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National Genetic Evaluation (System) of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle)

  • Park, B.;Choi, T.;Kim, S.;Oh, S.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2013
  • Hanwoo (Also known as Korean native cattle; Bos taurus coreanae) have been used for transportation and farming for a long time in South Korea. It has been about 30 yrs since Hanwoo improvement began in earnest as beef cattle for meat yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the trend of improvement as well as to estimate genetic parameters of the traits being used for seedstock selection based on the data collected from the past. Hanwoo proven bulls in South Korea are currently selected through performance and progeny tests. National Hanwoo genetic evaluations are implemented with yearling weight (YW), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS). Yearling weights and MS are used for selecting young bulls, and EMA, BF, and MS are used for selecting proven bulls. One individual per testing room was used for performance tests, and five individuals per room for progeny tests. Individuals tested were not allowed to graze pasture, but there was enough space for them to move around in the testing room. Feeds including roughages and minerals were fed ad libitum, and concentrates were provided at the rate of about 1.8% of individual weight. Overall means of the traits were $352.8{\pm}38.56$ kg, $335.09{\pm}44.61$ kg, $77.85{\pm}8.838\;cm^2$, $8.6{\pm}3.7$ mm and $3.293{\pm}1.648$ for YW, CW, EMA, BF and MS. Heritabilities estimated in this study were 0.30, 0.30, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.63 in YW, CW, EMA, BF and MS, respectively, which are similar to results from previous research. Yearling weight was 315.54 kg in 1998, and had increased to 355.06 kg in 2011, resulting in about 40 kg of improvement over 13 yrs. YW and CW have improved remarkably over the past 15 yrs. Breeding values between 1996 and 2000 decreased or did not change much, but have moved in a desirable direction since 2001. These improvements correspond with the substantial increase in use of animal models since the late 1990s in Korea. Hanwoo testing programs have practically contributed to the improvement in aspects of quality and quantity. In sum, the current selection system is good enough to accommodate circumstances where fewer sires are used on many more cows. Although progeny tests take longer and cost more, they seem to be appropriate under the circumstances of the domestic market with its higher requirement for better meat quality. Consequently, accumulative data collection, genetic evaluation model development, revision of selection indices, as well as cooperation among farms, associations, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, universities, research institutes, and government agencies must be applied to the Hanwoo selection program. All these efforts will assist the domestic market to secure a competitive position against imported beef under Free Trade Agreement trade system and will provide farmers with higher profits as well as the public with a higher quality of beef.

A Store Recommendation Procedure in Ubiquitous Market for User Privacy (U-마켓에서의 사용자 정보보호를 위한 매장 추천방법)

