• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.646-658
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• 2011

Wide-spread practitioner literature exists for the one-to-one marketing effect from a firm's perspective; however, limited research discusses the psychological effect of one-to-one marketing from a consumer's perspective. The authors test a model that integrates the level of consumer-perceived one-to-one marketing effort (OTO-E), instrumental (i.e., perceived usefulness) and affective benefits (Le., pleasure and arousal), and attitude toward the e-store (ATE). The analysis of an online survey (conducted with 195 U.S. undergraduates) confirms the positive effect of level of OTO-E on the benefits that influence ATE. In addition, it reveals the positive effect of the affective benefits on the instrumental benefit. The results expand the current research on the value of one-to-one marketing by presenting a consumer-oriented approach. As the study was conducted in the U.S. market with intense consumer demands for individuation of service, the results should provide useful managerial/ theoretical implications to Korean apparel e-tailers, concerning their future implementation of one-to-one marketing.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.519-536
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• 2002

This paper is to provide an analysis of the aspectual nature of naked infinitives(NIs) of English perceptual reports. Higginbotham(1983) proposes that only ‘active’ or ‘transient’ verbs can be used as NIs of English perceptual reports, but ‘state’ verbs cannot. This is called “confinement to the active or transient”. But there will be one problem when NIs of English perceptual reports are negatives. This is why the meaning of negative NIs of English perceptual reports may be static, which isn't in line with “confinement to the active or transient”. There are similar problems with ‘state’ NIs of English perceptual reports. In this paper some of these problems can be solved with the “Event Structure” of Pustejovsky(1991). According to Pustejovsky(1991), ‘process’ and ‘transition’ verbs have sub-eventual individuation units, but state verbs have no such units. It is the units that make it possible for ‘process’ and ‘transition’ to be perceived. As a result ‘process’ and ‘transition’ verbs are suitable for NIs of English perceptual reports. Nevertheless, there are still some problems unsolved. Moreover some state verbs are grammatically used as NIs of English perceptual reports. This paper proposes that these state verbs have “potentiality of transition”, and the potentiality comes from only the combination of the two parts of the complement - the subject and the naked infinitive. And the potentiality causes the “Event Structure” of Pustejovsky(1991) to be modified. And this modification makes it possible for us to explain aspect of NIs of English Perceptual Reports. It is concluded with some implication for Korean learners of English as a Foreign Language.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to construct an evaluation and improvement program of the spousal role in middle-aged rural couples. Based on the results of the previous survey conducted for the development of a program in 2001 and a review of previous research, this program consisted of four sessions, such as the history of my marriage-change and continuance, equal spouse role-individuation and integration, healthy role performance and communication, and the improvement of relations and the giving tree. Also the improvement indicators can be used as an educational tool for the educational program of the four sessions that were developed. The educational program was accomplished by giving lectures and activities for one hour per session. The effectiveness of the educational program on every role area except the economical role area was proved to be significant.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop the Family System Diagnosis Scale and to examine its reliability and validity. The subscales of the questionnaire included scores on seven constructs. In order to define constructs accurately, a careful review of Minuchin's writings, the writings of other family therapists, and relevant articles on family interaction was undertaken. A pool of 150 items was given to eight family counselors along with a description of Minuchin' s concepts. The counselors were asked to choose the category each statement fit and to rate the degree of fit using the 3-point scale. Using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Linear Structural Relationship(LISREL), six subdimensions of individuation and 55 items of FSDS were identified; enmeshmen disengagement(16 items), parent coalition generational coalition(6 items), flexibility rigidity(5 items), spouse conflict resolved unresolved(8 items), mother-child cohesion estrangement(10 items), father-child cohesion estrangement(10 items). 356 adolescents(ages 13∼18), 356 fathers, 356 mothers in Seoul, Busan, Dague, Incheun, Dajeun, Ulsan, and Kwangju were completed the Family System Diagnosis Scale(FSDS). The reliability of the scale was calculated by Cronbach's a Coefficient and the total a = .94 and the calculation for each factor was .87, .60, .77, .80 and .79 respectively.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1221-1244
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• 2009

