• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

There is a commonality between Frank Lloyd Wright and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in that they created the new patterns of geometric Art Nouveau from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This study compares the furniture of Wright and Mackintosh who had significant impacts on the development of modern design for each of the periods divided by their design feature to find the individualities and similarities of their design. It is an analytical approach with an accurate understanding of the design trends of the Art Nouveau era. The results of the furniture comparison are as follows: The finding is that Wright and Mackintosh designed creative furniture in harmony with a specific indoor space, Organic design was well expressed through the selection and use of wooden materials, Based on the understanding of tree characteristics, they did not use detailed decorations, but designed the simple and rigorous forms of furniture with highlighted interest in geometry. As for shape, Wright's furniture in his early days tend to be look largely formal and heavy. Since his debut in Japan in 1905, the furniture design became very sophisticated. On the other hand, Mackintosh's chairs are characterized by plenty of geometric patterns and long back. In many cases, his chairs were designed as part of formative elements in space, not for the purpose of furniture itself. As for materials and colors, Wright used mainly cherry wood. And he also utilized metals colored in olive green, red-brown and others for office furniture. The frames, fabrics and leather used for most of the furniture have natural colors, which are harmonious with spaces. Meantime, Mackintosh used primarily oak and ash trees. He used seat cushions and various colors to make the design of furniture have a sophisticated and simple image. The materials used for seat panel are horsehair, rush, silk and leather. He applied these materials to the furniture by weaving or cutting them.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.898-902
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• 2015

Alternative radio-navigation technologies aim at providing continuous navigation solution even if one cannot use GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). In shadowing region such as indoor environment, GNSS signal is no longer available and the alternative navigation system should be used together with GNSS to provide seamless positioning. For soldiers in battlefield where GNSS signal is jammed or in street battle, the alternative navigation system should work without positioning infrastructure. Moreover, the radio-navigation system should have scalability as well as high accuracy performance. This paper presents a TWR (Two-Way-Ranging)-based cooperative positioning system (CPS) that does not require location infrastructure. It is assumed that some members of CPS can obtain GNSS-based position and they are called mobile anchors. Other members unable to receive GNSS signal compute their position using TWR measurements with mobile anchors and neighboring members. Error propagation in CPS is analytically studied in this paper. Error budget for TWR measurements is modeled first. Next, location error propagation in CPS is derived in terms of range errors. To represent the location error propagation in the CPS, Location Error Propagation Indicator (LEPI) is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that location error of tags in CPS is mainly influenced by the number of hops from anchors to the tag to be positioned as well as the network geometry of CPS.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5333-5341
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• 2014

최근 실내공간정보 기반의 시설물 운영관리에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 BIM과 GIS를 연계한 시설물 유지관리에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 대용량 데이터에 대한 형상정보의 가시화 처리는 중요한 이슈로, 유지관리 시스템 운영에 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 본 연구는 GIS 기반 BIM 모델의 효과적 가시화 구현을 위하여 IFC 스키마 기반의 시나리오를 통한 공간인덱싱 알고리즘을 설계하고, OcTree 기법을 적용하여 공간인덱싱 알고리즘을 일부 구현하였다. 구현된 결과를 IFC 샘플데이터에 테스트한 후 최종적으로 BIM 데이터의 효과적 가시화를 위한 공간인덱싱 기법을 제안한다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2012

There are increasing demands from the industry for intelligent robot-calibration solutions, which can be tightly integrated to the manufacturing process. A proposed solution can simplify conventional robot-calibration and teaching methods without tedious procedures and lengthy training time. iGPS(Indoor GPS) system is a laser based real-time dynamic tracking/measurement system. The key element is acquiring and reporting three-dimensional(3D) information, which can be accomplished as an integrated system or as manual contact based measurements by a user. A 3D probe is introduced as the user holds the probe in his hand and moves the probe tip over the object. The X, Y, and Z coordinates of the probe tip are measured in real-time with high accuracy. In this paper, a new approach of robot-calibration and teaching system is introduced by implementing a 3D measurement system for measuring and tracking an object with motions in up to six degrees of freedom. The general concept and kinematics of the metrology system as well as the derivations of an error budget for the general device are described. Several experimental results of geometry and its related error identification for an easy compensation / teaching method on an industrial robot will also be included.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

