• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1431-1440
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• 1993

This paper presents a new NC machine performance test and calibration system. In order to measure NC machine erros in simpler, and less time-comsuming way, some indirect measuring systems such as circular disk system and double ball bar system have been developed instead of laser interferometer. But these indirect measuring systems have shown their limits in identifying each of NC machine error sources in absolute numerical value. Therefore, we developed an unique NC machine error measurement system which provides a simple measuring process like other conventional indirect methods and still can indentify each of NC machine error sources in absolute numerical value.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 스마트 안테나 시스템에 대해 경로 결함들의 보정과 전력 증폭기의 비선형성 보상을 결합하는 새로운 기술을 제안하였다. 배열 안테나의 각각의 경로들이 동일한 특성을 갖기 위한 보정과 보상을 위해 선형 항에 3차 항을 추가한 다항식과 간접 학습 구조를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 성능을 입증하였다. 모의실험 결과, 단 하나의 3차 항을 추가하여 선형 결함들뿐만 아니라 모든 비선형 효과까지 효율적으로 보상함을 확인하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

In this paper, mode I fracture toughness of rock was determined by direct and indirect methods using Particle Flow Code simulation. Direct methods are compaction tension (CT) test and hollow centre cracked quadratic sample (HCCQS). Indirect methods are notched Brazilian disk (NBD) specimen, the semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen, hollow centre cracked disc (HCCD), the single edge-notched round bar in bending (SENRBB) specimen and edge notched disk (END). It was determined that which one of indirect fracture toughness values is close to direct one. For this purpose, initially calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to data obtained from Brazilian laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. Furthermore, the simulated models in five introduced indirect tests were cross checked with the results from direct tests. By using numerical testing, the failure process was visually observed. Discrete element simulations demonstrated that the macro fractures in models are caused by microscopic tensile breakages on large numbers of bonded discs. Mode I fracture toughness of rock in direct test was less than other tests results. Fracture toughness resulted from semi-circular bend specimen test was close to direct test results. Therefore semi-circular bend specimen can be a proper test for determination of Mode I fracture toughness of rock in absence of direct test.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.769-776
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• 2018

국제전기기술위원회의 문서 IEC 60601-1의 3판 규격과 IEC 60601-2-45의 개별 규격에서는 진단용 X선 장치에서 X선 피폭 선량 정보를 표시하고 그 정확성을 명시할 것을 권고하고 있다. 하지만 임상에서 사용하는 부착형 공기커마 면적선량계는 교정에 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 임상에 적용 가능한 RQR 표준 선질을 이용하여 공기커마 면적선량계의 에너지 의존성과 정확도를 평가하였고 임상에서 간접 교정을 시행할 수 있도록 방법론을 마련하고자 하였다. RQR5의 표준 선질에서 시행한 시험에서 부착형 공기커마 면적선량계는 -7.5%의 오차를 나타냈고, RQR8의 표준 선질에서는 -10.3%의 오차를 나타냈으며 시험한 모든 RQR 선질에 대해 평균 절대오차는 $8.30%{\pm}2.85%$를 나타내 IEC 60580과 AAPM TG 190의 조건을 만족하였다. 본 연구에서 도출한 공기커마 면적선량계의 교정 방법은 임상에서 사용하는 공기커마 면적 선량계의 간접 교정법으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2014

In recent years, multi-camera systems have been recognized as an affordable alternative for the collection of 3D spatial data from physical surfaces. The collected data can be applied for different mapping(e.g., mobile mapping and mapping inaccessible locations)or metrology applications (e.g., industrial, biomedical, and architectural). In order to fully exploit the potential accuracy of these systems and ensure successful manipulation of the involved cameras, a careful system calibration should be performed prior to the data collection procedure. The calibration of a multi-camera system is accomplished when the individual cameras are calibrated and the geometric relationships among the different system components are defined. In this paper, a new single-step approach is introduced for the calibration of a multi-camera system (i.e., individual camera calibration and estimation of the lever-arm and boresight angles among the system components). In this approach, one of the cameras is set as the reference camera and the system mounting parameters are defined relative to that reference camera. The proposed approach is easy to implement and computationally efficient. The major advantage of this method, when compared to available multi-camera system calibration approaches, is the flexibility of being applied for either directly or indirectly geo-referenced multi-camera systems. The feasibility of the proposed approach is verified through experimental results using real data collected by a newly-developed indirectly geo-referenced multi-camera system.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

