• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2013

Objectives The aims of this study was to observe the effectiveness of East-West Integrative Medicine (EWIM) by analysing between EWIM estimated group and Non-EWIM eastimated group with Brain Rehabilitation Registry. Methods We divided hospitals into two groups, one is EWIM estimated group hospital (Kyeonghee university, Wonkwang university, Dongguk university) and the other is non-EWIM estimated group (Jeonnam university, Gyeongbuk university, Catholic university). Then we analysed the effectiveness of treatments retrospectively using the database of Brain Rehabilitation Registry (http://www.kbrr.or.kr/, version 1.0). Totally 293 patients were included, EWIM estimated group was 175 and non-EWIM estimated group was 118. The main outcome measurements were National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K). Results Changes of NIHSS was not significant in both total patient and patient who treated over 3 weeks. MMSE-K showed positively significant difference (p=0.044) in EWIM estimated group patients who treated over 3 weeks. In case of MBI, EWIM estimated group showed more effective result and also statistically significant in both total patients and patients who treated over 3 weeks. Conclusions We patially argued that EWIM estimated group was more effective than non-EWIM estimated group in stroke patients' functional recovery. We suggested base data of EWIM in stroke patiens through this study and this could be applied future researches of developing modified EWIM system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.691-699
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• 2004

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by exaggerated loss of bone mass, with as much as 50 to 85% of the variation in bone mineral density (BMD) commonly accepted as being genetically determined. Although intensive studies have attempted to elucidate the genetic effects of polymorphisms on BMD and/or osteoporosis in several genes, the genes involved are still largely unknown. The possible associations of genetic variants in five-candidate genes (IL10, CCR3, MCP1, MCP2 and GC) with spinal BMD were investigated in Korean postmenopausal women (n = 370). Fourteen SNPs in five candidate genes were genotyped, and the haplotypes of each gene constructed. The associations of adjusted spinal BMD by age, year since menopause (YSM) and body mass index (BMI), with genetic polymorphisms, were analyzed using multiple regression models. Genetic association analysis of Korean postmenopausal women revealed that IL10 -592A > C and/or IL10 ht2 were associated with decreased bone mass, whereas no significant associations were observed with all polymorphisms in other genes. The levels of spinal BMD in individuals bearing the IL10 -592CC genotype were lower ($0.78{\pm}0.16$) than those in others ($0.85{\pm}0.17$) (P = 0.02), and the BMD of IL10 ht2 bearing individuals were also lower ($0.82{\pm}0.15$) than those in others ($0.85{\pm}0.17$) (P = 0.04). Our results suggest that variants of IL10 might play a role in the decreased BMD, although additional study might need to be followed-up in a more powerful cohort.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.362-362
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• 2014

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be regarded as a special variation of the chemical vapor deposition method for reducing film thickness. ALD is based on sequential self-limiting reactions from the gas phase to produce thin films and over-layers in the nanometer scale with perfect conformality and process controllability. These characteristics make ALD an important film deposition technique for nanoelectronics. Tantalum pentoxide ($Ta_2O_5$) has a number of applications in optics and electronics due to its superior properties, such as thermal and chemical stability, high refractive index (>2.0), low absorption in near-UV to IR regions, and high-k. In particular, the dielectric constant of amorphous $Ta_2O_5$ is typically close to 25. Accordingly, $Ta_2O_5$ has been extensively studied in various electronics such as metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (FET), organic FET, dynamic random access memories (RAM), resistance RAM, etc. In this experiment, the variations of chemical and interfacial state during the growth of $Ta_2O_5$ films on the Si substrate by ALD was investigated using in-situ synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. A newly synthesized liquid precursor $Ta(N^tBu)(dmamp)_2$ Me was used as the metal precursor, with Ar as a purging gas and $H_2O$ as the oxidant source. The core-level spectra of Si 2p, Ta 4f, and O 1s revealed that Ta suboxide and Si dioxide were formed at the initial stages of $Ta_2O_5$ growth. However, the Ta suboxide states almost disappeared as the ALD cycles progressed. Consequently, the $Ta^{5+}$ state, which corresponds with the stoichiometric $Ta_2O_5$, only appeared after 4.0 cycles. Additionally, tantalum silicide was not detected at the interfacial states between $Ta_2O_5$ and Si. The measured valence band offset value between $Ta_2O_5$ and the Si substrate was 3.08 eV after 2.5 cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2013

