• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1997

Recently, the use of Dwelling House has been expanded due to the rapid urbainzation and congestion of population in City. Indoor Air Quality in apartment houses was investigated by measuring pollutants such as $CO_2$ gas, dust concentration. In this study, the mesurements of indoor air environment were performed in Dwelling house in Seoul area to investigate indoor air environment and the relation of air contaminative and the response level. Indoor air contamination and living environment of the occupants have been compared & analyzed with practical investigation of IAQ in Seoul, Korea and Tokyo, Japan.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.143-144
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• 2020

For modern people who spend 80% of the day indoors, indoor air quality is an important factor in their lives. Radon and fine dust, which are indoor air quality pollutants, cause various diseases and lung diseases, so a method is needed to reduce them. Therefore, this study intends to utilize the air pollutant adsorption properties of the carbonized sludge by using the carbonized sludge generated through drying and carbonization of the sludge. As a result of the experiment, it was shown that the concentration of radon and fine dust gradually decreased as the replacement ratio of carbonized sludge increased. The reason is that the carbonized sludge has the ability to adsorb fine dust and radon, so it is considered that it gradually decreases as the replacement ratio increases. Also, the compressive strength and flexural strength tend to decrease gradually. The reason for this is that the carbonized sludge has a number of internal voids, and as the replacement ratio increases, the internal voids increase and the strength decreases. If the refinement and strength of the carbonized sludge replacement ratio are supplemented, it is believed that it will be able to replace the existing finishing materials.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

Recently, concerns regarding indoor air quality in offices have continued to increase. Thirty offices in five metropolitan commercial buildings were surveyed from February to April 2004. Sampling was performed during normal business hours. Thermal comfort factors such as temperature and relative humidity, carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), respirable dust, $PM_{10}$ were sampled and analyzed to determine the mean, standard deviation, range, and correlation for each of those parameters. The data was then compared to office as standard of Ministry of Labor, and guideline applicable to the indoor environment. The results represented that the temperature was slightly higher than the standard of American Society of Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the relative humidity was lower that the standard of ASHRAE. The range of the 8-TWA concentration of $CO_2$ was 639 ~ 786 ppm, but 33.3% of the total thirty offices exceeded the 1000 ppm as ceiling concentration. The concentration of CO was less than 3 ppm, which was similar to that of offices in Japanese. The mean concentration of formaldehyde was 0.032 ppm, and only 2 % of total samples (193) exceeded the 0.1 ppm, standard of formaldehyde in office air. The concentration of respirable dust and $PM_{10}$ was not exceeded the standard of those parameters, $150{\mu}g/m^3$. The concentration of those parameters in the office air was statistically correlated.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2016

This study investigates the concentration sudden rise in fine particle according to resuspended dust from paved roads after sudden heavy rain in Busan on August 25, 2015. The localized torrential rainfall in Busan area occurred as tropical airmass flow from the south and polar airmass flow from north merged. Orographic effect of Mt. Geumjeong enforced rainfall and it amounted to maximum 80 mm/hr at Dongrae and Geumjeong region in Busan. This heavy rain induced flood and landslide in Busan and the nearby areas. The sudden heavy rain moved soil and gravel from mountainous region, which deposited on paved roads and near roadside. These matters on road suspended by an automobile transit, and increased fine particle concentration of air. In addition outdoor fine particle of high concentration flowed in indoor by shoes, cloths and air circulation.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

The common life with modern urban residence, spending more than 80~90% of daily life in indoor environment, makes the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) even higher. Many efforts have made to improve indoor air quality (IAQ), which requires those systematic approaches for field practice. A recent study reported that no general approach cannot be made for IAQ improvement due to the great deal of variety in different indoor environments. Those indoor spaces included in Korean IAQ regulation were classified based on their characteristics and the IAQ guideline was suggested for each group of indoor spaces. Apart from those indoor spaces, the classroom in elementary school has different characteristics. By introducing the systematic approaches, the elementary classroom was surveyed and analyzed to understand its characteristics in due IAQ consideration. Based on the characteristics, there are several IAQ control measures suggested, including ventilation operation, dust mat installation, and white board. $CO_2$ and airborne dust were monitored and analyzed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each control measure to IAQ. It was found that the general level of $CO_2$ concentration was managed under the IAQ guideline by applying the ventilator operation. The ventilation was also effective to the fugitive airborne particulate in elementary classroom environment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2005

To assess exposure of allergy patients to a biological environment, measurements were made of levels of airborne bacteria and fungi, house dust endotoxin and mite allergens in homes of 7 allergy patients and 12 healthy families. Concentrations of airborne total bacteria and the ratio of indoor and outdoor concentrations(I/O) in allergy patient's homes were high compared to non-allergy houses. But no significant differences could be shown for the concentration of spores of viable fungi and staphylococcus in indoor air between the homes of allergic patients and healthy families. The results of investigation on house dust mites, Dermatophagoids farinae were detected in all mattress samples and the levels in the allergy patient's homes were generally high, with individual measurements exceeding $2{\mu}g/g$ dust found in $30\%$ samples. In contrast with, Dermatophagoids pteronyssinus were detected in only $60\%$ samples and the concentrations were very low. The levels of endotoxin in dust samples collected from the allergy patient's home mattresses were higher than those of control houses. There was a positive correlation between the endotoxin levels and the house dust mite allergens.

