• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2017

Due to the large size and high complexity of modern buildings, the interest and the studies about indoor spatial information are increasing. Previous studies related to indoor spatial information were mostly about relevant technologies, and the application of indoor spatial information has been less studied. In the present study, the public administrative work areas where indoor spatial information may be applied were identified by using a modified delphi technique. And the indoor LOD (Level of Detail) and indoor positioning accuracy for indoor spatial information applications considering user requirements was established as standards for efficiently establishing and providing services. The required LOD and positioning accuracy for services was established by reestablishing indoor LOD and positioning accuracy and classifying services with reference to those. The indoor LOD was reestablished from LOD 0 to 4 by focusing on service utilization and general recognition, and the positioning accuracy was reestablished in three levels by considering the accuracy of the present positioning technology and service utilization status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2018

In order to overcome the problem that outdoor and indoor spatial information service are separately utilized, an integration service system of spatial information that is linked from outdoor to indoor has been implemented. As a result of the study, "0001.xml" corresponding to the file index key value, which is the service connection information in the building information of the destination, was extracted from the prototype verification of the system, the search word of 'Kim AB' was transmitted to the indoor map server and converted from the outdoor map service to the indoor map service through confirmation of the navigation service connected information, using service linkage information and search words of the indoor map service was confirmed that the route was displayed from the entrance of the building to the destination in the building through the linkage search DB (Database) table and the search query. Therefore, through this study was examined the possibility of linking indoor and outdoor DB through vector spatial information integration service system. The indoor map and the map engine were implemented based on the same vector map format as the outdoor map engine, it was confirmed that the connectivity of the map engine can be applied.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Indoor space is a new horizon of spatial information services. With recent progress of indoor positioning technologies and mobile devices such as smart phones, indoor spatial information services become available and an emerging market. Accordingly, exchanging and sharing indoor spatial information between independent services become an important issue. For this reason, a standardization working group, called IndoorGML has been launched last year in OGC with the aim of publishing IndoorGML standard by September, 2013. Its primary goal is to provide a framework for representing network topology in indoor space, which is a fundamental element of indoor LBS. In this paper, we will explain the basic concepts of indoorGML and discuss the modeling issues. And several application use-cases of IndoorGML will be also presented in this paper.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.41-52
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• 2015

MOLIT (Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) authorized Indoor Spatial Information as Basic spatial information in 2013. It became a legal evidence for constructing and managing Indoor Spatial Information. Although it has a little advantage to utilize as service level that Indoor Spatial Information by laser scan or measurement, it has a lot of problems such as consuming many resources, requiring additional progresses for inputting Object Information. In conclusion, it is inefficient to utilize for the maintenance and domestic AEC/FM field. The purposes of this study is to output Indoor Spatial Information by operating IFC model which based on open BIM and to improve availability of Indoor Spatial Information with data visualization. The open-sources of IFC Exporter, a inner program of Revit (Autodesk Inc), is used to output Indoor Spatial Information. Directs 3D Library is also operated to visualize Indoor Spatial Information. It is possible to inter-operate between XML format and the objects of Indoor Spatial Information. It can be utilized in various field as well. For example COBie linkage in facility management, construction of geo-database using air-photogrammetry of UAV (Unmaned Areal Vehicle), the simulation of large-scale military operations and the simulation of large-scale evacuation. The method that is purposed in this study has outstanding advantages such as conformance with national spatial information policy, high level of interoperability as indoor spatial information objects based on IFC, convenience of editing information, light level of data and simplifying progress of producing information.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

W ith the recent increasing build and application for 3D spatial information, the importance of management and application for spatial information based on indoor space has been increased. Especially, Due to the increasing of the scale and complexity of the building according to the development of construction technologies several studies have been conducted to provide the services based on indoor space such as indoor navigation for disaster. Therefore, to efficient manage and service for information of complicated indoor space, it is necessary to extend and develop 3D spatial model and services that have been developed for outdoor space. In this paper, Indoor Spatial Data Model(ISDM) is developed to support building spatial information for complicated indoor space and location based services through topological information. ISDM contains a feature model which is a CityGML Application Domain Extension(ADE) model and a topology model that refers the IndoorGML.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

