• 분석과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2021

Evaluation of drug-excipient compatibility is one of the basic steps in the preformulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Some reactive excipients have been known so far which may cause stability problems for drug molecules in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The aim of this study was to evaluate drugexcipient compatibility of gliclazide with some common pharmaceutical excipients, known for their ability to incorporate in drug-excipient interactions. Binary mixtures were prepared using lactose, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium starch glycolate, polyethylene glycol 2000 and dicalcium phosphate. Based on the results; gliclazide was incompatible with all tested excipients; but not with dicalcium phosphate. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) results were in accordance with HPLC (High Pressure liquid chromatography) data and were more predictive than FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Drug and reactive excipients incompatibility was fully discussed and documented. It is advisable to avoid incompatible excipients or carefully monitor the drug stability when incorporating such excipients in final formulation designs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1989

This paper deals with the genetic properties of R plasmids in Salmonella originated from pigs and cattle. The plasmid DNA was examined for incompatibility, stability and fertility inhibition(Fi), and gel electrophoresis was performed for isolation of plasmid DNA. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Among the 66 conjugative R plasmids from 44 pigs and 22 cattle, 61 R plasmids (92.4%) were $Fi^-$, whereas the remainder were $Fi^+$. 2. The Inc groups of 66 R plasmids were determined with 7 standard plasmids. Twenty-six R plasmids were classified into Inc group $I{\alpha}$, H1, H2 or F1, 40 R plasmids being not classified with standard plasmids used, and the Inc group $I{\alpha}$ (57.7%) was most frequent. 3. Inc groups $I{\alpha}$, H1, and F1 were identified in strains from swine, Inc groups H2 and F1 from cattle. 4. The plasmid DNA profiles in 16 Salmonella isolated from pigs and cattle were confirmed as being 1 to 10 fragments by the gel eletrophoresis. Their molecular weight ranged 1.0 to 90 megadalton. 5. The molecular weight of conjugative plasmids ranged 1.0 to 80 megadalton in 4 Salmonella (P-4, P-5, P-7 and P-8) isolated from pigs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1397-1402
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• 2008

As eight constitution acupuncture began to be applied in clinics, the acupuncture method and the method of differentiating constitution became widely known. However, no official principles of composing acupuncture prescriptions have been established so far. Therefore, this study examined unique and novel interpretations among a variety of theories on the composition of acupoints of eight constitution medicine. The basic principles of the general formula of unit prescription discussed in the study are that the compatibility and incompatibility of the five elements is acknowledged not in one way but in interactive way, and that when an energy shown in the compatibility and incompatibility chart of five elements is tonified, its two neighboring competible energies are tonified due to the effects of compatibility. On the other hand, two other energies which are incompatible with the energy and exist on the opposite side of it are sedated due to the effect of incompatibility. In contrast, when an energy is sedated, its two neighboring competible energies are sedated while two other energies in incompatible with it are tonified. In addition, eight constitution acupuncture could be explained as a variant of Saam acupuncture. It is unfortunate that there exist no established theory but hypotheses with regard to the composition of acupoints of eight constitution acupuncture. It is expected that young scholars will produce better results if they continue researching eight constitution acupuncture.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2017