This research is a progress in order to answer the research question of 'how the listed World Cultural Heritage is being managed now?' the alternate indicators of management effectiveness evaluation were set up based on international principles which were published by UNESCO, ICOMOS etc. Meanwhile the international contents of management and requirements were reflected in the alternate indicators of management effectiveness evaluation. The results were five evaluation categories included context, planning, setting, tourism and community were divided and total 46 alternate indicators in all were selected. In addition, to develop evaluation criteria for Management effectiveness evaluation of world cultural heritage by using Delphi Technique, three rounds of surveys were conducted on a selected expert group to derive and structuralize the evaluation factors. 46 factors got channeled into 32 factors after Delphi survey on appropriateness and credibility. The selected indicators were 7, 6, 7, 6 and 6 respectively in the five evaluation categories. According to the results the follow-up study, it selected management effectiveness evaluation index of world heritage.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2015

Recently, the amount of data is rapidly increasing with the popularity of the SNS and the development of mobile technology. So, it has been actively studied for the effective data analysis schemes of the large amounts of data. One of the typical schemes is a Voronoi diagram based on kNN join algorithm (VkNN-join) using MapReduce. For two datasets R and S, VkNN-join can reduce the time of the join query processing involving big data because it selects the corresponding subset Sj for each Ri and processes the query with them. However, VkNN-join requires a high computational cost for constructing the Voronoi diagram. Moreover, the computational overhead of the VkNN-join is high because the number of the candidate cells increases as the value of the k increases. In order to solve these problems, we propose a MapReduce-based kNN-join query processing algorithm for analyzing the large amounts of data. Using the seed-based dynamic partitioning, our algorithm can reduce the overhead for constructing the index structure. Also, it can reduce the computational overhead to find the candidate partitions by selecting corresponding partitions with the average distance between two seeds. We show that our algorithm has better performance than the existing scheme in terms of the query processing time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.560-563
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• 2004

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of naked neck gene on mortality, cell mediated and humoral immune response in white plumage broiler population. The mortality of homozygous naked neck (Na/Na) broilers (11.71%) was comparatively lower than that of heterozygous naked neck (Na/na) (12.28%) and normally feathered (na/na) (13.59%) broilers. The humoral immune response was measured against (1% v/v) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) for total haemagglutinin (HA) antibody, 2-mercaptoethanol resistance (MER) or (IgG) antibody and 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive (MES) or (IgM) antibody titre on 7 days post-immunization. The titre was expressed as log2 of the highest dilution which shows complete haemagglutination. Total HA titers of Na/Na and Na/na (11.05$\pm$0.53 and 11.09$\pm$0.38) were comparatively higher than that of na/na (10.26$\pm$0.42). The MES antibody titre of Na/Na (8.50$\pm$0.53) and Na/na (7.63$\pm$0.45) broilers were significantly higher as compared to na/na (6.11$\pm$0.32) broilers. The MER titre of na/na genetic group (4.15$\pm$0.42) was significantly higher than Na/Na (2.55$\pm$0.37) and comparatively higher than Na/na (3.45$\pm$0.38) broilers. In vivo cell response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), measured as Foot Index (FI) in mm expressed significantly higher response in Na/na (0.473$\pm$0.05) and Na/Na (0.413$\pm$0.04) broilers as compared to na/na (0.304$\pm$0.03) broilers. The result of present study suggested that white plumage naked neck broilers had better immune response as compared to normally feathered broilers.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

In order to find a feasibility of applying an agricultural biomass to the anaerobic digestion system, the effects of pre-treatment of rice straw was investigated by different sizes,temperatures, ultrasonic frequencies, and with/without NaOH treatment on the change of soluble organic matter, which is generated most dominantly in Korea. It was observed that SCOD(soluble chemical oxygen demand) as the index for the decomposition of rice straw increased with the smaller particle size, higher reaction temperature and alkali treatment. With treatment of 5% NaOH, it was shown that the highest concentrations of SCOD were observed at 9,000 mg $L^{-1}$ and 6,000mg $L^{-1}$ at $35^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. Agitating with ultrasonic irradiation could be enhanced SCOD of rice straw less than 3 cm with 40 kHz of ultrasound. Optimal RPM in this study was at 150 rpm regardless of reaction temperatures.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1997

