• Food Science and Industry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2016

It is important to encourage the restoration of the production of traditional Korean liquors, which is being undertaken by individuals, companies, and the government. The flavours of traditional liquors differ and depend on the environment and raw materials. This study on the traditional Gangwondo liquor is based on literature review and oral tradition. The history of and the scientific rationale behind the use of malt, which is a characteristic feature of the traditional Gangwondo liquor manufacturing process, must be systematically researched. It is important that independent two-step fermentation is used in Gangwondo, while in other regions simultaneous two-step fermentation is used. We expect that the current research on fermentation will be useful for the production of various traditional liquors. The total production of traditional liquors will need to be increased to meet the needs of the world festival, 2018 Olympic Winter Games in Pyeongchang.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.73
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• pp.56-91
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• 2015

This study examined changes in the independent production environment in the perspectives from flexible specialization of labor and media routines since January 2011, when comprehensive programming television channels (JTBC, MBN, Channel A, TV Chosun) emerged in Korea. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirteen individuals, including producers from independent production companies, broadcast writers, and individuals involved with these TV channels. The interview results indicated that a flexible specialization production system had been established by the comprehensive programming channels. This means that they were heavily dependent on independent producers, except in relations to their own news programs. Moreover, it was identified that the production of diverse programs could be difficult due to absurd contract practices such as those related to TV ratings and performance systems. Second, these channels have implemented some positive changes such as the payment of higher production costs and an incentive system, compared to terrestrial TV stations. However, the incentive system also helps to aggravate internal competition in the channel and also instigate contract competitions among independent companies, which can eventually result in the channels for holding exclusive rights to certain content and, hence, unfair business practices. Third, as a result of the newspaper and broadcast cross-owenership system of the comprehensive programming channels, hierarchical independent production practices can be established under the influence of newspaper proprietors and executives or managers who have previously worked for newspapers. Lastly, as a result of interviews with independent producers and individuals involved with the TV channels concerning the awareness of comprehensive programming channels, it could not be ascertained whether it is difficult to produce programs dealing with diverse items and genres, because programming autonomy has been distorted by capital or the advertisement market. In this circumstance, it is not surprising that some comprehensive programming channels mentioned that they prioritize profit and performance in programming. In conclusion, it is absolutely imperative that complementary and legal measures be implemented institutionally in order to redress the existing systematic dysfunctional routines in the independent productions of the comprehensive programming TV channels in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.146-154
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• 2010

Korean TV program market has started since 1995 along with Cable TV and local TV stations and increased significantly due to Korean wave. Now the new platform such as IPTV makes a new opportunity of growth to the TV program market. This study will analyse the actual status and mechanism of Korean TV program market. To begin, Korean TV market is still dominated by terrestrial TV in domestic distribution market and in exportation even though the windows are diversified. This has influenced not only for the production market but also the distribution market as the following: continuous conflicts between terrestrial TV and independent production companies even though the significant increase of independent production in quantity ; terrestrial TV's dominance in distribution market with enormous libraries as for the major content provider. In addition, there are limited independent distributors due to the exclusive trade of TV programs by terrestrial TV. As for the exportation, foreign market for Korean TV programs are mainly Asian countries like Japan, China, etc. Furthermore, since the genre of distribution has been concentrated in dramas, it is time to make efforts to find a solution. Thus, this research can give a guideline as for the first step.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.327-337
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• 2019

The aim of this research is to contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of automotive parts suppliers while departing from the dependent relationship structure, by developing and interpreting factors that affect sale, which are financial achievements, in a practical way. The research data covered 200 companies from 2013-2017. The study hypothesis was verified by dividing the hypothesis into Model1 with control variables only and Model2 with control variables in independent variables. As a result of hypothesis testing, regarding sales, only capital size showed to have an effect in Model1, while in Model2, asset size, number of employees and joint ventures with foreign companies did but the other remaining factors did not. In particular, the results showed that an increase in financial performance required 'Economies of scale', and that companies that concentrated on a small number of items, diversified products into four or more items, or owned two to four suppliers, reaped positive results in financial performance. Therefore, in addition to the selection and concentration of corporate management for production items and account management, applying strategies, like the inter-company M&A, consortiums and co-branded strategies to achieve 'Economy of scale', would highly enhance the financial performance of automotive parts suppliers.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

A typical small firm in consumer goods sectors of developing countries is an OEM supplier to big MNCs. Lacking design and marketing capability, a small firm relies on the MNCs for survival but their long term growth is not guaranteed as the MNCs are always looking for, and ready to relocate to, cheaper production sites. In this light, we can say that there is something like "OEM trap" from which most firms from LDCs find difficult to move out (Lee 2005). In this situation, one way for long term growth and catch-up is to make a transition to the OBM (own brand manufacturer). But, the transition is not easy or even risky. This paper analyzes the cases of three companies in Korea to find out common features in their successful transition to OBM. They are Aurora World (a flush toy maker), Hankook Chinaware (a chinaware maker), and Hanacobi (a plastic-made food container maker with the Lock-and-Lock brand). These firms can be commonly characterized by 1) arranging access to external knowledge base and steady increase of in-house R&D efforts and capabilities leading to acquisition of formal IPRs and their management, and 2) establishment of global production networks with factories in lower-income countries as well as their own independent global marketing network.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.140-151
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• 2010

