• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2012

Application of the Object-oriented Programming (OOP) method to the Finite Element Model (FEM) program has various strengths including the features of encapsulation, polymorphism and inheritance. However, this technique should be based upon a premise that the independency of the object method and data to be used is guaranteed. By attempting to apply the OOP to the FEM, existing researches go against the independency of the OOP which is an essential feature of the method. The reason is this: existing researches apply the OOP to modules in accordance with analysis procedures, although the data to be used is classified as an element unit in the FEM. Therefore, the required independency cannot be maintained as whole stiffness matrices and boundary conditions are combined together. Also, solutions are sought from analysis module after data is regrouped at the pre-processor, and their results are analyzed during the post-processor. As this is similar to a batch processing, it cannot use data at analysis, and recalculation should be done from the beginning if any condition is changed after the analysis is complete, which are limitations of the existing researches. This research implemented the Object-orientation of elements so that the three features of the OOP (i.e. encapsulation, polymorphism and inheritance) can be guaranteed and their independency maintained as a result. For this purpose, a model called 'Object-oriented Finite element Model ensuring the Independency of Elements (OFMIE)', which enables the analysis of targets through mutual data exchanges within instance, was developed. In conclusion, the required independency was achieved in the instance of the objected elements and the analysis results of previous conditions could be used for the analysis after changes. The number of repetitive calculations was reduced by 75 per cent through this gradual analysis processes.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2001

Axiomatic Design is the useful tool for making a good design. In Axiomatic design, the independency is an important property to determine whether the design is good. Until now many designers decide the independency between FRs by their own decision. The way depending on inspiration is simple and fast, but it can not be considered as precise conclusion. Also there are not exact rule that evaluate the quantitative independency between FRs. This thesis will show the way to evaluated the quantitative independency of FRs from the comparison between FRs of more lower levels, and develop more efficient and objective tool in Axiomatic Design.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.180-181
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• 2008

Recently, USN applications are in the early stage of commercialization. But, there are still several problems to develop USN applications. It is mainly due to the current development scheme that solution vendors makes all of them including HW, SW, sensor modules. The development of USN applications could be revitalized if three entities such as PC platform developers, PC device vendors, and application developers would do their best as in PC development. In this paper, we suggest an sensor node platform architecture supporting sensor independency to overcome the difficulty of developing USN applications. Traditional platforms like Tiny-OS and Nano-Q+ do not support such sensor independency. At first, we present a unified API for sensor independency, and also suggest an architecture to support sensor independancy. Our architecture results in the revitalization of developing USN applications.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 1998

지금까지 알려진 의사난수 생성기에서는 혼합 합동 생성기, 승산 합동 생성기, 유니버셜 난수 생성기, 역함수 합동 생성기, 양의 역함수 난수 생성기 등 여러 가지가 있다. 이러한 의사난수 생성기에 대하여 각각 20, 40, 60, 80, 100개의 자료를 생성하여 유의수준(${\alpha}$) 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 기준으로 10,000번의 시행 과정을 통하여 난수의 특성인 일양성과 독립성을 만족하는지를 검정하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1996

In this study we simulate the fatigue test of a compact tension specimen and obtain the displacements, stresses and strains by using the finite element method. And we examine the path independency of $\Delta$J integral values and compare it with $\Delta$J integral values calculated from load-load line displacement curve. From the results of this study, we can find that $\Delta$J integral show the path Independency for saturated materials. We can also find that the path independency of $\Delta$J Is not satisfied when different material Is assumed near the crack tip, but the difference in $\Delta$J is small. And $\Delta$J integral values calculated from load-load line displacement is very analogous with those from integration path but always have lower values than those from integration paths. In the case of crack closing, we found that $\Delta$J integral values from load-load line displacement should be calculated with the load Increment values based on the crack opening point. The unsaturated material is also simulated and its $\Delta$J shows different values according to the path, but the difference is small.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2005

