• 보건행정학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2022

Unmet healthcare is an important indicator to measure accessibility of healthcare services. To examine the latest status of unmet healthcare needs in South Korea, four different data which is composed of nationally representative sample of South Korean population were used; the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2007-2020), the Community Health Survey (CHS, 2008-2020), the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, 2011-2018), and the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS, 2006-2020). The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were 6.4% (KNHANES), 5.4% (CHS), and 12.2% (KHP). Annual percentage change (APC) which identifies trend for the follow-up period was -9.9%, -9.1%, and -5.5%, respectively. The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs due to cost were 1.0% (KNHANES), 0.4% (CHS), 2.2% (KHP), and 0.4% (KOWEPS). The APC was -11.3%, -17.0%, -12.2%, and -21.2%, respectively. Overall, the low-income and the elderly population reported a higher rate of unmet health care needs. Although the overall experience rate of unmet medical care due to cost decreased over the past decade, the disparity between the lowest and highest income groups still remained in 2020. Disparity between income levels and age groups is a challenge to address in healthcare system, and these results suggest the need for adequate health coverage for the low-income and the elderly populations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.103-121
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the entire world population in many ways. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of changes in eating, food purchasing and preparation, physical activity, and subjective health after COVID-19 outbreak by various sociodemographic factors and to understand the factors associated with changes in subjective health. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a representative sample from Seoul was used for the analysis. The data collection was conducted from September to October 2020. A total of 3,833 citizens aged more than 18 years old participated in the Seoul Food Survey. Descriptive statistics and generalized ordinal logistic regression models were used to understand the changes in health behaviors, health indicators, and subjective general health by various socioeconomic status. RESULTS: It was shown that the changes in household income, food expenditure, food consumption and physical activities differed significantly by age, education, occupation, income, weight, and food security status. Low-income and food-insecure households were affected more severely by the pandemic. Older age, household food insecurity, income reduction, increased home cooking and frequency of having instant foods, decreased physical activity and weight gain were significant factors explaining worse perceived health during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that focusing on older populations and low-income families with food insecurity should be prioritized during infectious disease outbreaks. In addition, the role of physical activities and instant food consumption in explaining perceived health should be investigated further in this prolonged battle with the pandemic situation.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.903-915
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• 2004

Now in Korea, many factors-for example, unemployment rate rise, consumer prices, corporate restructuring, etc.-are threatening family economy. Thus many households are faced with an economic crisis. In this circumstances, it is the role of households as a subsystem of family system to keep family and household economy stable for the sake of family growth and development. Economic well-being is differentiated by criterion of household economic status. But it has a large scale of spectrum: household income, asset, consumption, debt and the like. Moreover, these indices have been understood and measured differently by many researchers. In this thesis, we made efforts to distinguish subjective satisfaction from objective satisfaction, and then focus on the former. The data were collected from 399 housewives living in Pusan through questionnaires.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2018

This study examined the insolvency of debtors using multiple-indicator approaches and compared the outcomes across income levels with the 2016 'Household Financial and Welfare Survey'. This study used (1) the total debt to total assets ratio (DTA), (2) the total debt service ratio (DSR), and (3) the Household Default Risk Index (HDRI) recently developed by the Bank of Korea. Households in the lowest income quintile were more likely to be insolvent than any other income group. Demographics, such as age and gender of the household head, and most of the financial variables significantly increased the likelihood of insolvency based on the DTA. The number of household members and job status increased the likelihood of insolvency based on the DSR. Also, age, gender of the household head, and most of the financial variables increased the likelihood of household insolvency based on the HDRI after controlling for other demographics and financial variables.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 1987

