• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.68-76
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• 1988

The variation of rumination response in steers fed a same amount of orcharugrass hay was investigated. With three steers (6, 12, 24 months) of the Japanese Black Breed, rumination behaviour was measured continuously during a 5 days period by masseter EMG telemetry system. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average daily rumination time of respective animals were 438,447 and 433 min. with small daily variation both within and among animal. But the rumination time per DM kg of hay consumed varied from 66 to 138 min., and calf spent longer than older calf. 2. Actural chewing time showed small variation, and percentage of actural chewing time spent in rumination time was from 88 to 93% on individual average. 3. The daily number of chewing in rumination was approximately 25,000 to 30,000 with large individual differences. The chews per DM kg intake varied from 3,800 to 9,600, and calf chewed more than older calf. 4. The average rate of chewing per 100 sec. (chewing speed), there was a large difference between animals i.e. 104, 114, 131 respectively, but very little variance between days in individual. 5. No relation between day to day variations in eating time and rumination behavior, but significantly positive correlation was observed in the relation among rumination time, chewing time, No. of boluses and No. of chews. 6. Active time of day in rumination altered considerably day to day, but variation in the amount of rumination per day as expressed by the rumination time was relatively small.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.217-234
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• 2001

The use of district heating is expanding very rapidly in Korea. High population densities and the relatively cold winters make district heating an economically attractive option. About 8 percent of Korean houses are already using district heating and the government is seeking to aggressively expand this number. It has set a target of 15 percent of the residential heat market to be met by district heating in the year 2001. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the consumption behavior of households using district heating. By pooling time-series and cross-sectional data for 12 apartment complexes in Seoul area, a single demand function is estimated and used to forecast the amounts of heat demanded by the individual households. The results shows that the level of consumption varies among households, depending on the non-economic factors such as the installation of individual metering equipment and the volume of apartment building. When individual metering equipment is installed, the level of annual heat consumption per household declines, on average, about 22.1 Mcal per square meters, which is equivalent to 834 won per square meter in terms of heating expenditures. In case that the apartment building was built in more than 6 stories, annual consumption level reduces additionally about 17.3 Mcal per square meters and, thus, save the expenditures by 649 Won per square meters, compared to the opposite case.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.361-367
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• 1998

The main two applications of the Genetic Algorithms(GA) are the optimization and the machine learning. Machine Learning has two objectives that make the complex system learn its environment and produce the proper output of a system. The machine learning using the Genetic Algorithms is called GA machine learning or genetic-based machine learning (GBML). The machine learning is different from the optimization problems in finding the rule set. In optimization problems, the population of GA should converge into the best individual because optimization problems, the population of GA should converge into the best individual because their objective is the production of the individual near the optimal solution. On the contrary, the machine learning systems need to find the set of cooperative rules. There are two methods in GBML, Michigan method and Pittsburgh method. The former is that each rule is expressed with a string, the latter is that the set of rules is coded into a string. Th classifier system of Holland is the representative model of the Michigan method. The classifier systems arrange the strength of classifiers of classifier list using the message list. In this method, the real time process and on-line learning is possible because a set of rule is adjusted on-line. A classifier system has three major components: Performance system, apportionment of credit system, rule discovery system. In this paper, we solve the food search problem with the learning and evolution of an artificial ant using the learning classifier system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2013

Obesity during childhood is a dominant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and is itself considered a disease that needs to be treated. Recently, the growth in childhood obesity in Korea has become stagnant; however, two in every ten children are still overweight. In addition, 60% or more of overweight children have at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor. Thus, childhood obesity should be controlled through lifestyle modification. This paper reviews studies of the modifiable risk factors of obesity in Korean children. According to the life-course approach, preschool-aged children (<5 years) are influenced by their parents rather than individual habits because they are under mostly parental care. Elementary school-aged children (6 to 11 years) are affected by overlapping individual and parental effects. This may mean that the establishment of individual behavior patterns begins during this period. The conditions of poor eating habits such as skipping meals, eating out, and high fat intake, along with low physical activity, facilitate increased obesity among adolescents (12 to 18 years). Notably, adolescent girls show high rates of both underweight and obesity, which may lead to the development of NCDs in their offspring. Therefore, the problem of NCDs is no longer limited to adults, but is also prevalent among children. In addition, early intervention offers cost-effective opportunities for preventing NCDs. Thus, children need primary consideration, adequate monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment to reduce the burden of NCDs later in adulthood.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.257-270
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is designed as a non-equivalent, control group pre/post-test for identifying effectiveness of a workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging. Methods: Seventy-nine employees from two large companies were allocated into an intervention group (n=39) and a control group (n=40). Participants were asked to wear a fitness tracker (Fitbit Charger HR) during 24-hour, 5-days per week, for 10 weeks. The intervention group was provided with daily walking steps measured by Fitbit, weekly counseling with a specifically designed workbook, and seven weekly text messaging, and the control group with the fitness tracker only. Results: At the week 10 measurement, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in physical activity self-efficacy (p<.001), physical activity behavior (p<.001), daily walking steps (p<.001), systolic blood pressure (p=.033), and wellness (p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging is more effective for persons with 10,000 steps/day. Therefore, it is recommended to actively apply this workplace walking program to inactive employees for encouraging regular physical activities and improving their wellness.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.41-56
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• 2015