It has been demonstrated that majority of cells in the mammalian body such as myocytes and epithelial cells of skin and intestine respond to mechanical force or environmental factors and exhibit partial disruption of cell membrane, i. e., cell wounding, even in a physiological condition. Myocardial cells are rather apt to be wounded than other cells since they are definitely exposed to mechanical stress by contraction-relaxation and blood flow. However, the mechanism how myocardial cells protect themselves against cell wounding is not yet clarified. On this background, the present study was performed to elucidate whether albumin leakage is related to cell wounding and to assess whether diltiazem, a potent calcium channel blocker, is beneficial in isoproterenol-induced cell wounding in the heart. Hearts isolated from New Zealand White rabbits ($1.5\sim2.0kg$ body weight, n=20) were perfused with Tyrode solution by Langendorff technique. After stabilization of baseline hemodynamics, the hearts were subjected to bolus administration of isoproterenol and diltiazem as following order: $1.6{\mu}M$ isoproterenol at zero min (the beginning point): $16{\mu}M$ diltiazem at 20min; $1.6{\mu}M$ isoproterenol at 25min; $16{\mu}M$ isoproterenol at 45 min; $160{\mu}M$ diltiazem at 65 min; $16{\mu}M$ isoproterenol at 70 min. During all experiments, the left ventricular function was recorded, albumin leakage in the coronary effluents was analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blot, and myocardial cell membranes were examined by conventional transmission electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by t-test and linear regression test. Isoproterenol significantly increased the inotropic and chronotropic contractions, coronary flow, and frequency of arrhythmia, however, diltiazem did not influence on hemodynamics except decrease in the frequency of arrhythmia and a slight decrease in contractility. Isoproterenol also resulted partial disruption of myocardial cell membrane and inclose in albumin leakage, while diltiazem pretreatment showed number of electron-dense plaques in the cell membrane and a tendency of decrease in albumin leakage. These results indicate that albumin leakage may be an indirect index of cell wounding in the heart and diltiazem nay be beneficial to protect myocardial cells against isoproterenol-induced cell wounding. It is likely that diltiazem promotes resealing process of the cell membrane.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2009

In this study, effect of mating group, mating dam and mating sire was analyzed using olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. A challenge test was conducted using 1,708 olive flounder fingerlings obtained through $4{\times}4$ factorial cross from parents selected based on resistant degree. Regarding the means of resistant index, survival rate and days of survival by each mating group, the group(RR) produced by mating among resistant parents were 17.98, 13.77%, and 18.36 days, respectively; the group(SS) produced by mating among susceptible parents were 12.46, 2.71%, and 12.40 days, respectively. This study gives an indication that challenge test results may be successfully used as selection criteria for disease resistance to E. tarda in olive flounder, P. olivaceus.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.4 s.88
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• pp.440-446
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• 2005

To determine the shelf-life of low salted Myungran-jeot (low salted and fermented Alaska pollack roe), various chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were carried out with Myungran-jeot stored at 10 days. The lactic acid content was slowly increased in the early stage of storage but then was rapidly increased with lengthening storage period, while pH was decreased during storage. The $NH_2-N$ content was steady at 10 days and peaked at 17 days. The production of VBN was increased to over $30mg\%$ at 19 days. In microbiological tests, the viable cell count and halotolerant bacteria were $1.5\times10^3\;and\;5.5\times10^3CFU/g$, respectively, at the initial state, but they slowly increased to $10^7 CFU/g$ at 17 days. Yeast or fungi did not appear on the surface of Myungran-jeot. Sensory evaluation showed that the original torture of Myungran-jeot in the mouth was a very important indicator for acceptability. Sensory characters and acceptability of Myungran-jeot at 17 days were not significantly different from those of the initial state. From these results, the estimated shelf-life of Myungran-jeot whom sealed with aluminum coated paper, was about 18 days in this study.