• 국토계획
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2018

Paying an attention to the issue of energy poverty of low-income households and ensuing regressivity of energy consumption, this study empirically analyzes the effects of both household and housing characteristics on heating energy consumption in an integrated way and identifies their causal structure based on the 2016 Korea Housing Survey data provided by the Korean government. Multiple regression analysis shows that household income and deteriorated level of housing, such as age and degree of cracks have positive effects and floor area of housing has a negative effect on the heating energy consumption per unit area of housing (HECPUH). Path analyses further reveal that the direct effect of household income on HECPUH is offset by the indirect effects that are mediated by deteriorated level and floor area of housing, making the total effect statistically insignificant. As a result, there is no significant difference in HECPUH across all income strata, implying that low-income (high-income) households pay more (less) heating costs relative to their income level, since they reside in the houses with relatively low (high) energy efficiency. To deal with this regressive causal structure of energy consumption, a policy option is recommended to improve energy efficiency of low-income housing through the government assistance in its maintenance and repair.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2023

This study employed the Gini coefficient decomposition analysis to classify and examine fishery household income inequality according to income sources. The raw data from the Fisheries Economic Survey by the National Statistical Office were used for the analysis after equalization according to the recommended method of the OECD. In particular, the Gini coefficient was decomposed by classifying with and without public subsidies, and the contribution, correlation, and marginal effect by income source were presented.As a result of the analysis, the inequality of fishing income and non-fishing income of fishermen was worsening, and the inequality of transfer income was continuously easing. Among them, fisheries subsidies have been analyzed to have the greatest contribution to the Gini coefficient of gross income and the highest relative marginal effect, although distribution inequality has been alleviated. On the other hand, other subsidies, including public pensions, were found to have the opposite contribution, correlation, and marginal effect to fisheries subsidies. The results of this analysis showed that even within public subsidies, the contribution to income redistribution might differ depending on the nature of the subsidy. In addition, in the case of other public subsidies, it can be seen that the transition from selective welfare to universal welfare occurs.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

Based on the work of Anand et al. (2013) we measure inclusive income growth, which combines growth in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and growth in the equity of the income distribution. Extending the work of Causa et al. (2014), we estimate a dynamic simultaneous structural equations model of GDP per capita and inclusive income on panel data for 63 countries over the 1990-2013 period. We estimate both equations in error correction form by difference GMM (generalized method of moments). Among the explanatory variables of the level and the distribution of GDP per capita we include R&D (research and development) expenditure per capita. In OECD countries we obtain a large positive effect of R&D on GDP. R&D is found to have a positive effect on the social mobility index but its impact on the income equity index at first decreases, then switches around to become slightly positive in the long run. In non- OECD countries, R&D is found to decrease inclusive income, mostly through a negative growth effect but also because of a slightly increasing income inequity effect.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the wealth effects of home-owning baby-boomers on household consumption on non-durable goods in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. In so doing, this empirical study utilized the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) of 2002 and 2012. The statistical findings reveal that household wealth in the period had sharply risen in household income, asset, debt and consumption, and the substantial increase came from growing income and consumption embedded into an expansionary stage of the family life cycle. Further, housing wealth had a much greater effect on consumption expenditure than did financial asset in 2012 while financial wealth effect was larger than housing wealth effect in 2002. Housing wealth effects had become far stronger as the age of the baby-boomer householders increased. As the baby-boomers are close to the retirement stage, post-retirement income security becomes of concern, so that the wealth effect of real estate income as an income alternative for retirees is explicit. The results imply that retirement of baby-boomers is likely to reduce consumer spending, aggravating slowdown of the real economy. Thus, diversification of household asset portfolio in a pre-retirement period is of great significance in maintaining adequate household consumption in later life.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.240-251
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• 2015

Background: Dentist's income is quite variable. We investigate the factors underlying the distribution of dental revenue and dentist income. Methods: Financial and structural variables of private dental practices(N=13,967) were examined with 2010 Economic Census microdata which include non-insurance revenue. We conducted quantile regression method(QRM) and ordinary least square(OLS) in treating skewness and heteroskedasticity of distributions. The effective estimation for the upper and lower range of distribution becomes possible by QRM. Results: Mid-career dentists are shown to have higher revenue and income. Male dentists achieve the higher revenue and income than female dentists in all quantiles. Group practices show lower income per owner than solo practices significantly. The revenue and income are increased with increasing size of clinics. The high cost in renting the clinic office is found to have a big positive effect on the revenue but a little positive effect on the income. Interestingly the density of dentists shows negative effect on the lowest quantile of the revenue but positive effect on the highest quantile. The lowest quantile of the revenue in the capital areas have the relatively high revenue. The lowest quantile of the income in metropolitan city show higher income than those in other areas significantly. Conclusion: The suggested QRM is shown to have more effective and efficient tool in finding out determinants of dentists' revenue and income of our concern. The results of this study are expected to be employed for dentists preparing for the opening practices in their organizational settings and locational selections. The distributional efficiency of dental human resources could be accomplished if policy makers guide dentists with this knowledge.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.36-57
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• 2010