  • Kim, Jae-Kyeong;Chae, Kyung-Hee;Gu, Ja-Chul
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.123-145
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    • 2008
  • Recently, as the information communication technology develops, the discussion regarding the ubiquitous environment is occurring in diverse perspectives. Ubiquitous environment is an environment that could transfer data through networks regardless of the physical space, virtual space, time or location. In order to realize the ubiquitous environment, the Pervasive Sensing technology that enables the recognition of users' data without the border between physical and virtual space is required. In addition, the latest and diversified technologies such as Context-Awareness technology are necessary to construct the context around the user by sharing the data accessed through the Pervasive Sensing technology and linkage technology that is to prevent information loss through the wired, wireless networking and database. Especially, Pervasive Sensing technology is taken as an essential technology that enables user oriented services by recognizing the needs of the users even before the users inquire. There are lots of characteristics of ubiquitous environment through the technologies mentioned above such as ubiquity, abundance of data, mutuality, high information density, individualization and customization. Among them, information density directs the accessible amount and quality of the information and it is stored in bulk with ensured quality through Pervasive Sensing technology. Using this, in the companies, the personalized contents(or information) providing became possible for a target customer. Most of all, there are an increasing number of researches with respect to recommender systems that provide what customers need even when the customers do not explicitly ask something for their needs. Recommender systems are well renowned for its affirmative effect that enlarges the selling opportunities and reduces the searching cost of customers since it finds and provides information according to the customers' traits and preference in advance, in a commerce environment. Recommender systems have proved its usability through several methodologies and experiments conducted upon many different fields from the mid-1990s. Most of the researches related with the recommender systems until now take the products or information of internet or mobile context as its object, but there is not enough research concerned with recommending adequate store to customers in a ubiquitous environment. It is possible to track customers' behaviors in a ubiquitous environment, the same way it is implemented in an online market space even when customers are purchasing in an offline marketplace. Unlike existing internet space, in ubiquitous environment, the interest toward the stores is increasing that provides information according to the traffic line of the customers. In other words, the same product can be purchased in several different stores and the preferred store can be different from the customers by personal preference such as traffic line between stores, location, atmosphere, quality, and price. Krulwich(1997) has developed Lifestyle Finder which recommends a product and a store by using the demographical information and purchasing information generated in the internet commerce. Also, Fano(1998) has created a Shopper's Eye which is an information proving system. The information regarding the closest store from the customers' present location is shown when the customer has sent a to-buy list, Sadeh(2003) developed MyCampus that recommends appropriate information and a store in accordance with the schedule saved in a customers' mobile. Moreover, Keegan and O'Hare(2004) came up with EasiShop that provides the suitable tore information including price, after service, and accessibility after analyzing the to-buy list and the current location of customers. However, Krulwich(1997) does not indicate the characteristics of physical space based on the online commerce context and Keegan and O'Hare(2004) only provides information about store related to a product, while Fano(1998) does not fully consider the relationship between the preference toward the stores and the store itself. The most recent research by Sedah(2003), experimented on campus by suggesting recommender systems that reflect situation and preference information besides the characteristics of the physical space. Yet, there is a potential problem since the researches are based on location and preference information of customers which is connected to the invasion of privacy. The primary beginning point of controversy is an invasion of privacy and individual information in a ubiquitous environment according to researches conducted by Al-Muhtadi(2002), Beresford and Stajano(2003), and Ren(2006). Additionally, individuals want to be left anonymous to protect their own personal information, mentioned in Srivastava(2000). Therefore, in this paper, we suggest a methodology to recommend stores in U-market on the basis of ubiquitous environment not using personal information in order to protect individual information and privacy. The main idea behind our suggested methodology is based on Feature Matrices model (FM model, Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003) that uses clusters of customers' similar transaction data, which is similar to the Collaborative Filtering. However unlike Collaborative Filtering, this methodology overcomes the problems of personal information and privacy since it is not aware of the customer, exactly who they are, The methodology is compared with single trait model(vector model) such as visitor logs, while looking at the actual improvements of the recommendation when the context information is used. It is not easy to find real U-market data, so we experimented with factual data from a real department store with context information. The recommendation procedure of U-market proposed in this paper is divided into four major phases. First phase is collecting and preprocessing data for analysis of shopping patterns of customers. The traits of shopping patterns are expressed as feature matrices of N dimension. On second phase, the similar shopping patterns are grouped into clusters and the representative pattern of each cluster is derived. The distance between shopping patterns is calculated by Projected Pure Euclidean Distance (Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003). Third phase finds a representative pattern that is similar to a target customer, and at the same time, the shopping information of the customer is traced and saved dynamically. Fourth, the next store is recommended based on the physical distance between stores of representative patterns and the present location of target customer. In this research, we have evaluated the accuracy of recommendation method based on a factual data derived from a department store. There are technological difficulties of tracking on a real-time basis so we extracted purchasing related information and we added on context information on each transaction. As a result, recommendation based on FM model that applies purchasing and context information is more stable and accurate compared to that of vector model. Additionally, we could find more precise recommendation result as more shopping information is accumulated. Realistically, because of the limitation of ubiquitous environment realization, we were not able to reflect on all different kinds of context but more explicit analysis is expected to be attainable in the future after practical system is embodied.

The study on estimated breeding value and accuracy for economic traits in Gyoungnam Hanwoo cow (Korean cattle)

  • Kim, Eun Ho;Kim, Hyeon Kwon;Sun, Du Won;Kang, Ho Chan;Lee, Doo Ho;Lee, Seung Hwan;Lee, Jae Bong;Lim, Hyun Tae
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.62 no.4
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    • pp.429-437
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to construct basic data for the selection of elite cows by analyzing the estimated breeding value (EBV) and accuracy using the pedigree of Hanwoo cows in Gyeongnam. The phenotype trait used in the analysis are the carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS). The pedigree of the test group and reference group was collected to build a pedigree structure and a numeric relationship matrix (NRM). The EBV, genetic parameters and accuracy were estimated by applying NRM to the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) multiple-trait animal model of the BLUPF90 program. Looking at the pedigree structure of the test group, there were a total of 2,371 cows born between 2003 to 2009, of these 603 cows had basic registration (25%), 562 cows had pedigree registration (24%) and 1,206 cows had advanced registration (51%). The proportion of pedigree registered cows was relatively low but it gradually increased and reached a point of 20,847 cows (68%) between 2010 to 2017. Looking at the change in the EBV, the CWT improved from 4.992 kg to 9.885 kg, the EMA from 0.970 ㎠ to 2.466 ㎠, the BFT from -0.186 mm to -0.357 mm, and the MS from 0.328 to 0.559 points. As a result of genetic parameter estimation, the heritability of CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 0.587, 0.416, 0.476, and 0.571, respectively, and the accuracy of those were estimated to be 0.559, 0.551, 0.554, and 0.558, respectively. Selection of superior genetic breed and efficient improvement could be possible if cow ability verification is implemented by using the accurate pedigree of each individual in the farms.

