• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2018

Reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames supported on two ground levels have been widely constructed in mountainous areas with medium to high seismicity in China. In order to investigate the seismic collapse behavior and risk, a scaled frame model was tested under constant axial load and reversed cyclic lateral load. Test results show that the failure can be induced by the development of story yielding at the first story above the upper ground. The strong column and weak beam mechanism can be well realized at stories below the upper ground. Numerical analysis model was developed and calibrated with the test results. Three pairs of six case study buildings considering various structural configurations were designed and analyzed, showing similar dynamic characteristics between frames on two ground levels and flat ground of each pair. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were then conducted to obtain the seismic collapse fragility curves and collapse margin ratios of nine analysis cases designated based on the case study buildings, considering amplification of earthquake effect and strengthening measures. Analysis results indicate that the seismic collapse safety is mainly determined by the stories above the upper ground. The most probable collapse mechanism may be induced by the story yielding of the bottom story on the upper ground level. The use of tie beam and column strengthening can effectively enhance the seismic collapse safety of frames on two ground levels.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.620-626
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• 2016

구조물의 비선형 지진응답을 평가하는 것은 내진공학에 있어서 중요한 요소로 인식되고 있다. 비선형 정적해석은 이를 위한 대표적인 방법론의 하나이며, 특정 해석단계에서의 구조물 강성추정을 위한 다양한 수치해석적 방법론들이 제시, 적용되고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 방법론들은 상당한 해석시간을 요하거나 부정확한 간편법에 그치고 있어 실무적용에 많은 어려움이 존재한다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 비선형 정적해석 시 정확하고 효과적인 구조물 강성추정 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 기존의 단계해석법에 대한 이론적 연구를 수행하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 이선형 재료모델 특성을 가진 구조물의 강성구성 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 최종적으로, 제시된 알고리즘을 적용한 컴퓨터 프로그램 sNs를 개발하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.495-506
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• 2020

Monitoring of complex processes faces several challenges mainly due to the lack of relevant sensory information or insufficient elaborated decision-making strategies. These challenges motivate researchers to adopt complex data processing and analysis in order to improve the process representation. This paper presents the development and implementation of quality monitoring framework based on a model-driven approach using embedded artificial intelligence strategies. In this work, the strategies are applied to the supervision of a microfabrication process aiming at showing the great performance of the framework in a very complex system in the manufacturing sector. The procedure involves two methods for modelling a representative quality variable, such as surface roughness. Firstly, the hybrid incremental modelling strategy is applied. Secondly, a generalized fuzzy clustering c-means method is developed. Finally, a comparative study of the behavior of the two models for predicting a quality indicator, represented by surface roughness of manufactured components, is presented for specific manufacturing process. The manufactured part used in this study is a critical structural aerospace component. In addition, the validation and testing are performed at laboratory and industrial levels, demonstrating proper real-time operation for non-linear processes with relatively fast dynamics. The results of this study are very promising in terms of computational efficiency and transfer of knowledge to manufacturing industry.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.599-609
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• 2020

The tension-only braced frames (TOBFs) are widely used as a lateral force resisting system (LFRS) in low-rise steel buildings due to their simplicity and economic advantage. However, the system has poor seismic energy dissipation capacity and pinched hysteresis behavior caused by early buckling of slender bracing members. The main concern in utilizing the TOBF system is the determination of appropriate performance factors for seismic design. A formalized approach to quantify the seismic performance factor (SPF) based on determining an acceptable margin of safety against collapse is introduced by FEMA P695. The methodology is applied in this paper to assess the SPFs of the TOBF systems. For this purpose, a trial value of the R factor was first employed to design and model a set of TOBF archetype structures. Afterwards, the level of safety against collapse provided by the assumed R factor was investigated by using the non-linear analysis procedure of FEMA P695 comprising incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) under a set of prescribed ground motions. It was found that the R factor of 3.0 is appropriate for safe design of TOBFs. Also, the system overstrength factor (Ω₀) was estimated as 2.0 by performing non-linear static analyses.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.213-233
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• 2006

Over the past years techniques for non-linear analysis have been enhanced significantly via improved solution procedures, extended finite element techniques and increased robustness of constitutive models. Nevertheless, problems remain, especially for real world structures of softening materials like concrete. The softening gives negative stiffness and risk of bifurcations due to multiple cracks that compete to survive. Incremental-iterative techniques have difficulties in selecting and handling the local peaks and snap-backs. In this contribution, an alternative method is proposed. The softening diagram of negative slope is replaced by a saw-tooth diagram of positive slopes. The incremental-iterative Newton method is replaced by a series of linear analyses using a special scaling technique with subsequent stiffness/strength reduction per critical element. It is shown that this event-by-event strategy is robust and reliable. First, the model is shown to be objective with respect to mesh refinement. Next, the example of a large-scale dog-bone specimen in direct tension is analyzed using an isotropic version of the saw-tooth model. The model is capable of automatically providing the snap-back response. Subsequently, the saw-tooth model is extended to include anisotropy for fixed crack directions to accommodate both tensile cracking and compression strut action for reinforced concrete. Three different reinforced concrete structures are analyzed, a tension-pull specimen, a slender beam and a slab. In all cases, the model naturally provides the local peaks and snap-backs associated with the subsequent development of primary cracks starting from the rebar. The secant saw-tooth stiffness is always positive and the analysis always 'converges'. Bifurcations are prevented due to the scaling technique.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

