• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2012

To compare an electrical and optical characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) and carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode on flexible and reflective display, we fabricate two charged particle-type display panels under the same panel condition of which the width of ribs is 10 ${\mu}m$, the cell size is $300{\mu}m{\times}300{\mu}m$, the q/m value of the white particles is -4.3 ${\mu}C/g$ and that for the black is +1.3 ${\mu}C/g$, and the cell gap is 75 ${\mu}m$, 125 ${\mu}m$, and 175 ${\mu}m$. We use plastic substrates coated with ITO and CNT electrode. To evaluate optical property, we measure a response time of particles using a laser and a photodiode. Threshold and driving voltages of CNT electrode according to the sheet resistance of 300, 600, 1,000 (ohm/sq) are compared with ITO electrode of 10 (ohm/sq). A response time of the CNT panel is similar to that of ITO panel, but the threshold and driving voltages of CNT panel are higher than that of ITO panel, inducing a large bombardment of the particles and shortening the lifetime of the panel. High difference of a threshold and a driving voltage of CNT panel will induce an particle clumping, resulting degradation of the panel. A bending radius of the fabricated CNT panel is 18 ${\mu}m$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

We realize a color reflective display without any color filter and sub-pixelation concept, by which the full or single color realization is basically impossible. In this study, we use a 3-electrode on the lower substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. The width of a rib is $30{\mu}m$, a cell size is $150{\mu}m{\times}150{\mu}m$, and the space of lower electrodes is $10{\mu}m$. To get the single color, we drive this panel by a identical algorithm based on the movement of charged particle in color fluid within a cell with hermetic seal. According to the driving method, the lifetime of panel is different.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.168-168
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• 2010

Transparent conduction oxides (TCOs) films is extensively reported for optoelectronic devices application such as touch panels, solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs). Among the many TCO film, indium tin oxide(ITO) is in great demand due to the growth of flat panel display industry. However, indium is not only high cost but also its deposits dwindling. Therefore, many studies are being done on the transparent conductive oxides(TCOs). We fabricated a target of IZTO(In2O3:ZnO:SnO2=70:15:15 wt.%) reduced indium. Then, IZTO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with various oxygen flow ratio. The substrate temperature was fixed at the room temperature. We investigated the electrical, optical, structural properties of IZTO thin films. The electrical properties of IZTO thin films were dependent on the oxygen partial pressure. As a result, the most excellent properties of IZTO thin films were obtained at the 3% of oxygen flow rate with the low resistivity of $7.236{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$. And also the optical properties of IZTO thin films were shown the good transmittance over 80%. These IZTO thin films were used to fabricated organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs) as anode and the device performances studied. The OLED with an IZTO anode deposited at optimized deposition condition showed good brightness properties. Therefore, IZTO has utility value of TCO electrode although it reduced indium and we expect it is possible for the IZTO to apply to flexible display due to the low processing temperature.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.724-731
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• 2006

We investigated the electrochemical properties for Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films mixed with 4-octyl-4'-(5-carboxylpentamethyleneoxy)azobenzene (denoted as 8A5H) and phospholipid(L-a-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, denoted as DMPC and L-a-dilauroylphosphayidylcholine, denoted as DLPC). The LB films of 8A5H, 8A5H-DMPC and 8A5H-DLPC mixture monolayers were deposited by using the LB method on the indium tin oxide(ITO) glass. The electrochemical properties measured by using cyclic voltammetry with a three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode at various concentrations(0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol/L) of $NaClO_4$ solution. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350 mV, continuously oxidized to 1650 mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rates were 50, 100, 150 and 200 mV/s, respectively. As a result, LB films of 8A5H and 8A5H-DLPC mixture monolayers appeared irreversible process caused by only the oxidation current from the cyclic voltammogram and LB films of 8A5H-DMPC monolayer mixture was found to be caused by a reversible oxidation-reduction process.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2
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• pp.788-791
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• 2002

Tin doped indium oxide(ITO) films are highly conductive and transparent in the visible region whose property leads to the applications in solar cell, liquid crystal display, thermal heater, and other sensors. This paper investigated ITO films as a transparent conducting films for application of PDP. ITO films were grown on glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method. To achieve high transmittance and low resistivity, we examined the various film deposition such as substrate temperature, gas pressure, annealing temperature, and deposition time. We recommend the substrate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ and post annealing of $200^{\circ}C$ in $O_2$ atmosphere for good conductivity and transmittance. From XRD examination, ITO films showed a preferred(222) orientation. As substrate temperature increased from RT to $500^{\circ}C$, the intensity of the (222) peak increased. The highest peak intensity was observed at a substrate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$. with the optimum growth conditions, ITO films showed resistivity of $1.04{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}-cm$ and transmittance of 81.2% for a film 300nm thick in the wavelength range of the visible spectrum.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2020