In the era of the rapid change of broadcasting industry, Korean terrestrial TV, dominant player, face also to severe competition with the new media platforms. To survive in the traditional market and to be winner in the new market, they tend to diverse their activities. Particularly, they expand the activities to the content business. Therefore, this study focus on the diversification of 3 major free TV, KBS, MBC, SBS. As a result, Korean terrestrial TV still dominate content industry with their enormous library and their distribution networks : they conflict with the independent companies and do the contents business exclusively. There are no rooms for the independent distributor. Among 3 players, the strategies of SBS have been oriented to the business and in the field of MPP(Multiple program Provider), the performance of MBC has been remarkable.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.711-716
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• 2011

Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs of Korea has started a research project on verification process and safety assessment of Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) system for metropolitan railroad control as a 3-year project starting from 2010. As a number of companies has made efforts in securing the technologies for domestic production of CBTC systems, the purpose of the project is to develop the specification for interoperability with the considerations for local environments including metropolitan train operations and wireless communications. And the developed systems and the RAMS related outcomes from the participating companies are subject to Independent Safety Assessment (ISA) performed by a foreign specialized agency and the corresponding certificates are to be issued as a part of the project. In this paper, the RAMS management for verification and commercialization of metropolitan railroad CBTC systems has been studied. The study includes response strategy for the requirements of international standards, responsibility and authority of the related institute and the companies, quantitative RAMS objectives, and risk management strategies in project fulfillment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.105-112
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• 2020

The study investigates and measures the impact of capital structure, profitability and financial performance on the success of the business organization. Capital structure of the business organization refers to the proportion of external funds and internal funds, i.e., debt and equity. In Saudi Arabia, petrochemicals companies are working on equity, but financial performance reflects negative trend for the period 2004 to 2016. The research is based upon secondary data available on the websites of petrochemicals companies of Saudi Arabia. Financial Ratio variability analysis and Trend Indices of financial ratios (TI_CBI) measure and compare the financial variability and sensitivity of financial ratios of the business organization. Correlation between Trend Indices (TI_CBI) of independent variable and dependent variables are to be calculated to know the impact of changes in debt equity on other dependent variables. The results reveal the unexpected performance of petrochemicals companies due to under-utilization of the resources caused by low demand and lower prices of the products governed by some internal and external factors. The study finds that size, demand, cost of production, profitable streams of products, and low cost capital in external funds are the factors responsible for overall growth development of the petrochemicals industry of Saudi Arabia.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2020

Purpose: This research investigates the impact of technology adoption on organisation productivity. The framework has three independent variables viz. technological change, information technology (IT) infrastructure, and IT knowledge management and one dependent variable as organisational productivity. Research design, data and methodology: An explanatory research design with a quantitative research method was employed, and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire using online as well as an offline survey. The sample consisted of 300 IT managers and senior-level executives (production as well as service team) in leading IT companies in Malaysia selected using snowball sampling. Normality and reliability assessment was performed in the first stage utilising SPSS 22, and Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) was performed with maximum likelihood estimation to assess the internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Finally, Structural Equation Model (SEM) and path analysis are conducted using AMOS 22. Results: The research findings demonstrated that technological change and IT infrastructure positively and significantly impact the organisation's productivity while IT knowledge management has significant but negative impact on organizational productivity of IT companies in Malaysia. Conclusion: The research concludes that all three factors plays important role in deciding organizational producvity. Recommendations, implications, limitations and future research avenues are discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

Purpose - Considering the environmental issues in corporate management is now a necessity, not an option. In addition, consumers' interest in health and environment has increased rapidly. This study aims to investigate how the management style that pursues environmental protection affects the various outcomes at each management process such as planning, producing and supervising process. Research design, data, and methodology - We surveyed 319 manufacturing companies from April 1 to April 30, 2016. Green purchasing, environmental technology management and management support are selected as independent variables and firm performances as dependent variables. Three analyses including factor, regression and moderating were conducted. Results - Regression analysis was performed to set up hypotheses. Consequently, the total six hypotheses were adopted and then innovative management style showed moderating effect. Conclusions - Companies should consider environmental factors to improve the financial performance in the long term. Especially the cooperative style enhances financial performance by implementing eco-friendly design in cooperation with customers. Also, eco-friendly activities with suppliers could have direct environmental protection effects. Therefore, a manufacturer needs to cooperate with both suppliers and customers to maximize the protection effect. The production of eco-friendly products and implementing eco-friendly design with customers positively affect product quality.