In this paper strategic planning is applied for effective management to improve hospital income. Though community hospital has been set up for improving the health status of community, it must be trying to increase income for continuing with referral hospital in the community. The most useful tool of management to do this purpose is thought of strategic planning. Therefore this paper developed strategic planning a typical community hospital, which for it presenting the strategic planning process and developing the simulation model for evaluation of strategic alternatives. In the result it is represented that admission rate is the most sensitive to hospital operating income among the important variables in the model. And simulation by changing the parameter could estimate the yearly hospital income in the response of alternatives. This strategic planning simulation model has had constraints as number of date but also significance such as evaluating the alternatives by quantitative model and at first applying the hospital in our country.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of demographics on body-cathexis and clothing expenditure of elderly men and women. Data were obtained from 50 men and 58 men and 58 women aged 55 years and older through an mail survey. Body-cathexis consisted of five areas of body parts: head/upper body, lower body, height, weight, and torso. Clothing expenditure was measured by the total dollar value of annual personal expenditures on personal apparel, including accessories, such as shoes, and clothing services. Demographics included income, age, education, sex, marital status, and social participation. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed that there were relationships between body-cathexis and four demographic variables(income, sex, education, and social participation). Elderly men were more satisfied with their bodies than were elderly women. The subjects with higher income, education, and social participation had a higher degree of body satisfaction. Also, there was a significant relationship between income and clothing expenditure.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

The production of bio-energy crops is a major research project in the emphasizing the "low carbon green growth" strategy. For this, the possibility of the introduction of the new energy crops improve the agricultural income from fanning must be diagnosed. This study describes the level of agricultural income per unit area by cropping system based on the income of crops in the field. Especially, we have chosen the southern part attracting the attention in the possible area of the bio-energy crop production. This study consists of five chapters. Chapter I is the introduction. Chapter II is on the status of the southern part cropping system and the analysis of the economic value. Chapter III is on the economic value analysis introducing new bio-energy crops. Chapter IV is on the comparative analysis for the economic value of the croping system introducing new bio-energy crops. Chapter V is the conclusion.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2018

This paper aims to identify the most effective mode of development finance flows for the economic growth of middle-income developing and least developed countries, separately. It also attempts to confirm whether governance has any significant role in the causal relationship between development finance flows and economic growth. Policymakers in each developing country should select the most effective modality of development finance inflows among the different modalities (such as Official Development Assistance (ODA) grants, Official Development Assistance (ODA) loans, FDI, and international personal remittances) and expand it for their economic growth. Dynamic panel regression models were used on 48 least developed countries and 89 middle-income developing countries, respectively, during the Millennium Development Era: 2000-2015. The empirical analysis results show that ODA grants and remittances were most effective in promoting economic growth for least developed countries, while FDI was most effective for middle-income developing countries. These findings were not affected by the status of governance of the individual country.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

This study was to compare the financial status between elderly households - retired vs employed. The sample obtained from 1994 KHPS, and consisted of 628 Korean aged households who are currently married. Statistics employed to analyze the data are mean, frequency, percentile, t-test, and relative-ratio. The results of this study were as follows ; In income sources, earned income was majority of employed households, but the percent of unearned income was greater than retired households. While the percent of cloth, education, recreation expenditures were high in employed, and medical, housing expenditures wee high percentage in retired. The percentage of real asset(housing) was majority of total asset in two groups. And the percentage of safe liquid asset of retired households was relatively higher than employed households.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2018

This article addresses three key issues. First, the commonalities, differences, strengths, and limitations of existing occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation of low- and middle-income countries were determined. Second, required revisions were identified and discussed to strengthen the laws in accordance with the best international practice. Finally, proposals for additional OSH laws and interventions were suggested. A literature search of OSH laws of 10 selected low- and middle-income countries was carried out. The laws were subjected to uniform review criteria. Although the agricultural sector employs more than 70% of the population, most of the reviewed countries lack OSH legislation on the sector. Existing OSH laws are gender insensitive, fragmented among various government departments, insufficient, outdated, and nondeterrent to perpetrators and lack incentives for compliance. Conclusively, the legal frameworks require reformation and harmonization for the collective benefit to employees, employers, and regulatory authorities. New OSH legislation for the agricultural sector is required.