The degree of income inequality deepened by health care expenditure was useful in assessing the health security level. This exploratory study was conducted to provide a basic evidence to prove the necessity of reinforcement the benefit coverage of South Korea's health security systems. Data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of Korea and Luxembourg Income Study were used. Income inequality indices before and after deduction of health care expenditure were computed, and the degree of the increase in the indices was compared among 13 countries. The degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was determined. The relationships between the national characteristics and the increase in income inequality were examined. In South Korea, all income inequality indices increased after deducting health care expenditure, but the difference was not high compared to the mean of 13 countries. However, the degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was high, compared to the mean of 13 countries. The proportion of public sector spending on health care proved to be statistically significant with the increase of income inequality indices (p<0.05). In the context of the continuous increase in health care expenditure, if benefit coverage of health security systems is not reinforced, income inequality will all the more increase due to health care expenditure. In the establishment of the policies for reinforcement of the benefit coverage, income inequality after deduction of health care expenditure should be continuously monitored.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' conflict and child-rearing and school-aged children's depression in low income family and non-low income family. The subjects were 357 school-aged children who attended elementary school and who were 5th 176(49.3%) and 6th grade 181(50.7%)(boys were 206(57.7%), girls 151(42.3%)). The data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, simple regression, enter regression(using SPSS 12.1). Major findings were as follows: (1) Parents' conflict was significantly associated with children's depression in low income and non-low income family. (2) Parents' conflict was significantly associated with parents' child-rearing in low income and non-low income family. (3) Parents' conflict partially exerted indirect effect on children's depression, controlled by parents' child-rearing in low income and non-low income family. The effect of parents' child-rearing as mediation was higher in low-income family than in non-low income family.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.35-47
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of household characteristics on household expenditures on wedding, funeral, ancestor worship, and 60th birthday anniversary. Data for this study were from the 1996 Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. OLS regression analysis was used to identify the effect of household characteristics on money spent on family ceremony expenditures. The household income, age of head, education of head, and family size were all significant factors for understanding family ceremony expenditures. The results also indicated that additional income from wife's labor force participation was associated with lesser expenditures on family ceremony, while business income, asset income, and transfer income had no effects on this category. The effect of the third quarter of 1996 was significant on family ceremony expenditures, indication that households spent significantly less for this category in the summer than did in the winter, holding other factors constant.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.185-212
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• 2010

본 연구는 현재 우리나라에서 대안적 소득보장제도로 제안되고 있는 기본소득(basic income) 모델들의 소득재분배효과를 비교 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 분석 자료는 한국복지패널 3차년도 자료를 활용하였으며, 소득재분배효과는 빈곤율과 5분위 소득배율 그리고 지니계수로 측정하였다. 분석결과 기본소득 모형은 현행의 소득보장 시스템에 비해 소득재분배효과가 높게 나타났다. 또한 기본소득모델은 절대적 빈곤의 문제를 완전히 해소하였다. 기본소득 모델중에서 빈곤감소효과가 큰 것은 정률과세 기본소득 모델이었으며, 소득불평등 감소효과가 큰 것은 차등과세 기본소득 모델이었다. 기본소득 모델이 현행 시스템보다 소득재분배 효과가 큰 것은 투입되는 자원의 양 때문이기도 하지만, 보편주의적인 프로그램이 소득재분배효과가 가장 크다는 '재분배의 역설론' 을 확인해주는 결과이기도 하다. 마지막으로 빈곤감소효과에서는 정률과세 기본소득 모델이 소득불평감소 효과에서는 차등과세 기본소득 모델의 성과가 양호하다는 본 연구의 결과는 기본소득 논의에서 정책목표를 어떻게 설정하느냐에 따라 모델의 설계가 달라질 필요가 있음을 보여주는 결과라 할 수 있다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.23-39
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• 2019

This study aimed to explore the moderating effect of family strengths on the effect of work-family conflict on happiness in dual-income married couples. This study included 316 married employees who live in Seoul and have children attending junior high or lower grade schools. A survey was conducted December 1-30, 2018 by distributing questionnaires to child care centers, kindergartens, schools, companies, religious institutions, and other locations. The results are follows. First, in this study, the degree of family→work conflict was higher than that of work→family conflict in dual-income married couples, indicating that role conflict at work is greater due to family role pressures. Second, among the socio-demographic characteristics of dual-career couples, monthly income, family→work conflict (an independent variable), and family problem-solving skills (a moderating variable; a subcategory of family strengths) had a significant impact. In the analysis of the effect of work-family conflict on happiness, the higher the monthly income, the lower the family→work conflict, and the higher the family problem solving ability, the higher the feeling of happiness among dual-income married couples. When the work role conflicts from family life roles were more highly perceived in dual-income married couples. Moreover, family→work conflict and an interaction term of family problem-solving ability were identified as variables that had significant effects on happiness. Third, family problem-solving ability was identified as a moderator buffering the effect of work-family conflict on happiness.