Purpose - Domestic franchise market has been grown steadily, reaching 50 trillion won in sales and 3,360 franchise headquarters in 2014. A franchise system is an effective business system for the franchisees to lower the failure rate due to the fact that the inexperienced entrepreneurs are supported by their headquarters through the franchisee contract. However, there are also conflicts between franchiser and franchisee behind the quantitative growth of domestic franchise industry. Therefore, it is very important to structure the causes of conflicts and to examine the effect of factors on the relationship commitment and performances. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the author divides the composite incompatibility between the franchise and the franchisee into goal incongruity, domain dissensus, and perceptual differences, and examines each dimension to the relationship with commitment and performances. To verify the proposed research model and test hypotheses, the author selected 200 franchise responses in food and beverage industry. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS structural equation modeling program. Results - The empirical findings provide goal incongruity and perceptual differences have a negative effect on the affective commitment, but not the calculative commitment. In addition, affective commitment and calculative commitment are found to have a positive effect on re-contractual intention and extended brand shop running intention, respectively. Affective commitment have a stronger effect on re-contractual intention than calculative commitment. Conclusions - First of all, the fact that goal incongruity and perceptual differences negatively affect the affective commitment, but it does not affect the calculative commitment. It means the relationship commitment in distribution channel are multi-dimensional concept that may be attributed to emotional or affective dimensions but may exist in terms of necessity or power-dependence. Second, the level of relationship commitment such as affective and calculative commitment to franchise headquarters positively affects the re-contractual intention and franchiser's extend brand shop running intention suggest that franchiser should encourage and support existing franchisee's commitment. Third, the fact that affective commitment has a greater effect on relationship performance than calculative commitment means to induce franchisee's affective commitment and to prevent the inconsistency between goals and perceptual differences.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of fertilization process and embryo development of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Astragali Radix) to provide basic data needed in its breeding. A. membranaceus showed poor seed setting when self-pollination was induced. When artificial pollination was induced, it showed less than 5% bearing in late August, but more than 13% bearing from the beginning of September 4th. The flower size was about $17.0\;mm{\times}4.0\;mm$ and pistils and stamens had the same length of 15.0mm at flowering stage. When self-pollination or cross-pollination was induced, pollen tubes extended to an ovule. While pollen tube was extending to the ovule, reproductive cell split and formed two male generative nuclei and a vegetative nucleus. In the case of self-pollination, fertilized embryo was not observed, but was formed in the case of cross-pollination. A. membranaceus is noted to have zygote self-incompatibility. In the case of cross-pollination, fertilization was observed in 6 to 8 h after pollination, where apical cell derivatives split after fertilization. A spherical pro-embryo was then formed three days after fertilization. The seed attained full shape with a seed coat showing its distinctive contour 15 days after fertilization. Thus, A. membranaceus in Leguminosae family is found to have zygote selfincompatibility although its flower shape is shown to match the self-compatibility plant.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2015

시험 일정 계획 수립 문제는 정확한 해를 다항시간으로 구하는 알고리즘이 알려져 있지 않은 NP-완전이다. 이 문제에 대해, Gu${\acute{e}}$ret et al.은 $O(m^4)$ 수행 복잡도의 선형계획법으로 해를 얻고자 하였다. 반면에, 본 논문에서는 O(m) 복잡도의 채색 수 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 원 데이터를 교과목에 대한 부적합성 행렬과 그래프로 변환시켰다. 다음으로, 부적합성 제약조건을 충족하면서 최소의 시간으로 시험을 치루기 위해, 최소 차수 정점(교과목)부터 인접하지 않은 정점들을 $C_i$ 색으로 배정하여 $B_i$ 상자에 채웠다. 실험 결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 시험 일정 계획 수립 문제에 대해 선형계획법의 $O(m^4)$를 O(m)으로 단축시키면서도 동일한 해를 얻었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1986