• 센서학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

Six modules composed of individual sensors and circuit systems for oxygen, temperature, humidity, volatile organic compounds, dust, carbon dioxide, in the indoor air quality control were examined to see their individual performances. Experimental results showed that all the six modules were in good linearity with individual concentration variations

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2023

Background: Human exposure to phthalates in indoor environments occurs via dermal absorption, oral ingestion of indoor dust, and inhalation of indoor air. However, systematic studies to investigate the exposure rate to phthalates among the three exposure routes in indoor environments are currently limited. Objectives: A theoretical exposure ratio between inhalation and oral exposure was calculated based on the total amount of di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) emitted into indoor air and deposited into floor dust in a test house. Methods: Flooring and wallpaper containing DEHP were installed in a test house and the concentration of DEHP in both indoor air and floor dust were monitored for five months. Based on the measured DEHP concentrations, the theoretical total amount ratio of DEHP that could be exposed through inhalation and oral ingestion was calculated. Results: Considering the period of operation in the test house, the theoretical total amount of DEHP through inhalation and oral ingestion exposures in the entire test house space was calculated to be 0.014 mg and 5.5 mg, respectively. The exposure ratio of the two routes between inhalation and oral exposure corresponding to the total DEHP amount in flooring and wallpaper was 6.0×10^-7% and 2.3×10^-4%, indicating that theoretical oral exposure to DEHP is approximately 380 times higher than inhalation. Conclusions: Monitoring results from a test house has shown that oral exposure is the main exposure route for DEHP in indoor environments. The experimental design employed in this study and theoretical exposure ratio obtained can be applied to investigate actual exposure to DEHP and to determine the exposure characteristics of various types of semi-volatile organic compounds.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to analyze air quality in underground shopping centers using pattern recognition methods. In order to perform this, the concentraion of air pollutants such as $CO, NO_2, NO_x, SO_2$, and particulate matters was measured at the 11 different shopping centers in Seoul metropolitan area and the total of 47 samples were obtained at random based on the size of shopping centers. To introduce a new concept of the "average concentration" for the indoor air quality analyses, the various multivariate statistical analyses have been studied. Thus, a cluster analysis was applied to separate the samples into pseudo-patterns and a disjoint principal component analysis was used to generate homogeneous patterns after removing outliers from the pseudo-patterns. The 6 homogeneous patterns were then obtained as follows:the first pattern was a group of clean sites;the second a group of sites having high dust concentration;the third a group of sites having high dust and $NO_x$ concentration;the fourth a group of sites having low dust and $SO_2$ concentraion and high CO concentration;the fifth a group of sites having high $NO_2 and SO_2$ concentration;and the final a group of miscellaneous sites. Thus, the average concentration could be estimated for each pattern.h pattern.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.382-392
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• 2018

Objective: Allergic diseases such as asthma due to fungal exposure in houses have increased, and proper management is urgent. Mold can grow in the air, floor, walls, and other areas according to environmental conditions, and there are many limitations to the conventional methodology for examining fungal exposure. For this reason, the degree of fungal contamination is being evaluated by ERMI (Environmental Relative Moldiness Index), a quantitative analysis method proposed by the EPA. In this study, we compared ERMI values between water-damaged dwellings and non-damaged ones to evaluate the effectiveness of Korean ERMI values. We also explored the association of ERMI values with the level of airborne mold and characteristics of dwellings. Methods: Floor dust was collected after installing a Dustream collector on the suction port of a vacuum cleaner. The collected samples were filtered to remove only 5 mg of dust, and DNA was extracted using the FastDNA SPIN KIT protocol. Results: The ERMI values were found to be 19.6 (-6.9-58.8) for flooded houses, 7.5 (-29.2-48.3) for leaks/condensation, and 0.8 (-29.2-37.9) for non-damaged dwellings. The airborne concentration of mold for flooded, leakage or condensed, and non-damaged houses were $684CFU/m^3$, $566CFU/m^3$, and $378CFU/m^3$, respectively. The correlation between ERMI values and the levels of airborne mold was low (R = 0.038), but a weakly significant association of the ERMI values with the concentration of particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) was observed as well(R=0.231,P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings show that the reference value using ERMI can be used to distinguish water-damaged and non-damaged dwellings. It is believed that ERMI values could be a promising tool for assessing long-term fungal exposure in dwellings.