People have relatively continuous and stable characteristic and it can help understand personal attitude and behavior. As individual has individual personality and society has culture, in case of organization, there is organization culture that means unique cultural characteristic. And as if we need to know culture of that society to understand individual, we need to know organization culture of that organization to understand any organization. The reason why organization culture is acknowledged as modern theory of business management is-modern company has proposed management innovation, organization activation, company transformation, and company reprogramming as management strategy to cope actively with various and quickly changing environment that modern company face-that organization culture and management innovation, that is, the concept of new business management is highlighted for means and tools to solve such problems. Seeing contemporary situation, although organization culture of small company is being improved by management innovation, cause and effect that organization culture affect technique innovation still insufficient. The meaning of this research is, through a good example of organization culture, providing reason that efficient organization culture affect technique innovation of small company(medium and small company) and making people understand why this effect occur. Through this, I want to provide strategy and policy implication of company.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.390-396
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• 2021

Lithium-ion batteries have been designed and used as battery packs with series and parallel combinations that are suitable for use. However, due to its internal electrochemical properties, producing the battery's condition at the same value is impossible for individual cells. In addition, the management of characteristic deviations between individual cells is essential for the safe and efficient use of batteries as aging progresses with the use of batteries. In this work, we propose a method to manage deviation properties and detect abnormal behavior in the configuration of a combined battery pack of these multiple battery cells. The proposed method can separate and detect probabilistic low-frequency information according to statistical information based on Z-score. The verification of the proposed algorithm was validated using experimental results from 10S3P battery packs, and the implemented algorithm based on Z-score was validated as a way to effectively manage multiple individual cell information.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.767-777
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• 2023

In modern society, user privacy is emerging as an important issue as closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems increase rapidly in various public and private spaces. If CCTV cameras monitor sensitive areas or personal spaces, they can infringe on personal privacy. Someone's behavior patterns, sensitive information, residence, etc. can be exposed, and if the image data collected from CCTV is not properly protected, there can be a risk of data leakage by hackers or illegal accessors. This paper presents an innovative approach to "machine learning based reversible chaotic masking method for user privacy protection in CCTV environment." The proposed method was developed to protect an individual's identity within CCTV images while maintaining the usefulness of the data for surveillance and analysis purposes. This method utilizes a two-step process for user privacy. First, machine learning models are trained to accurately detect and locate human subjects within the CCTV frame. This model is designed to identify individuals accurately and robustly by leveraging state-of-the-art object detection techniques. When an individual is detected, reversible chaos masking technology is applied. This masking technique uses chaos maps to create complex patterns to hide individual facial features and identifiable characteristics. Above all, the generated mask can be reversibly applied and removed, allowing authorized users to access the original unmasking image.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.201-225
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• 2006

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) considers perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as the important determinants of user behavior regarding information technology. As an extension of TAM, this research examines perceived security as an additional determining variable to explain an individual's acceptance and use of mobile banking as well as internet banking. The results show that perceived ease of use does not affect the individual's attitude toward the use of mobile or internet banking, while perceived usefulness does. Furthermore, perceived security affects perceived usefulness in mobile banking, but not in internet banking. In addition, in mobile banking, perceived security is positively related to perceived usefulness, though perceived security is negatively related to attitude. Finally, the average scores of surveyed data for Internet banking are higher and significantly different than those for mobile banking.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.287-294
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• 2014

Cloud computing is a new method of computing and managing organizational information technology resources strategically. From the user perspective, it involves computing environment for accessing applications remotely, storing data, and supporting cooperative works. For the cloud computing to be effective in an organization, it should be accepted by individual users. In this paper we propose a research model, extending and modifying UTAUT model. We also test the validity of the model using the questionnaire from a sample of cloud computing services users.