Increasing size and complexity of indoor structures have led to much more complication in the spatial cognition and situational awareness. Contrary to outdoor environments, occupants have limited information regarding the indoor space syntax in terms of architectural and semantic information as well as how they interact with their surroundings. The availability of such information could give conveniences to both users and managers in various aspects. In order to visualize the exact location of rooms and utilities in 3D, many studies and projects have utilized BIM models because of its promising value of representing building components. In fact, the application of BIM provides definitive spatial indoor data and creates services for indoor space management and navigation. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of practices on BIM-based indoor spatial information implementation and location-based services. It is expected that enabling of technologies, data-rich content and accessibility of information products will accelerate the growth of the spatially-related markets in various fields.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

In recent years, according to the increase of interests in indoor space, various researches are being carried out for the construction and services of indoor spatial information. BIM data is very useful to build indoor spatial information. Accordingly, many studies for the use of BIM data on GIS part are in progress. In order to take advantage of BIM data on GIS part, the conversion technology for building indoor data and visualization techniques are required. However, most of the previous researches are focused on the conversion technology to construct indoor spatial information by importing BIM data into GIS applications while there is few research on visualization. In this study, an indoor LOD(Level of Detail) model is proposed to apply to on indoor facility management system when indoor data was constructed based on BIM data for the linkage between BIM and GIS.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.89-101
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• 2013

Recently, importance of indoor space is on the rise, as larger and more complex buildings are taking place due to development of building technology. Accordingly, range of the target area of spatial information service is rapidly expanding from outdoor space to indoor space. Various demands for indoor spatial information are expected to be created in the future through development of high technologies such as IT Mobile and convergence with various area. Thus this research takes a look at available methods for building indoor spatial information and then builds high accuracy three-dimensional indoor spatial information using indoor high accuracy laser survey and 3D vector process technique. The accuracy of built 3D indoor model is evaluated by overlap analysis method refer to a digital map, and the result showed that it could guarantee its positional accuracy within 0.04m on the x-axis, 0.06m on the y-axis. This result could be used as a fundamental data for building indoor spatial data and for integrated use of indoor and outdoor spatial information.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1170-1178
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• 2022

Indoor POI data, an essential component of indoor spatial data, has attribute information of a specific place in the room and is the most critical information necessary for the user. Currently, indoor POI data is manually updated by direct investigation, which is expensive and time-consuming. Recently, research on updating POI using the attribute information of indoor photographs has been advanced to overcome these problems. However, the range of use, such as using only photographs with text information, is limited. Therefore, in this study, and to improvement this, I proposed a new method to update indoor POI data using a smartphone camera. In the proposed method, the POI name is obtained by classifying the indoor scene's photograph into artificial intelligence technology CNN and matching the location criteria to indoor spatial data through AR technology. As a result of creating and experimenting with a prototype application to evaluate the proposed method, it was possible to update POI data that reflects the real world with high accuracy. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as a complement or substitute for the existing methodologies that have been advanced mainly by direct research.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.441-453
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• 2008

With the rapid progress of location based services, GIS, and ubiquitous computing technologies, the space that we are dealing with is no longer limited to outdoor space but being extended to indoor space. Indoor space has some differences from outdoor space, therefore to provide integrated spaces and seamless services, it is required to establish new theories, data models, and systems. For this reason, ambitious project has been launched last year to establish a theoretical background, develop a core technologies and systems, and provide services of indoor spatial awareness. In this paper, we present an overall sketch on the project and major research topics. First, we present the ISA (indoor spatial awareness) project with its goal and research topics. Second, a simplified 3D spatial model, called prism model, is proposed as a basic data types and operators of indoor spatial DBMS. Third, a indoor feature data model, developed T. Kolbe et al. who is a member of this project team, is introduced in this paper. This model provides a basis for the integration of different spaces.