최근 모바일 디바이스에서 대용량 데이터 저장/관리를 위해 모바일 DBMS를 사용하려는 추세이며 특히 내비게이션 응용과 같이 대용량 맵 데이터의 저장/관리를 위한 모바일 DBMS의 저장구조 및 질의처리 방법에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 무작위 데이터 접근(읽기/쓰기/변경) 질의가 대부분인 DBMS의 저장매체로 플래시메모리를 사용할 경우 성능이 저하된다. 그 이유는 플래시메모리는 특성상 순차적인 데이터 기록에는 성능이 좋지만 무작위 데이터 기록에는 성능이 나쁘다. 따라서 플래시메모리를 저장매체로 사용하는 모바일 DBMS의 경우 기존과 다른 저장 및 질의처리 기법이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 무작위 데이터 업데이트의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 DBMS의 페이지 관리 기법을 연구하였고 이를 점진적 맵 업데이트를 지원하는 내비게이션용 모바일 DBMS에 적용하여 실험하였고 성능을 검증하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.521-531
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• 2011

본 논문은 그림자 영향을 고려한 PV(Photovoltaic) 시스템의 VPO(Variable Perturbation & Observation)MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking) 제어를 제시한다. 태양전지의 출력 특성은 비선형이고 온도, 일사량 및 그림자의 영향을 많이 받는다. MPPT 제어는 태양광발전 시스템의 출력 및 효율을 증가시키기 위한 매우 중요한 기술이다. 종래의 PO(Perturbation & Observation)와 IC(Incremental conductance) 등은 지속적인 자려진동에 의해 MPP(Maximum Power Point)를 찾는 방법으로 그림자 영향에 의해 출력이 급격하게 변할 경우 MPPT 제어를 수행하지 못한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 출력 변동에 따라 스텝 값이 변하는 새로운 제어 알고리즘을 제시한다. 제시한 알고리즘은 일사량, 온도 및 그림자 영향에 대해 종래의 제어 알고리즘과 응답특성을 비교하고 이를 통해 제시한 알고리즘의 타당성을 입증한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

최근 네트워크 기술 발전과 함께 IoT 및 소셜 네트워크 서비스의 활성화로 인해 많은 그래프 스트림 데이터가 생성되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 압축률 및 압축 시간에 대해 중점적으로 연구되던 기존의 압축 기법에 그래프 마이닝을 적용하여 스트림 그래프 환경을 함께 고려한 그래프 압축 기술을 제안한다. 또한, 최신 패턴을 유지하여 실시간으로 변화하는 스트림 그래프에서 압축 효율 및 처리속도를 향상시킨다. 본 논문에서는 그래프 스트림 처리를 위한 점진적 빈발 패턴 기반 압축 기법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 압축률과 처리시간을 기존기법과 비교하여 성능평가를 수행한다. 제안하는 기법은 그래프 데이터의 크기가 커질 때 중복되는 데이터가 많아져 기존 기법보다 빠른 처리속도를 보인다. 따라서, 빠른 처리가 요구되는 스트림 환경에서 제안하는 기법을 활용할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2461-2476
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• 2013

To assess environmental contamination with carcinogens, carbonaceous compounds, water-soluble ionic species and trace gaseous species were identified and quantified every three hours for three days st three different atmospheric layer at the heart of chiang-Mai, bangkok and hat-Yai from December 2006 to February 2007. A DRI model 2001 Themal/Optical Carbon Analyzer with the IMPROVE thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) protocol was used to quantify the organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon content in $PM_{10}$. Diurnal and vertical variability was also carefully investigated. In general, OC and EC contenttration shoeed the highest values at the monitoring period o 21.00-00.00 as consequences of human activities at night bazaar coupled with reduction of mixing layer, decreased wind speed and termination of photolysis nighttime. Morning peaks of carboaceous compounds were observed during the sampling period of 06:00 -09:00, emphasizing the main contribution of traffic emission in the three cities. The estimation of incremental lifetime partculate matter exposure (ILPE) raises concern of high risk of carbonaceous accumulation over workers and residents living close to the observatory sites. The average values of incremental lifrtime particulate matter exposure (ILPE) of total carbon at Baiyoke Suit Hotel and Baiyoke Sky Hotel are approsimately ten time shigher then those air sample collected at prince of songkla University Hat-Yai campus corpse incinerator and fish-can maufacturing factory but only slightly higher than those of rice straw burnig in Songkla province. This indicates a high risk of developing lung cancer and other respiratory diseases across workers and residents living in high buildings located in Pratunam area. Using knowledge of carbonaceous fractions in $PM_{10}$, one can estimate the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Dachs-Eisenreich model highlights the crucial role of adsorption in gas-particle partitioning of low molecular weight PAHs, whereas both absorption and adsorption tend to account for gas-particle partitioning of high molecular weight PAHs in urban residential zones of Thailand. Interestingly, the absorption mode alone plays a minor role in gas-partcle partitiining of PAHs in Chiang-Mai, Bangkok and hat-Yai.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.555-576
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• 2016

In this paper an efficient approach is introduced for design and analysis of double-layer grids including both geometrical and material nonlinearities, while the results are compared with those considering material nonlinearity. Optimum design procedure based on Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization method (ECBO) is applied to optimal design of two commonly used configurations of double-layer grids. Two ranges of spans as small and big sizes with certain bays of equal length in two directions are considered for each type of square grids. ECBO algorithm obtains minimum weight grid through appropriate selection of tube sections available in AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Strength constraints of AISC-LRFD specifications and displacement constraints are imposed on these grids.