• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 1984

The effect of tetragonal $ZrO_2$ phase on the mechanical behavior in 7 mole% calcia partially stabilized zirconia has been studied. The $ZrO_2$ powder containg 7 mole% CaO prepared by Hot Petroleum Drying Method calcined at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour was nearly 100% tetragonal but as the calcining temperature increased certain amount of monoclinic phase appeared. The sintered specimen at 1$700^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours was aged at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 0, 24, 48, 72 hours. X-ray diffraction data showed that in the aged specimen monoclinic tetragonal and cubic phase coexisted. The Kc value of aged specimen for 48 hr was about 4.5MN/m3/2 much greater than unaged sample. But aged for 72 hr the KiC value was decreased. The increasing of toughness in PSZ is based on the Stress-Induced Phase Transformation that is metastable tetra-gonal $ZrO_2$ changes t stable monoclinic phase within the stress field of crack and the mechanical fracture energy absorption is occured But in this case due to certain amount of tetragonal phase transformed to monoclinic phase during cooling the microcrack effect by transformation also considered. Trerefore both Stress-Induced Phase Transformation and inclusion induced microcracking effect contrbute to the increase of fracture toughness of 7 mole% CaO-$ZrO_2$ containing monoclinic and tetragnola phase simulataneously.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.575-587
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research on adherence for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Korea, and to identify the strategies for improvement that should be included in future studies. Methods: Electric literature searches were conducted for Pubmed, CINAHL, RISS4U, KISTI, DBpia, KoreaMed, National Assembly Library, and National Library of Korea. A total of forty two articles published between 1986 and 2009 were selected based on established inclusion criteria. Results: Forty research papers were related to nursing, and there was only one research paper focused 011 elderly people with CAD. There were no papers using concept analysis, qualitative study. or randomized controlled clinical trial. Almost all definitions of adherence were adopted from outdated compliance definitions with the attribute of 'paternalistic obligation', Measurement tools were not based on theoretical framework of adherence but borrowed from tools for measuring self-care, health behavior, or self-efficacy. Overall patient's adherence was analyzed in most studies, except for a few studies which focused on diet and exercise only. Educational strategy was the main strategy used in intervention studies. Conclusions: The concept of adherence and measurement tools need to be clarified, along with development of the specific adherence interventions according to the type of adherence in patients with CAD.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2015

Barriers to health seeking constitute a challenging issue in the treatment of breast cancer. The current meta-synthesis aimed to explore common barriers to health seeking among Malaysian breast cancer patients. From the systematic search, nine studies were found meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction revealed that health behavior towards breast cancer among Malaysia women was influenced by knowledge, psychological, sociocultural and medical system factors. In terms of knowledge, most of the Malaysian patients were observed to have cursory information and the reliance on the information provided by media was limiting. Among psychological factors, stress and sense of denial were some of the common factors leading to delay in treatment seeking. Family member's advice, cultural beliefs towards traditional care were some of the common sociocultural factors hindering immediate access to advanced medical diagnosis and care. Lastly, the delay in referral was one of the most common health system-related problems highlighted in most of the studies. In conclusion, there is an immediate need to improve the knowledge and understanding of Malaysian women towards breast cancer. Mass media should liaise with the cancer specialists to disseminate accurate and up-to-date information for the readers and audience, helping in modification of cultural beliefs that hinder timing health seeking. However, such intervention will not improve or rectify the health system related barriers to treatment seeking. Therefore, there is an immediate need for resource adjustment and training programs among health professional to improve their competency and professionalism required to develop an efficient health system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2141-2144
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• 2014

Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death. It has a poor prognosis with only 5-10% of hereditary etiology. If it is diagnosed, it could be helpful for screening the other susceptible members of a family for preventive procedures. Usually it is identified by symptoms such as presence of cancer in different members of family, some special type of pathology such as diffused adenocarcinoma, having younger age and multiple cancer syndromes. Hence, designing a registry program can be a more practical way to screen high risk families for a preventive program. Materials and Methods: Based on the inclusion criteria, a questionnaire was prepared. After pilot on a small number of patients, the actual data was collected from 197 patients and processed in SPSS 16.0. Results: Totally, 11.8% of the patients were younger than 45 years old. Blood type 'A' was dominant and males had a higher risk behavior with higher consumption of unhealthy food. Adenocarcinoma was reported in majority of cases. 21.8% of the patients had the including criteria for familial gastric cancer (FGC). Conclusions: The high percentage of FGC population compared to the other studies have revealed a need to design an infrastructural diagnostic protocol and screening program for patients with FGC, plus preventive program for family members at risk which could be done by a precise survey related to frequency and founder mutations of FGC in a national registry program.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.745-757
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• 2018

The inclusion of a ductile steel bracing as means of repairing an earthquake-damaged bridge bent is evaluated and experimentally assessed for the purposes of restoring the damaged bent's strength and stiffness and further improving the energy dissipation capacity. The study is focused on substandard reinforced concrete multi-column bridge bents constructed in the 1950 to mid-1970 in the United States. These types of bents have numerous deficiencies making them susceptible to seismic damage. Large-scale experiments were used on a two-column reinforced concrete bent to impose considerable damage of the bent through increasing amplitude cyclic deformations. The damaged bent was then repaired by installing a ductile fuse steel brace in the form of a buckling-restrained brace in a diagonal configuration between the columns and using post-tensioned rods to strengthen the cap beam. The brace was secured to the bent using steel gusset plate brackets and post-installed adhesive anchors. The repaired bent was then subjected to increasing amplitude cyclic deformations to reassess the bent performance. A subassemblage test of a nominally identical steel brace was also conducted in an effort to quantify and isolate the ductile fuse behavior. The experimental data from these large-scale experiments were analyzed in terms of the hysteretic response, observed damage, internal member loads, as well as the overall stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics. The results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing ductile steel bracing for restoring the bent and preventing further damage to the columns and cap beams while also improving the stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5171-5176
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• 2012