Estimation of genetic parameter for carcass traits of commercial steers in Pyeongchang (평창지역 거세출하우 자료를 이용한 유전모수 추정)

  • Dang, Chang-Gwon;Kim, Hyeong-Cheol;Jang, Sun-Sik;Lee, Jeong-Mook;Hong, Yeong-Hun;Jeon, Gi-Jun;Yeon, Seong-Heum;Kang, Hee-Seol;Yang, Bo-Suk;Hong, Seong-Koo;Lee, Jun-Heon;Lee, Seung-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.339-345
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to establish genetic evaluation systems with carcass data collected by 68 individual farms from 2007 to 2011 in Pyeongchang area of Kangwon province. All the possible of environment effects were corrected by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to estimate more accurate genetic parameters. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated from carcass data collected from Hanwoo steers(n=10,441) born in Pyeongchang region from 2005 to 2008. Traits evaluated included carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS). As for the mean value and standard deviation for carcass traits, CWT, EMA, BF and MS were 424.5, 92, 13.7 and 5.7. Parameters were estimated using a multiple trait animal model and derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedures. Estimated heritabilities for CWT, EMA, BF and MS were 0.30, 0.21, 0.42 and 0.42, respectively. Genetic correlation of CWT with EMA, BF and MS were estimated to 0.24, 0.36 and 0.07, respectively. Genetic correlation of EMA with BF and MS was -0.27 and 0.61, respectively.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Growth and Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Bull Populations (비거세 한우 집단에 있어 성장형질과 도체형질에 대한 유전모수의 추정)

  • Park, C. J.;Park, Y. I.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2003
  • Genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits were estimated on the basis of the data from 3,415 heads of Hanwoo bulls tested at Livestock Improvement Main Center. The data were divided into two groups : the first period group consisted of 1,592 heads of bulls tested in individual pens from 1986 to 1990 and the second period group consisted of 1,823 heads of bulls tested in group pens from 1991 to 1996. The testing period was from 6 to 18 months of age in the first period group and 10 to 22 months of age in the second period group. The average daily gains during 6 to 12 months and 12 to 18 months were 1.01kg and 0.77kg, respectively, in the first period group and 0.80kg and 0.95kg in the second period group, and the compensated growth appeared to have occurred in the second period group. The heritability of body weight at 12 months estimated was 0.37 during the first period and 0.47 during the second period. The heritability of body weight at 18 months was 0.29 during the first period and 0.33 during the second period. The heritability of average daily gain during 6${\sim}$12 months estimated was 0.26 for the first period and 0.33 for the second period. The heritability of average daily gain during 12${\sim}$18 months estimated was 0.11 for the first period and 0.22 for the second period. The heritabilities of body weights and average daily gains estimated tended to be higher in the second period than in the first period. The heritability of body measurements at 12 months during the first period estimated was 0.30 for withers height, 0.25 for rump height, 0.11 for thurls width and 0.13 for chest girth. The heritability of body measurments at 12 months during the second period was 0.53 for withers height, 0.44 for rump height, 0.36 for thurls width and 0.56 for chest girth. The heritabilites of withers height, rump height, thurls width and chest girth at 18 months of age were 0.40, 0.22, 0.12 and 0.21 during the first period and 0.45, 0.42, 0.42 and 0.35 during the second period, respectively. The heritability of carcass traits estimated during the first period was 0.11 for carcass weight, 0.24 for dressing percent, 0.25 for eye muscle area, 0.18 for backfat thickness and 0.21 for carcass length. The heritabilities of carcass weight, dressing percent, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, carcass length and marbling score during the second period estimated were 0.32, 0.52, 0.33, 0.51, 0.58 and 0.31, respectively. The genetic correlations between the first and second periods estimated were higher than 0.8 for chest girth at 12 months, rump height at 18 months, carcass weight and dressing percent, but were lower for other traits.