• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.216-216
• /
• 2011

There have been various direct or indirect methods to measure the characteristics of plasma. Comparing to direct method like Langmuir probe method, indirect measurements which give information as some external parameters like current, voltage, or phase are easier to obtain. In this research, an indirect method to measure averaged plasma density in a transformer coupled plasma(TCP) has been proposed and evaluated. With a simple analytic model connecting electrical characteristics to plasma impedance, direct measurement via double Langmuir probe has been performed. This result may play a meaningful role to diagnose TCP or similar plasma sources

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2004

The high pressure vessels that are constructed by welding process have many welding lines and most of the leakage defects are occurred on these welding lines. The acoustic emission(AE) technique has adopted to detect the defect location and leakage on welding parts, but the AE signal in leakage are incomplete due to the attenuation, reiteration, instability and limit of defect size. To overcome these troubles, the experiments in this study are conducted to measure the indirect media-propagated AE signal perpendicular to the leakage hole. The AE signals that are acquired from the direct and indirect media are analyzed, and the reliability of the indirect media-propagated AE signal are examined experimentally. By AE signal investigation, this method can be adopted to detect efficiently the leakage in welding parts.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.233-244
• /
• 2009

This study was focused on the transducer and suitable contact material for stone cultural heritage, and the correlation of direct-indirect method in rock types for scientific development and quantitative evaluation technique of the ultrasonic measurements. As a result, it was identified the transducer (UTREXTX(RX)54kHz) and contact material (rubber clay) of the type 3 were appropriate for the ultrasonic measurements of stone cultural heritage. The direct-indirect correction factors of type 3 were calculated 1.50 for granite, 1.38 for gabbro, 1.58 for quartz diorite, respectively. This result is the first study for improvement in reliability for the ultrasonic measurements, and it will contribute to establishment of the ultrasonic survey method for stone cultural heritage. Also, complementary studies considering the surface irregularity of rocks and various contact materials will carry out, and the database about correlation of direct-indirect in rock types will establish.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2008

For the reduction of common-mode noise level in Indirect-contact ECG (IDC-ECG) measurement a driven-right-leg grounding method was a lied to the IDC-ECG. Because the IDC-ECG does not require any direct contact between the electrodes and the human skin. it is adequate for un-constraining long-term ECG measurement at home and its various applications are now under development. However, larger 60 Hz noise induced by power line a ears in IDC-BCG than in conventional ECG, that is a restriction of IDC-ECG a application. In this study, the driven-right-leg ground which has been used in conventional direct-contact ECG, was adapted to the IDC-ECG measurement by feedback of the inversion of amplified common-mode noise to the body through the conductive fertile laid on the chair seat By this study, indirect-contact driven-right-leg ground was developed and it was shown to work stably. It was shown that the level of 60Hz power line noise was reduced to about -40 dB when the driven-right-leg gain was 1000. This study shows that we can extend the upper limit of the frequency band of IDC-ECG to 100Hz from 30Hz which is conventional upper limit in IDC-ECG, and we can raise the ground impedance between the body and conductive textile. So it is expected that the application area of the IDC-ECG will be extended by the results of this study.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.484-495
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a scale for measuring aggression in adolescents, based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: The participants were 38 adolescents in an in-depth study conducted to develop items for indirect measurement, 13 adolescents in a pre-test, and 289 adolescents in the present survey. The collected data were analyzed using content validity, the correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: In this study, the most important variable related to aggression was found to be aggression intention. This study included 4 factors of direct measurement and 6 factors of indirect measurement; therefore, 41 questions were developed. Increased levels of aggression were associated with higher scores for attitudes of aggression, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and aggression intention. Conclusion: We found that the questionnaire used in this study was valid and reliable as a measurement scale to explain aggression in adolescents based on TPB. Aggression intention should be included in aggression prevention programs because it was linked to aggressive behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2002

In domestic road construction sites, the compaction control based on strength are widely performed through the direct method with high accuracy, such as Plate Loading Test or Field CBR test. It is impossible to manage all construction sites using the direct method because the direct method requires heavy reaction loads and long measurement time. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the indirect method that could control the relative density of construction sites on the whole. Indirect methods, such as Cone Penetration Test and Fall Cone Test, require extra time for data analyzing and fixed area for test device. In this paper, the field applicability of Soil Impact Hammer (SIH) was investigated comparing with the results of field measurement tests and laboratory compaction tests. SIH developed by Japan Construction Administration and Asanuma Ltd., is a kind of indirect methods for compaction checking. According to the results of SIH performed in domestic road construction site, the subgrade reaction modulus obtained from SIH are similar to that from Plate loading tests in the range of 10 to 40. In comparison with laboratory compaction test, similar compaction line are shown in the dry side of optimum moisture contents.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.205-206
• /
• 2012

A general method to measure the inverter DC bus capacitor current is described. It is an indirect estimated method. By measuring the input and out voltage and current can calculate DC bus capacitor current. This paper will develope the theory that describes the indirect method. It will discuss and verify the feasibility of this approach through the use of the PSIM. Using SPWM control method will be simulated and compared.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1987

To study the body trunk basic to Clothing construction, and study the peculiarities of visual spatial division, necessary items are measured indirectly from 216 unmarried women from 19 to 24 years old by a photographic net-work method. In so doing, the problem of Fashion Design in establishing the location of Darts for Basic Dress is not considered. The following results are obtained. 1) Indirect measuring method, is obtained approximate to actual size, with an error of .+-. 2.8cm. 2) In the modeling plan of Dart location viewed from the visual-spatial division in Basic Dress, it is concluded that Darts are to be placed at the point of 1/3k+1/5k form the waist. From the aesthetic point of wiew, it is more appealling for darts to be placed at the point of 6cm .+-. 0.6cm right or left of center. 3) From direct measurement dart location can be set based on bust point width, and from indirect measurement, dart location can be set based on waist width.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2003

This study suggests the new 2D anthropometric method using digital camera. It is used MK2001 program that can convert 2D measurements to 3D measurements. To improve that it is measured 100 college students with direct and indirect anthropometric method. The measurements were processed by the SPSS ver10 Statistical Package. The average, standard deviation, and t-test were calculated for each category. Most measurements by 2D measurements are higher than direct measurements but degree. The difference between direct and indirect measurements is less than 2cm. In the results of t-test, height measurements including other 16 measurements which is easy to measure have no meaningful difference within 1cm. The depth measurements are most high difference. The result of each measurement proves that MK2001 program (2D anthropometry method using digital camera) is available for measuring the human body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.653-657
• /
• 1996

This paper presents adaptive cutting force control in milling process using indirect cutting force measurement. The cutting forces in X, Y, and Z axes are measured indirectly from the sensing current of the feed-drive servo motor. After modelling the feed-drive system of a horizontal machining center, the relation between the cutting force and the servo motor current is analyzed. The pulsating milling forces are measured from the sensing current within the bandwidth of the servo. It is shown that indirect cutting farce measurement can be used in adaptive cutting force control. The adaptive control scheme which is globally convergent and stable is attached to a commercial CNC machining center. Cutting experiments on end milling are performed for diagonal cutting.