• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2009

There are several reasons to take X-ray in case of inpatients. Some of them who cannot ambulate or have any risk if move are taken portable X-ray at their wards. Usually, in this case, many other people-patients unneeded X-ray test, family, hospital workers etc-are indirectly exposed to X-ray by scatter ray. For that reason I try to be aware of free space scatter dose accurately and make the point at issue of portable X-ray better in this study. kVp dose meter is used for efficiency management of portable X-ray equipment. Mobile X-ray equipment, ionization chamber, electrometer, solid water phantom are used for measuring of free space scatter dose. First of all the same surroundings condition is made as taken real portable X-ray, inquired amount of X-ray both chest AP and abdomen AP most frequently examined and measured scatter ray distribution of two tests individually changing distance. In the result of measuring horizontal distribution with condition of chest AP it is found that the mAs is decreased as law of distance reverse square but no showed mAs change according to direction. Vertical distribution showed the mAs slightly higher than horizontal distribution but it isnt found out statistical characteristic. In abdomen AP, compare with chest AP, free space scatter dose is as higher as five-hundred times and horizontal, vertical distribution are quite similar to chest AP in result. In portable X-ray test, in order to reduce the secondary exposure by free space scatter dose first, cut down unnecessary portable order the second, set up the specific area at individual ward for the test the third, when moving to a ward for the X-ray test prepare a portable shielding screen. The last, expose about 2m apart from patients if unable to do above three ways.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2012

During maxillofacial surgery, the infraorbital and mental nerves are blocked at eac foramen to induce local anesthesia. This study examined the relative locations of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and mental foramen (MF) based on softtissue landmarks. Twenty-eight hemifacial cadavers were dissected to expose the IOF and MF. The distances between the bilateral IOFs, the bilateral MFs, the alae of the nose (alares), and the corners of the mouth (cheilions) were measured directly on cadavers by using a digital vernier caliper. The vertical and horizontal distances of the IOF and MF relative to the alare and cheilion were measured indirectly on digital photographs using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, CA, USA). The distance between the bilateral IOFs ($58.09{\pm}4.04mm$) was longer than the distance between the bilateral MFs ($50.32{\pm}1.93mm$). The distances between the bilateral alares and cheilions were $41.22{\pm}3.44mm$ and $58.43{\pm}6.62mm$, respectively. The IOF was located $12.92{\pm}3.75mm$ superior and $7.88{\pm}2.56mm$ lateral to the alare, and the vertical angle (Angle 1) between these structures was $31.67{\pm}13.36^{\circ}$ superolaterally. The MF was located $21.83{\pm}3.26mm$ inferior and $5.56{\pm}3.37mm$ medial to the cheilion, and the vertical angle (Angle 2) between these structures was $14.05{\pm}10.12^{\circ}$ inferomedially. In conclusion, these results provide more detailed information about the locations of the IOF and MF relative to soft-tissue landmarks.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.327-348
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• 2010

본 연구는 청소년에 대한 빈곤의 영향을 주로 가족의 측면에서 연구하였던 기존의 관점에서 탈피하여, 빈곤청소년이 거주하는 지역사회 환경의 위험성과 폭력성에 주목하였다. 즉, 본 연구는 빈곤으로 인해 더 위험한 환경에서 거주하게 되는 청소년이 일반 청소년보다 폭력에 더 많이 노출되는지를 살펴보고, 이것이 그들의 우울과 불안을 높이는지 분석하였다. 분석 자료로 '한국청소년패널데이터' 중2 패널자료 중에서 3-5차년도 종단데이터가 활용되었으며, 통계방법으로는 구조방정식모형이 이용되었다. 분석 결과, 청소년의 빈곤 자체가 폭력피해 경험을 직접적으로 증가시키지는 않았으나 빈곤으로 인해 위험한 지역사회 환경에 거주하게 됨으로써 더욱 많은 폭력피해와 두려움을 경험하게 되며 이는 우울 및 불안으로 이어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 청소년에 대한 빈곤의 부정적 영향을 줄이는 데에 지역사회의 역량 강화의 중요성을 함의로 지적하였다.