As Korea has approached the aging society, older Koreans have become an important force in restaurant sales today. To succeed with this silver market, it is important for restaurant managers to know who they are and which factor influence the older Koreans' eating-out decision making process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the elderly consumers financial independency on restaurant selection process. Data were collected from 178 older consumers above 55 years old and analyzed using the descriptive statistic analysis, MANOVA, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the elderly consumers financial independency significantly influenced the decision making process in determining where they eat out Significant differences were found between high income group and low income group in the Problem Recognition Step(Wilks' Lambda=0.776, F=3.796), Information Search Step(Wilks' Lambda=0.779, F=2.959), Alternative Evaluation Step (I :Wilks' Lambda=0.835, F=1.748/ II :Wilks' Lambda=0.764, F=3.212), and Purchase Decision Step(Wilks' Lambda=0.849, F=2.412), except the Post-Purchase Behavior(Wilks' Lambda=0.933, F=1.179). The more financially independent older consumers were, the more directly they were involved in the eating out decision making process. Older consumers with higher income and more personal property were likely to 'propose to eat out by themselves'(F=10.986), to obtain restaurant information from the 'printed materials'(F=9.707), to consider 'convenient location' as most important factor when they eat out(F=5.594), and to go to 'family restaurant'(F=7.067), 'Japanese restaurant'(F=7.391) and 'fine dining restaurants'(F-=6.382). In conclusion, we found that the elderly consumers financial independency did influence the eating-out decision making process. Considering that older Korean will become a financially independent consumer and will be eating away from home more often, food service operations should actively position themselves for this market and develop the market-driven menus and services to meet their needs and expectations.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate donning and doffing independence of the disabled individuals. The subjects of this study were who had kinetic disabilities on upper-limbs. 31 women and 38 children were participated in the survey. They were classified with six groups according to their upper-limbs' kinetic ability levels. Three upper-limbs' kinetic abilities were adopted: Lifting arms up to the chest, twisting shoulder to throw arms toward the back, and buttoning clothes by oneself. The independency of donning and doffing of 14 upper-body garment styles were evaluated by subjects. The donning and doffing independency of 14 garment styles was significantly differentiated by the level of kinetic abilities and garment styles. The person who able to button clothes by oneself could don and doff clothes by oneself. The results also revealed that the independency of donning and doffing was significantly different between cerebral palsy and apoplexy groups. The persons having a stroke of apoplexy were more likely to be able to dress independently than the persons with cerebral palsy. The persons with a paralysed arm were more likely able to wear ready-to-wear clothes of various styles. The donning and doffing independency was also significantly differentiated by the styles of garments. The tight fit style garments were more difficult to be dressed independently than the loose fit style garments. The jacket and shirts, which were buttoned from neck to bottom, were more difficult to be dressed independently than T-shirts.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2002

Axiomatic Design is the one of many useful methods for making a good design. In this method, the independency of Functional Requirements (FRs) is an important property to determine whether the design is good or not. Until now so many designers have decided the independency between FRs by their own decisions. The way depending on inspiration is simple and fast, but it can not be considered as a precise conclusion. Also there are not exact rule that evaluate the quantitative independence between FRs. This paper will show the way to evaluate the quantitative independence of FRs from the comparison between FRs of lower levels, and develop more efficient and objective tool in Axiomatic Design.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 공영방송사 KBS와 MBC의 방송독립성과 뉴스 신뢰도에 대한 시청자 평가가 채널브랜드자산(인지도, 이미지, 충성도, 품질)에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 연령대와 정치성향에 따라 모든 변인들이 어떤 차이를 보이는지 살펴보는 것이다. 연구결과, KBS와 MBC에 대한 시청자의 뉴스 신뢰도 평가는 방송독립성에 대한 평가보다 채널브랜드자산에 더 강한 영향력을 나타냈다. 연령대의 경우, KBS는 장년층 집단이 대학생 집단보다 채널 이미지와 충성도가 더 높았고, MBC는 대학생 집단이 장년층 집단보다 채널 인지도와 품질에 더 긍정적인 인식을 나타냈다. 정치성향의 경우, KBS와 MBC 모두 정치적으로 보수적인 집단이 중도 또는 진보적인 집단에 비해 방송독립성, 뉴스 신뢰도, 그리고 채널브랜드자산에 대해 더 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로, 공영방송은 방송독립성 확보 노력을 뉴스 신뢰도 제고에서 찾아야 하는 것으로 보인다. 공영방송은 시청자들의 채널브랜드자산 인식 제고를 위해 뉴스의 진실성 회복과 전문성 향상에 집중해야 한다. 공영방송 채널브랜드자산 관리를 위해 시청자의 연령대와 그들의 정치성향에 대한 심도있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.445-456
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• 2004

데이타베이스 스키마는 모델링 되는 환경이 변화할 때에도 여전히 유효한 상태로 남을 만큼 안정적이라고 가정되어 왔다. 그러나 실제로는, 데이타 모델은 데이타베이스 설계자들이 공통으로 가정하는 만큼 안정적이지 않다. 현재 데이타베이스 시스템에서 풍부한 스키마 변화 연산들이 제공되지만은 사용자들은 스키마 변화가 스키마에 쓰여진 기존의 응용 프로그램에 영향을 미치는 문제로 곤란을 겪어왔다. 이 논문은 응용 프로그램에 영향을 주는 문제를 탐구한다. 옛 스키마에 기존의 프로그램을 지속적으로 지원하기 위하여 옛 스키마가 이전처럼 변경과 질의를 계속 허락해야 한다. 더 나아가, 관련 데이타는 최신상태로 유지되어야 한다 이것을 스키마 변화 도구의 프로그램 독립 성질이라 부른다. 이 성질을 달성하기 위하여, 이 논문은 프로그램 독립적인 스키마 진화 (Program Independency Schema Evolution: PISE) 방법론을 제안한다. 더 나아가, 각각의 관계형 스키마의 변화 연산들에 대하여 PISE 방법론에 기초한 구현 알고리즘을 도식적으로 설명함으로써 PISE 방법론의 포괄성과 견고성을 증명한다.