• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1539-1549
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the sampling methods for monitoring indoles (phenol, p-cresol, indole and skatole) in airs of swine facility. As the collecting methods of indoles in air, Tenax-TA adsorption tube and solid phase microextraction (SPME) were examined. For the preparation of calibration curves of indoles concentrated in Tenax-TA, the standard indoles solutions were spiked in each of Tenax-TA tubes and thermally desorbed (ATD) into a gas chromatograph combined with mass detector (GC/MS). And for the preparation of calibration curves by SPME, indoles in the standard gaseous solution prepared by evaporating the aqueous solution that contained indoles into a polyester sampling bag were extracted with SPME fiber and subsequently analyzed by the GC/MS. Two sampling methods were evaluated for extracting indoles present in swine building environments. Results indicated that the SPME method using Polydimethylsiloxane/ Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was more effective than Tenax-TA method in extracting indoles. The gas chromatographic analysis showed that the linearities of calibration curves and detection limits were useful for detection of indoles in swine airs. The field tests also showed that considerably different levels of indoles were present in various parts of the swine building.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1693-1701
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• 2014

A rapid and simple method for the quantitative determination of volatile fatty acids (VFAs; propionic acid, n-butyric acid, i-valeric acid and n-valeric acid) and indoles (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethyl phenol, indole and skatole) in pig slurry and dog excrement using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography was evaluated. $50/30{\mu}m$ DVB/CAR/PDMS (Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane) fiber was used to extract the target compounds in aqueous media. Sample amount and adsorption time was standardized for the routine analysis. Detection limits were from 0.11 to $0.15{\mu}gL$ for VFAs and from 0.12 to $0.28{\mu}gL$ for indoles and the correlations observed ($R^2$) were 0.975~1.000. This method was applied to the pig slurry, fertilizer, compost and dog excrement. In nearly all cases, the indoles were detected in concentrations of higher than their limits of detection (DOLs). But the VFAs in swine manure were below their DOLs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1132-1135
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• 1996

N-Substituted anilines react with triethanolamine at 180℃ in the presence of a catalytic amount of tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(Ⅱ) chloride to give the corresponding 1-substituted indoles in good to high yields. Similar treatment of the anilines with N-benzyldiethanolamine or triisopropanolamine in place of triethanolamine also affords the indoles in good yields. An intermolecular alkyl group transfer between anilines and alkanolamines is assumed to be the key step of these reactions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.333-335
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• 2007

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.832-834
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• 2007

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

This manuscript reports the synthesis of two series of Mannich Bases 3-12 and 21-40 obtained respectively by the reaction of either 2- ethoxycarbonylindoles 1-2 or 5H-pyridazino [4,5-b]indoles 17-20 as a substrate with formalin and the appropriate $2^{\circ}C$amines under the suitable Mannich conditions. fourteen of the synthesized Mannich basese were screened as antihypetensive agents in normotensive anesthetized rats. The effect of compound 4 in normotensive anesthetized dogs was also studied.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.895-899
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• 2004

We have designed a new family of radioligands, 3-(amino- and hydroxymethyl)-4-(5-iodopyridin-2-ylthio)indoles, combining characteristically distinct moieties proven to impart successful binding ability in a variety of structurally diverse selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors recently published. Described in this article are the syntheses of 3-substituted 4-(5-iodopyridin-2-ylthio)-indoles, featuring successful adaptation of the modified Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis onto the key intermediate 1-(5-iodopyridin-2-ylthio)-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzene (6) prepared from the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of chloropyridine 7 with thiophenol 8.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.441-442
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• 2004

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.119-121
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• 1999

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

Some photopolymer, poly(vinyl cinnamoyl acetate)(PVCiA) was synthesized by esterification of polymer(vinyl alcohol(PVA) with monochloroacetic acid, followed by reaction poly(vinyl monochloroacetate)(PVChA) and potassium cinnamate. When esterification of PVA with monochloroacetic acid was reacted in the dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), in the synthesis of PVChA, it is very good yield and the successive cinnamoyl acetoxyl esterification of PVCiA can be successfully synthesized. But PVCiA is low photosensitive polymer if not added photosensitizing dyes. Here, we synthesized photosensitizing dyes. trifluoromethylindol squarylium dye derivatives(TFSQ). Indolization of 3-trifluoromethylphenyl-hydrazine formed 4- and 6-substituted indoles, the rate of 4- and 6-substituted indoles is close to unity. Absorption's coefficient of 1,3-bis(4-trifluoromethyl-1,3,3-trimethylindol) squarylium dye(TFSQ) is 7.57$\times$10\ulcorner, PVCiA added with TFSQ(3%) was highly sensitized six times than not added.