여름느타리버섯 Pleurotus sajor-caju은 2개(個)의 불화(不和) 합성(合性) 인자(因子)를 가진 4극성(極性) 교배계(交配系)를 가지고 있으며, 2핵균사체(核菌絲體)는 단핵균사체(單核菌絲體)보다 균사생장(菌絲生長)이 빨랐으나 상호(相互) 상관관계(相關關係)는 없었다. 여름느타리버섯은 2핵균사체(核菌絲體) 뿐만아니라 단핵균사체(單核菌絲體)도 agar배지(培地) 상(上)에서 원기형성(原基形成)이 잘되는 특징(特徵)이 있으며 2핵균사체(核菌絲體)에서 그 형성수(形成數)가 많은 경향(傾向)이었다. 단핵균사체(單核菌絲體)의 자실체(子實體)는 그 형태(形態)가 기형(奇型)이었으며 성숙(成熟)하지 못하고 사멸(死滅)되었으나 2핵균사체(核菌絲體)의 자실체(子實體)는 정상(正常)으로 생장(生長)하였다. 교배균주(交配菌株) 중(中) D-5 균주(菌株)는 모균주(母菌株) 보다 자실체(子實體) 수량(收量)이 높았다. Agar배지(培地) 상(上)에서 2핵균사체(核菌絲體)의 균사생장(菌絲生長)과 원기형성(原基形成) 수(數)는 톱밥 병재배(甁栽培)로 얻은 자실체(子實體) 수량(收量)과 고도(高度)의 상관(相關)이 있었으며, 자실체(子實體) 수량(收量)은 산(傘)의 직경(直徑)과 줄기의 길이와도 고도(高度)의 상관(相關)을 보였다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2000

야생종 토마토의 자가불화합성에 관여하는 S RNase 유전자를 자가화합성인 재배종 토마토에 도입하여 형질전환 식물체를 만들었다. 재조합 Ti-plasmid pBI-S$_{11}$을 제작하여 Agrobacteria를 이용한 leaf disc transformation방법으로 재배종 토마토에 형질전환시켰으며, Southern분석을 통해 형질전환 식물체의 염색체 내에 자가불화합성 유전자가 안정된 구조로 도입되었는지 확인하였다. 형질전환 식물체의 화주 단백질을 이용하여 RNase활성 염색을 하여 화주 내 5단백질의 활성을 확인하였다. 또한 형질전환 식물체의 화주 단백질을 이용하여 western분석을 수행한 결과, 야생종 토마토 유래의 자가불화합성 유전자에 의해 5단백질을 정확하게 발현하는 식물체를 확인, 선발하였다. 선발된 형질전환 식물체의 화분, 화주, 화변, 잎, 줄기 등 5개의 조직을 western분석하여 5 RNase 유전자가 야생종 토마토에서와 유사한 형태로 화주조직에서만 높게 발현되며 형질전환된 재배종 토마토에서도 조직 특이적으로 발현한다는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 결과로 야생종 토마토에서 자가불화합성에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 S RNase를 재배종 토마토에 발현시켰을 때 자가불화합성을 나타내는 재배종 토마토의 표현형은 변화가 없다는 것과 어떠한 형태적인 변화도 없다는 사실을 확인하였다. 그리고 배우자체 자가불화합성 기작에는 화주쪽의 S RNase 이외에 화분쪽의 또 다른 기구가 있다는 것을 추측할 수 있었다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2009

Self-incompatibility (SI) prevents self-fertilization by inhibiting the pollen tube growth of self-pollen. Molecular analysis has revealed that the S locus comprises a number of genes, such as the S-locus glycoprotein (SLG), the S-locus receptor kinase (SRK), and SP11 (SCR). Although molecular markers related to those genes have been developed, a simple S-haplotype detecting method has not been reported due to the highly polymorphic and relatively small coding regions. In this study, the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were used to establish an efficient radish genotyping method. We identified the S-haplotypes of 192 radish accessions using 19 different markers, which proved to be highly reliable. The accessions were assigned to 17 types of S-haplotypes, including 8 types of SRKs and 9 types of SLGs. Since the developed SCAR markers are based on their gene sequences, we could easily identify the S-haplotypes by a single specific band, with the highest frequencies detected for SLG 5, SRK 1, and SLG 1, in order. Among the tested markers, the SLG 1, SRK 1, and SRK 5 markers exhibited high reliability, compared to phenotypic results. Furthermore, we identified the seven types of unreported SLGs using SLG Class -I and -II specific markers. Although the developed SCAR markers still need to be improved for the genotyping of all S-haplotypes, these markers could be helpful for monitoring inbred lines, and for developing the MAS in radish breeding programs.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1998년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.261.1-261
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text