We here performed a systematic review of PBIC literature using terms analysis in a hope of both identifying potential trends and patterns and exploring methods leveraging traditional literature reviews in this specific area. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were retrieved from PUBMED and translated into dichotomized article records representing presence or non-presence of MeSH terms and a metric consisting of numbers of times of co-occurrence between all pairs of terms identified using a self-designed program. The occurrence of and relations among the terms were calculated and visualized using Excel2007 and UCINET respectively. A total of 1,742 terms were identified from 997 articles retrieved. Put in a descending order, the lines representing the times of term occurrence formed a typical hyperbolic curve; when plotted along the x-axis of whole MESH terms, the lines clustered within four specific regions. Comparison of term occurrence between 2002 and 2011 revealed priority changes in population and subjects (from general groups to priority groups), intervention approaches (from medicine to exercise and psychotherapy), methodology and techniques (from cohort studies to randomized controlled trials) and outcomes (from health and mental health to quality of life, depression etc.). Networks of the terms featured a number of closely linked groups of topics including method and questionnaires, therapy and outcomes, survival management, psychological assessment and intervention, behavioral intervention (individual and community oriented). Terms analysis revealed interesting trends and patterns about PBIC publications and both the analysis methods and findings have implications for future research and literature reviews.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2020

Mobile Money is a key factor of financial inclusion that can revolutionize the financial service delivery and hence enhance access to finance in emerging economies, especially the East African countries. This study therefore aims to study the determinants of individual's behavioral intention and usage of Mobile Money services in Ethiopia by usiing the UTAUT2 model. The research model was tested by sampling 200 respondents from different areas of Ethiopia. The analysis results found that Government Support, Facilitating Conditions, Performance Expectancy, Trust and Effort Expectancy are the key factors that affect the usage of Mobile Money service, while Lower Transaction Cost factors and Social Influence were not statistically significant. The findings provide useful information that only government's active efforts and support to promote mobile money services, through appropriate policies and regulations rather than lower transaction cost, can facilitate the adoption and dissemination of such services in Ethiopia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2007

Objectives: To determine the impact of cigarette prices on the decision to initiate and quit smoking by taking into account the interdependence of smoking and other behavioral risk factors. Methods: The study population consisted of 3,000 male Koreans aged ${\ge}20$. A survey by telephone interview was undertaken to collect information on cigarette price, smoking and other behavioral risk factors. A two-part model was used to examine separately the effect of price on the decision to be a smoker, and on the amount of cigarettes smoked. Results: The overall price elasticity of cigarettes was estimated at -0.66, with a price elasticity of -0.02 for smoking participation and -0.64 for the amount of cigarettes consumed by smokers. The inclusion of other behavioral risk factors reduced the estimated price elasticity for smoking participation substantially, but had no effect on the conditional price elasticity for the quantity of cigarettes smoked. Conclusions: From the public health and financial perspectives, an increase in cigarette price would significantly reduce smoking prevalence as well as cigarette consumption by smokers in Korea.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2018

Currently, layered geogrid method (LGM) is the commonly practiced technique for reinforcement of slopes. In this paper the geogrid-box method (GBM) is introduced as a new approach for reinforcement of rock-soil slopes. To achieve the objectives of this study, a laboratory setup was designed and the slopes without reinforcements and reinforced with LGM and GBM were tested under the loading of a circular footing. The effect of vertical spacing between geogrid layers and box thickness on normalized bearing capacity and failure mechanism of slopes was investigated. A series of 3D finite element analysis were also performed using ABAQUS software to supplement the results of the model tests. The results indicated that the load-settlement behavior and the ultimate bearing capacity of footing can be significantly improved by the inclusion of reinforcing geogrid in the soil. It was found that for the slopes reinforced with GBM, the displacement contours are widely distributed in the rock-soil mass underneath the footing in greater width and depth than that in the reinforced slope with LGM, which in turn results in higher bearing capacity. It was also established that by reducing the thickness of geogrid-boxes, the distribution and depth of displacement contours increases and a longer failure surface is developed, which suggests the enhanced bearing capacity of the slope. Based on the studied designs, the ultimate bearing capacity of the GBM-reinforced slope was found to be 11.16% higher than that of the slope reinforced with LGM. The results also indicated that, reinforcement of rock-soil slopes using GBM causes an improvement in the ultimate bearing capacity as high as 24.8 times more than that of the unreinforced slope.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.369-380
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• 2017

The effects of the vertical component of a ground motion on the earthquake performances of semi-ductile high-rise R/C structures were investigated in the present study. Linear and non-linear time-history analyses were conducted on an existing in-service R/C building for the loading scenarios including and excluding the vertical component of the ground motion. The ratio of the vertical peak acceleration to the horizontal peak acceleration (V/H) of the ground motion was adopted as the main parameter of the study. Three different near-source earthquake records with varying V/H ratio were used in the analyses. The linear time-history analyses indicated that the incorporation of the vertical component of a ground motion into analyses greatly influences the vertical deflections of a structure and the overturning moments at its base. The lateral deflections, the angles of rotation and the base shear forces were influenced to a lesser extent. Considering the key indicators of vertical deflection and overturning moments determined from the linear time-history analysis, the non-linear analyses revealed that the changes in the forces and deformations of the structure with the inclusion of the vertical ground motion are resisted by the shear-walls. The performances and damage states of the beams were not affected by the vertical ground motion. The vertical ground motion component of earthquakes is markedly concluded to be considered for design and damage estimation of the vertical load-bearing elements of the shear-walls and columns.