/kg)-induced hypotensive responses are not changed by atropine with vagotomy. These results indicate that xylazine is thought to cause severe hypotensive response during anesthesia primarily by stimulating presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors and other receptors or mechanisms may participate in the hgpotensive response of xylazine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2020

This study examined the effect of 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (DHT) on UVB-induced photoaging and determined its molecular mechanisms, using HaCaT human keratinocytes and SKH-1 hairless mice. DHT suppressed UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in HaCaT cells. In vivo data from mouse skin supported that DHT decreased UVB-induced wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression. DHT appeared to exert its anti-aging effects by suppressing UVB-induced Raf-1 kinase activity and subsequent attenuation of UVB-induced phosphorylation of MEK, ERK, and p90RSK in HaCaT cells. In vitro and in vivo pull-down assays revealed that DHT bound with Raf-1 in ATP-noncompetitive manner. Overall, DHT appears to anti-photoaging effects in vitro and in vivo through the suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and may have potential as a treatment for the prevention of skin aging.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2001

Drug inetraction between of enalapril-induced angiotensin converting enzym) inhibitory effect and Ginkgo biloba Ext.-induced antioxidant action was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Combination treatment of enalapril (20 mg/kg/day p.o.) and Ginkgo biloba Ext. (60 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 6 weeks in drinking water to SHRs resulted the inhibition of ACE activity in lung tissue, angiotensin I-induced pressure response and plasma angiotensin II concentration as similar to enalapril alone treatment. But these effects were sustained after 1 week withdrawal of enalapril and Ginkgo biloba Ext. co-administeration. Also, coadministered group did not increase the concentration of bradykinin in lung tissue, which were different from enalapril alone treated group. Co-administration of enalapril and Ginkgo biloba Ext. inhibited the hemolysis induced by UV B type, even Ginkgo biloba Ext. alone treated group did not. These results suggested that Ginkgo biloba Ext. sustained ACE inhibitory effect and reduced the inhibitory effect of bradykinin inactivation induced by enalapril, meanwhile, enalapril increased the antioxidant effect of Ginkgo biloba Ext.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.209.2-209.2
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• 2003

The effects of the methanol subfraction of Pueraria radix on hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation and Cd-induced cytotoxicity were investigated in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. After the methanol subfraction treatment, the content of MDA induced by 600${\mu}$M H2O2 significantly decreased in proportion to the subfraction concentrations as well as 50${\mu}$M CdCl2-induced cytotoxicity. Especially, 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg concentration of methanol subfraction was strongly shown inhibition of lipid peroxidation and detoxification of Cd. These results suggest that the methanol subfraction of Pueraria radix retains a potential antioxidant and protective effect against cadmium.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.832-844
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to observe the nephroprotective effects of the traditional prescription, Taeksa-san(TSS). TSS has generally been used for treating various renal diseases, including renal failure. Methods : Three different dosages of TSS extract were orally administered once a day for 28 days, At the 23rd day after TSS extract treatment, cisplatin was also treated. Then, 5 days after cisplatin treatment, all the rats (6 groups of 8 rats each) were sacrificed. Changes in the body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine levels were observed with changes on the kidney MDA and GSH contents. The results were compared with captopril 100mg/kg, of which the effects on cisplatin-induced acute renal failures are already confirmed. Results : Dramatic decrease of body weight, increase of kidney weight, increase of serum BUN and creatinine levels were detected in the cisplatin control as compared with the intact control. In addition, marked increase of kidney MDA contents and decrease of kidney GSH contents were also detected in the cisplatin control as compared with the intact control. This means that cisplatin-induced ARF is induced by oxidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these ARFs and inhibition of antioxidant effects induced by cisplatin were dose-dependently reduced by treatment with all three different dosages of TSS extracts. Conclusion : This study suggests that TSS extracts show favorable effects on cisplatin-induced rat ARF.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to assess the ameliorative effects of Gagam-GongJin-dan (WSY-1075) composited with Corni Fructus, Angelica gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Ginseng Radix, Cervi parvum Cornu and Cinnamomi Cortex in contact dermatitis animal model. Methods : WSY-1075 was orally administrated the various concentrations (50-400 mg/kg, body weight/day) with one time per day for 10 days from 4 days after DNFB sensitization. We investigated ameliorative effects of WST-1075 on the scratching behavior, skin clinical serverity and inflammatory mediators in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis mice. Results : The orally administration of WSY-1075 (400 mg/kg) inhibited the scratching behavior induced by sensitization and challenge with DNFB. WSY-1075 (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) administration also reduced the skin damage, inflammatory mediators, mast cell infiltration induced by DNFB. Moreover, WSY-1075 (above 200 mg/kg) administration inhibited the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 in DNFB-induced contact dermatitis mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that WSY-1075 administration (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) has the ameliorative effects on the scratching behavior, the clinical signs, mast cell infiltration and inflammatory mediators in DNFB-induced contact dermatitis animal model mice.