• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1272-1287
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• 2002

Sonochemical Reformatsky reaction of aldehydes or ketones with ethyl bromoacetate in the presence of indium afforded $\beta-hydroxyesters$ in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. 2- or 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde that contains an acidic hydrogen r eacted with ethyl bromoacetate to provide the desired compounds with the same efficiency. In the case of ethyl 2-bromopropanoate and ethyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate, the desired products were obtained in good yields. Reaction of aldehyde with indium reagent in the presence of ketone group proceeded chemoselectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2007

Indium and gallium have emerged as useful metals in organic synthesis as a result of its intriguing chemical properties of reactivity, selectivity, and low toxicity. Although indium belongs to a main metal in group 13, its first ionization potential energy is very low and stable in H2O and O2. Therefore, indium-mediated organic reactions are of our current interest. On the basis of these properties of indium, many efficient indium-mediated organic reactions have been recently developed, such as the addition reactions of allylindium to carbonyl and iminium groups, the indium-mediated synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)homoallenylsilanes, the indiummediated allylation of keto esters with allyl halides, sonochemical Reformatsky reaction using indium, the indium-mediated selective introduction of allenyl and propargyl groups at C-4 position of 2-azetidinones, the indium-mediated Michael addition and Hosomi-Sakurai reactions, the indium-mediated β-allylation, β- propargylation and β-allenylation onto α,β-unsaturated ketones, the highly efficient 1,4-addition of 1,3-diesters to conjugated enones by indium and TMSCl, and the intramolecular carboindation reactions. Also, we found gallium-mediated organic reactions such as addition reactions of propargylgallium to carbonyl group and regioselective allylgallation of terminal alkynes.