GPS has been increasingly exploited to provide positioning and navigation solutions for a variety of applications. In vessel berthing application, however, there are stringent requirements in terms of positioning accuracy, availability and integrity that cannot be satisfied by GPS alone. This is because the performance of satellite-based positioning and navigation systems are heavily dependent on both the number and the geometric distribution of satellite tracked by receivers. Due to the limited number of GPS satellites, a sufficient number of ‘visible’ satellites cannot be sometimes guaranteed. This paper discusses some issues associated with the implementation of ground-based pseudolite augmentation for vessel berthing. Pseudolite means small transmitter that transmits GPS-like signals in local area. Actually, pseudolite can play three different roles in GPS augmentation scheme, depending on the operational conditions. Firstly, in the case of kinematic GPS operation where there are no signal blockages, and more than five satellites are available, additional pseudolites strengthen the GPS satellite-pseudolite geometry, and more accurate and reliable positioning solution can be achieved. Secondly, in the case when there are adverse GPS operational environments in which the number of tracked satellites is less than four, pseudolites can complement the GPS signals. In the third case, GPS signals are completely unavailable, such as when operated indoor. In such cases the pseudolites can replace the satellite constellation. However, the first role will be considered in this paper, since more than four satellite signals can usually be tracked in most marine applications. This paper presents that the pseudolite-augmented precise positioning system can provides continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy through comparison analysis of RDOP simulation result of the GPS satellite constellation and the pseudolite-augmented GPS satellite constellation.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2021

When a dangerous event arises for people inside a building and an immediate evacuation is required, it is important that suitable routes have been previously defined. These situations can happen especially when buildings are crowded, making the occupants have a very high vulnerability and can be trapped if they do not evacuate quickly and safely. However, in most cases, routes are considered based just on their proximity or short distance to the exit areas, and evacuation simulations that include more variables are not performed. This work aims to propose a methodology for building's indoor evacuation activities under the premise of processing simulation scenarios in multi-agent environments. In the methodology, importance indexes of simplified and validated geometry data from a BIM (Building Information Modeling) are considered as heuristic input data in a proposed algorithm. The algorithm is based on AP-Theta^* pathfinding and collision avoidance machine learning techniques. It also includes conditioning variables such as the number of people, speed of movement as well as reaction ability of the agents that influence the evacuation times. Moreover, collision avoidance is applied between people or with objects along the route. The simulations using the proposed algorithm are tested in NetLogo for diverse scenarios, showing feasible evacuation routes and calculating evacuation times in a multi-agent environment. The experimental results are obtained by applying the method in a study case and demonstrate the level of effectiveness of the algorithm, and the influence of the conditioning variables analyzed together when performing safe evacuation routes.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

도시철도 차량의 운행은 터널 공기를 오염시키는 주된 원인이므로, 마모입자를 제거하는데 집진장치가 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다. 차량의 하부에 장착될 수 있는 집진장치의 설계조건을 파악하기 위하여 3차원 초음파 풍속계와 입자측정기를 사용하여 차량 하부의 풍속과 입자농도를 조사하였다. 2015년 2월 10일 수도권 지하철 5호선에서 운행되는 차량을 대상으로 측정하였다. 측정자료는 역 사이 노선의 형상(직선, 곡선)과 차량 속도패턴(가속, 정속 및 감속)을 구분하여 분석하였다. 차량속도도 함께 분석하였다. 직선 및 곡선 구간 모두 차량 하부의 평균 풍속은 차량속도의 약 30%이었고, 미세먼지($PM_{10}$) 농도는 약 $200{\mu}g/m^3$이었다. 감속구간에서 평균 $PM_{10}$ 농도는 가속구간에 비해 더 높았다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2010

굴절법 탄성파탐사는 직접파와 임계굴절파를 이용하여 지하의 속도구조를 파악하는 지구물리탐사방법이다. GRM은 해석기법 중의 하나로서 수개의 정방향 및 역방향 발파의 주행시간을 이용하여 경사면은 물론 저속도층이나 얇은 층과 같은 숨은 층 하부에 대한 정보까지 제공한다. 이 연구에서는 5~7점 발파가 수행된 후 실내 자료처리 작업이 진행되는 일발적인 조사와 달리, 신축부지의 터파기 과정 및 시추자료에서 해석된 풍화대/기반암의 2층 구조를 대상으로 현장에서 간단히 양단발파 자료만을 가지고 엑셀 기반의 GRM을 적용시켜 풍화대와 기반암의 경계면을 신속히 파악할 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 이 방법의 적용효과와 계산의 신뢰도를 확인하기 위해 정사각과 속도대비 변화에 따른 각 모형에 대한 적용성을 검토한 결과 각각 최대 약 $30^{\circ}C$의 경사와 최대 0.6의 속도대비가 되는 경계면을 해석할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 청주화강암체에 대한 실제 현장탐사에서 해석된 기반암까지의 깊이는 시추자료 및 SPS 검층 자료에서 도출된 연암 상부의 표면과 잘 상관되었다. 실제 현장에서 기반암까지의 깊이를 간편한 엑셀-GRM을 이용하여 신속히 추정할 수 있다는 점에서 기반암의 깊이가 심하게 변하지 않은 좁은 지역에서의 풍화대 조사 및 이에 따른 저비용의 탐사설계에 일정한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.