엑스선을 이용한 방사선검사에서 전리함 방식의 면적선량계를 이용하여 흡수선량과 면적선량을 측정하고, 교정계수를 측정하였다. 간접선량측정법은 엑스선발생장치의 방사부에 검출기를 설치, 측정치를 조사부위에서의 선량으로 산출하였다. 교정계수를 산출하기 위해 사용된 기기는 엑스선 발생장치로 (DK-550R/F, DongKang Medical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea)를 이용하였고, 교정계수를 위한 교정방법은 면적선량계와 교정선량계를 연결하고 관전압 70 kV, 관전류 500 mA, 0.158 sec로 79 mAs 조건을 이용하였다. 면적선량계 (PD-8100, Toreck Co. Ltd. Japan)을 이용하였고, 기준선량계는 반도체검출기 (DOSIMAX plus A, Scanditronix, $Wellh{\ddot{o}}fer$, Germany)를 이용하였다. 면적선량계를 전리함의 다중조리개 전면에 설치 후 정확한 선량 측정을 위해 기준선량계를 이용하여 선량계의 교정계수를 구하였다. 실험적으로 노출하여 측정된 값과 교정선량계에서 나온 값에 각각의 교정계수를 곱하여 산출하였다. 교정계수는 1.045로 산출되었다. 전리함 방식의 면적선량계에서 관전압에 따른 교정계수를 산출하기 위해 흡수선량과 면적선량을 구하여 교정상수를 산출하였다. 면적선량계의 교정계수를 구하여 정확한 면적선량을 산출하여야 한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 1992

본 실험은 가공한 육제품에 첨가된 대두단백질(soy protein)을 정량하기 위한 면역분석(Immunoassay)법의 개발을 목적으로 실시하였다. Isolated soy protein(ISP)의 whole buffer extract(WBE) 분획을 SDS 처리 후 토끼에 주사하여 생산된 항혈청의 항체역가를 indirect ELISA법으로 조사하였을 시 1 : 10,000 이상에서도 반응을 나타내었다. 시료의 처리시 SDS의 최종농도가 0.03% 이상에서는 항원-항체 반응이 심각하게 저지되었으나, 0.02% 이하에서는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 실험에 사용한 항체는 SDS로 변성된 항원(대두단백질)은 물론 SDS를 투석으로 제거한 재생항원(renatured antigen)과도 반응하였으나 그 정도는 변성항원에 비하여 약간 낮았다. 검정곡선(calibration curve)을 indirect competitive ELISA 법으로 작성하였을 시 ISP를 100 ng/100 ml까지 측정할 수 있는 감도(sensitivity)를 얻었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.211-214
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• 1986

A simultaneous determination method of alkaline earth metals was attempted with the conventional high performance liquid chromatographic system. Four cations, namely, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium ion, were injected directly as aqueous solution into an eluent containing copper chloride solution and and were successfully separated and determined on a separating column (Zipax SCX, 4.6 mm i.d. ${\times}25$ cm length, Du Pont, USA) by using a variable wavelength UV detector. The linear calibration curves were obtianed in the range from $1.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ to $5.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ and the correlation coefficient of the calibration curve for each metal of magnesium and calcium in tap water. Alkaline earth metals were determined with the conventional high performance liquid chromatographic system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.875-880
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• 2006

A new, simple and fast flow injection analysis (FIA) method has been developed for the indirect determination of nitrite. The proposed indirect automatic method is based on the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate using a lead(IV) dioxide oxidant microcolumn where the flow of the sample through the microcolumn reduces the $PbO_2$ solid phase reagent to Pb(II), which is measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The absorbance of Pb(II) are proportional to the concentration of nitrite in the samples. The calibration curve was linear up to 30 mg $L ^{-1}$, with a detection limit of 0.11 mg $L ^{-1}$ for a 400 mL injected sample volume and a sampling rate of about 80 $h ^{-1}$. The results exhibit no interference from the presence of large amounts of ions. The developed procedure was found to be suitable for the determination of nitrite in foodstuffs and wastewaters. A relative standard deviation better than 0.9% was obtained in a repeatability study. The reliability of the method was established by parallel determination against the standard method.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of rapid-setting polymer-modified asphalt mixtures with a high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content. METHODS: A literature review revealed that emulsified asphalt is actively used for cold-recycled pavement. First, two types of rapid-setting polymer-modified asphalt emulsion were prepared for application to high-RAP material with no virgin material content. The quick-setting polymer-modified asphalt mixtures using two types of rapid-setting polymer-modified asphalt emulsion were subjected to the following tests: 1) Marshall stability test, 2) water immersion stability test and 3) indirect tensile strength ratio test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Additional re-calibration of the RAP was needed for laboratory verification because the results of analyzing RAP aggregates, which were collected from different job sites, did not deviate from the normal range. The Marshall stability of each type of binder under dry conditions was good. However, the Type B mixtures with bio-additives performed better in the water immersion stability test. Moreover, the overall results of the indirect tensile strength test of RAP mixtures with Type B emulsions exceeded 0.7. Further research, consisting of lab testing and on-site application, will be performed to verify the possibility of using RAP for minimizing the closing of roadways.