The death scenes are the culmination of both Doris Lessing's "To Room Nineteen" and Toni Morrison's Sula. Lessing's Susan, an intelligent white English woman, gradually loses the meaning of life as awealthy housewife in the patriarchal society and commits suicide as her solution in Room Nineteen of Fred's Hotel. Morrison's Sula, an African-American woman, grows up without having the normal ego under Eva's matriarchy in a black community named the Bottom. Sula, after Nel's marriage, becomes a symbol of evil to her community and drifts down to death in Eva's bed. Reading these two death stories from the perspective of Jung's archetypal psychology, Susan is not able to continue to live a meaningful life because her life energy is cut off from its source which is in the unconscious. According to Jung, the symbol is the medium of the psychic energy from the unconscious to consciousness. In modern society which is represented by intelligence, the religious and mythical symbols are removed by rationalism, which means disconnection of the flow of life energy from the unconscious. Susan's death can be read as a kind of creating symbol to connect the modern people to the source of life energy. Sula's case is the opposite of Susan's. She remains in the unconscious world without having the proper ego in the absurd reality of racial and sexual problems. Sula finally rises again in Nel's awareness, becoming a symbol of the feminine goddess like goddess Inanna.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.285-314
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the mother-daughter structure presented in Annie John, Kincaid's autobiographical novel as a metaphor for the relationship between the powerful colonizer and the powerless colonized. The representation of the mother in Annie John is ambiguous and ambivalent. On the one hand, the mother in the childhood, in its association with the African-rooted Caribbean world before Antigua was colonized, is represented as a person who nurtures the daughter, and embodies a paradisiacal pre-oedipal union with the daughter. On the other hand, the mother at the adolescent stage, placed in the specific colonial context of the Caribbean, is represented as a scornful person/colonizer who dominates and controls the daughter's behavior to keep her as a dependent and subjugated subject. Therefore, the two conflicting worlds, the African and the European, coexist in the contradictory figure of the mother. The theoretical basis of my argument is a mixture of Chodorow's and Kristeva's feministic psychoanalysis and Bhabha's notion of "mimicry" and "ambivalence." Kristeva's work on "abjection" is especially useful and helpful for contextualizing Annie's individuation and separation from the mother who is represented as enigmatic.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.135-141
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• 2023

Snakes are objects that appear in religions, folktales, and folktales of various countries, and have had a great influence on human spirit and culture since ancient times. In this study, we focused on the shedding of skin in the ecology of snakes and dealt with related symbols. In the process of shedding its skin, the snake overcomes difficulties and pains, grows, and escapes death to gain a new life. This has the meaning of individuation through the process of psychological transformation by overcoming hardships. This shedding of skin was recognized as a symbol of wisdom, transformation, rebirth, and healing in myths, religions, and folktales, and settled in people's unconscious.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.9
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• 2024

Importance: In veterinary forensic science, accurately determining the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial for identifying the causes of animal deaths. Autolysis, a significant postmortem process, influences PMI estimation, but its relationship with humidity is not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to improve the accuracy of PMI estimates in veterinary forensic cases by looking into how different humidity levels affect autolysis in different organs of rats. Methods: The study involved 38 male rats, examining histopathological changes in their heart, liver, and pancreas. These organs were subjected to controlled humidity levels (20%, 55%, and 80%) at a constant 22℃. Tissue samples were collected at several intervals (0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 8 days) for comprehensive analysis. Results: Distinct autolytic characteristics in animal organs emerged under varying humidity conditions. The low-humidity environment rapidly activated autolysis more than the high-humidity environment. In addition, it was found that lower humidity caused nuclear pyknosis, cytoplasmic disintegration, and myofiber interruption. The liver, in particular, showed portal triad aggregation and hepatocyte individuation. The pancreas experienced cell fragmentation and an enlarged intracellular space. High humidity also caused the loss of striations in cardiac tissues, and the liver showed vacuolation. Under these conditions, the pancreas changed eosinophilic secretory granules. Conclusions and Relevance: The study successfully established a clear connection between the autolytic process in PMIs and relative humidity. These findings are significant for developing a more accurate and predictable method for PMI estimation in the field of veterinary forensic science.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2003

Individual studying that compose knowledge and improve efficiency of studying through collection of information by various class strategy which takes advantage of web, and Cooperative learning that can elevate sense of responsibility and solve the problem through communication with another person have been developed actively. But, individuation tutoring materials that is developed present doesn't fit of causing learner's interest, and stimulating curiosity about problem because mostly studying is gone in presentation form. Also, cooperative learning materials are lacking connection with actual course of education, application is difficult in real class spot. So, this research has applied self-directed learning, centered with interested operation activity, aimed at improvement in various thought. Also, we have developed social studies tuition-learning system, purpose to the management is possible with on-line project studying which could improve mind-decision ability and ICT application ability. This system is developed for flexible management could be possible in various class circumstance, and level learning could be done through accomplishment-test and the result could be applied by feedback process.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.181-196
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• 2002

The functions of the clothing have been changed rapidly in modern society. That means people want to show oneself strongly by the clothing. In other words, the social aspect of the clothing's function which is the expression of own's personality and satisfaction one's desire is emphasized. This study is aimed at taking a look at the functions of modern clothing. The modern clothing has the various functions which are related to the changing of the social system. The result of the study are as follows: With the differentiation of society and institutionalization, the clothing is recognized as the medium which shows one's status and is restricted by people. In modern society as mass society, the system of the social position collapsed. People has the inclination to express own's consciousness, personality and existence intensely. Also, the functions of clothing became diverse. That means the clothing is influenced by the human's consciousness, a sense of values and became the medium which reflects the people's life. This change of the costume means the clothing focus on the functional factor of the free-style clothing getting out of rational value. Therefore, the change of clothing is not the change of the design but the change of value of the clothing, one's way of thinking about the clothing, the change of human life in whole society and the culture. With the changing way of life, the change of the clothing has the system in which the design changes. Therefore, I found that the we have to take a look not the change of the factors which influence the fashion but the functions of the clothing itself.