Flexible displays have been evolved into curved, foldable, and rollable as the degree of bending increases. Due to the presence of brittle electrodes (e.g. indium-tin oxide (ITO)) that easily cracked and delaminated under severe bending deformation, lowering mechanical stress of the electrodes has been critical issue. Because of this, mechanical stress of brittle electrode in flexible displays has been analyzed mostly in terms of bending radius. On the other hand, in order to make rollable display, various mechanical components such as roller and spring are needed to roll-up or extend the screen for the rollable display apparatus. By these mechanical components, brittle electrode in the rollable display is subjected to the excessive tensile stress due to the retracting force as well as the bending stress by the roller. In this study, mechanical deformation of rollable OLED display was modeled considering boundary conditions of the apparatus. An analytical modeling based on the classical beam theory was introduced in order to investigate the mechanical behavior of the rollable display. In addition, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to analyze the effect of mechanical components in the apparatus on the brittle electrode. Furthermore, a strategy for improving the mechanical reliability of the rollable display was suggested through controlling the stiffness of adhesives in the display panel.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2012

우리는 순환전압전류법에 의한 LB 필름에 대한 전기화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 인지질 화합물은 ITO glass에 Langmuir-Blodgett법을 사용하여 제막하였다. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 및 2.0 N $NaClO_4$ 용액에서 3 전극 시스템 (Ag/AgCl 기준전극, 백금선 카운터 전극 및 LB 필름이 코팅된 ITO 작업전극)으로 순환전압전류법을 사용하여 전기화학적 측정을 시도하였다. 측정 범위는 연속적으로 1650 mV로 산화시키고, 초기전위인 -1350 mV로 환원시켰다. 그 결과, 인지질 화합물의 LB 필름은 순환전압전류도표로부터 오직 산화전류로 인한 비가역공정으로 나타났다. LB 필름의 확산계수(D) 효과는 인지질 화합물 양의 증가로 인하여 감소하였다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.219-220
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• 2014

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) 나 Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)와 같은 유기소자에 투명전극으로 쓰이고 있는 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)는 유연한 소자에 적용하기에는 유연성이 떨어진다는 문제가 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 CNT, Graphene, AgNW, 전도성 고분자 등의 투명전극에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 여전히 전기적 특성이 좋지 못하다는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 금속배선을 보조전극으로 형성하여 배선을 폴리머 기판에 함몰시킴으로써 유연성과 표면 평탄도, 전기적 특성이 우수한 배선함몰 투명전극을 형성하였다. 그 결과, $1{\Omega}/{\Box}$의 면저항과 90%의 투과도를 가지는 투명전극을 구현하였다. 이렇게 제작된 배선함몰 전극위에 유기태양전지와 유기발광 다이오드를 제작하여 상용화된 ITO 유리기판과 유사한 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1061-1064
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• 2009

Through dark injection space-charge-limited current (DI-SCLC) and trap-free SCLC measurements, it has been demonstrated that an indium tin oxide (ITO)/buckminsterfullerene ($C_{60}$) electrode can form a quasi-Ohmic contact with N, N'-bis (naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N'-bis(phenyl) benzidine (NPB). The DI-SCLC results show a clear peak current along with a shift of the peak position as the field intensity varies, implying an Ohmic (or quasi-Ohmic) contact. A theoretical simulation of the SCLC also shows that ITO/$C_{60}$ forms an Ohmic contact with NPB. The Ohmic contact makes it possible to estimate the NPB hole mobility through the use of both DI-SCLC and trap-free SCLC analysis. This also contributes to a reduction in power consumption.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2015

투명 LED 디스플레이는 정보제공 서비스 및 경관연출 등을 통하여 도시민에게 다양한 볼거리를 제공하고 있으며 다양한 분야에서 수요가 증가하고 있다. 지금까지 투명전극 소재로서 ITO가 가장 많은 비중을 차지하며 사용되어 온 것은 사실이나, 경제성, 제한적 성능 등 한계로 인하여 새로운 소재를 활용한 연구와 기술개발이 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 메탈메쉬는 ITO를 대체한 물질의 85%를 차지하는 신소재로서 저비용 고전도도를 갖고 있어 그 활용도가 높으며, 메탈메쉬를 활용한 투명 LED 디스플레이는 기존 ITO 투명 디스플레이보다 유지보수가 용이하고, 자원절약뿐만 아니라 경제적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 투명 LED 디스플레이 기술의 경제적인 활용 및 시장 확대가 가능할 수 있도록 메탈메쉬를 활용한 LED 투명 디스플레이 Prototype을 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 메탈메쉬를 활용한 투명 LED 디스플레이 개발 방법을 제시하고 이를 기반으로 Prototype을 제작하였으며, ITO와 메탈 메쉬의 특성비교 실험을 통해 투명 LED 디스플레이 개발에 있어 투명전극소재로 메탈메쉬의 활용 가능성을 제시하였다.