• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.778-789
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOx) supplementation on the reproductive performance, litter performance, total tract digestibility, and blood profile of lactating sows fed corn- wheat-based diet. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were allocated into one of four treatments with five replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (Basal diet), GO1 (basal diet + 200 U GOx/kg), GO2 (basal diet + 300 U GOx/kg), GO3 (basal diet + 400 U Gox/kg). Dietary GOx supplementation did not affect lactating sow's reproduction performance as well as body weight, backfat thickness, and body condition score during pre and post farrowing, and at weaning (p > 0.05). However, after farrowing to weaning period lactating sow's fed GOx supplement has linearly (p = 0.0196) decreased the bodyweight loss. While, there were no effects (p > 0.05) observed on sows backfat thickness loss, average daily feed intake, and estrus interval among treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of GOx has linearly improved the body weight gain (p = 0.049) and average daily gain (p = 0.040) of suckling piglets. The total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly increased with the graded level of GOx supplement. Also, a linear effect was observed on the glucose and superoxide dismutase of blood profile with the dietary inclusion of GOx. In summary, our finding indicates that the dietary inclusion of GOx supplement with corn- wheat-based diet had a beneficial effect on the nutrient digestibility and blood profile of lactating sows and improved the growth performance of suckling piglets.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.69-87
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• 2024

Objectives : This study is to investigate the current National Health Insurance Database cohort studies related to complications of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and suggest the design of Korean medical epidemiological studies of PD. Methods : Nationwide longitudinal studies of PD patients in South Korea were collected through Pubmed and the Korea Citation Index (KCI). We selected cohort studies that used the National Health Insurance Database in Korea and targeted Parkinson's disease patients. Studies published before February 2024 were categorized according to study designs. We examined variables and covariates, enroll dates and matching methods. Results : Of a total of 536 studies, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies used the National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database and among them, 5 used sample data and one senior database. Studies can be classified into two types. 11 cohort studies were comparing PD patients and non-PD patients. Another type was 4 PD patients cohort studies. Most studies used two diagnostic codes (G20 and V124) for inclusion criteria. Enroll periods were from 2002 to 2017, and follow-up periods were from 7 to 14 years. 16 studies considered age and sex as covariates. 15 studies used the propensity score matching method to increase the level of causality. There was only one study related to the Korean medical treatment. Conclusion : In future cohort studies on Korean medical treatment, more attempts should be made to reveal the effect of the treatments on PD patients by defining inclusion criteria for patient groups, covariates, exposure variables, and assessment indicators more operatively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1600-1607
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• 2014

A total of 120 finishing pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of $49.72{\pm}1.72kg$ were used in 12-wk trial to evaluate the effects of protected organic acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal micro flora, meat quality and fecal gas emission. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (10 replication pens with 4 pigs per pen) in a randomly complete block design based on their initial BW. Each dietary treatment consisted of: Control (CON/basal diet), OA1 (basal diet+0.1% organic acids) and OA2 (basal diet+0.2% organic acids). Dietary treatment with protected organic acid blends linearly improved (p<0.001) average daily gain during 0 to 6 week, 6 to 12 week as well as overall with the increase in their inclusion level in the diet. The dry matter, N, and energy digestibility was higher (linear effect, p<0.001) with the increase in the dose of protected organic acid blends during 12 week. During week 6, a decrease (linear effect, p = 0.01) in fecal ammonia contents was observed with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends on d 3 and d 5 of fermentation. Moreover, acetic acid emission decreased linearly (p = 0.02) on d7 of fermentation with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends. During 12 weeks, linear decrease (p<0.001) in fecal ammonia on d 3 and d 5 and acetic acid content on d 5 of fermentation was observed with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends. Supplementation of protected organic acid blends linearly increased the longissimus muscle area with the increasing concentration of organic acids. Moreover, color of meat increased (linear effect, quadratic effect, p<0.001, p<0.002 respectively) and firmness of meat showed quadratic effect (p = 0.003) with the inclusion of increasing level of protected organic acid in the diet. During the 6 week, increment in the level of protected organic acid blends decreased (linear effect, p = 0.01) Escherichia coli (E. coli) counts and increased (linear effect, p = 0.004) Lactobacillus counts. During 12-wk of experimental trial, feces from pigs fed diet supplemented with organic acid blends showed linear reduction (p<0.001) of E. coli counts and the tendency of linear increase (p = 0.06) in Lactobacillus count with the increase in the level of organic acid blends. In conclusion, 0.2% protected organic acids blends positively affected growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs without any adverse effects on blood parameters.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제32권11_12호
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• pp.541-556
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• 2005

컴퓨터 시스템에서의 메모리 접근 지연은 전체 시스템 성능에 큰 장애 요인 중 하나이다. 특히 분산 메모리 구조에서 지역 메모리와 원격 메모리의 접근 지연 시간은 큰 차이를 나타낸다. 원격 메모리 접근 지연으로 인한 성능 저하를 줄이고자 원격 메모리 영역만을 캐싱하는 원격 캐쉬가 제안되었으며, 원격 캐쉬는 프로세서 캐쉬와 더불어 다단계 캐쉬 형태로 구성된다. 일반적으로 상위 계층 캐쉬의 모든 내용을 하위 계층 캐쉬가 반드시 포함하는 다단계 캐쉬 내포성(MLI)을 지키는 다중 계층 메모리 구조에서 LRU 교체 정책을 사용할 경우, 하위 계층 캐쉬의 LRU 알고리즘에 따른 라인 교체로 인하여 상위 계층 캐쉬의 라인 교체가 일어날 패, 상위 계층 캐쉬로 요구된 라인 교체가 상위 계층 캐쉬 자체의 LRU 정보와 일치하지 않는 경우가 발생하며, 이로 인해 상위 캐쉬의 적중률이 저하되어 전체 시스템 성능이 저하된다. 본 논문은 원격 캐쉬를 추가시킨 분산 공유 메모리 구조 다중 프로세서 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해 LRU 캐쉬 교체 정책의 단점을 보완한 새로운 원격 캐쉬 교체 정책을 제안한다. 논문에서 제안하는 교체 정책은 LRU 정보에 부가하여 프로세서의 시간적 접근 지역성을 이용하여 교체할 캐쉰 라인을 선택하게 함으로써, 프로세서에서 자주 사용되는 원격 캐쉬 라인의 교체가 일어나지 않도록 하여 시스템의 성능 향상을 꾀한다. 시뮬레이션을 통한 성능비교 결과, 본 논문에서 제시한 원격 캐쉬 교체 정책은 기존의 LRU 교체 정책과 비교하여 평균 $3\%$, 최대 $10\%$의 무효화 및 캐쉬 접근 실패를 감소시켰고, 이 결과 전체 시스템의 성능은 평균 $2.5\%$, 최대 $3.5\%$ 향상되었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors on quality of satisfaction towards denture treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred subjects (filling inclusion criteria) who were wearing a denture for at least two months were enrolled and divided into five groups on the basis of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, literacy level, socio-economic and marital status). Questionnaires consisting of 38 questions (positive and negative attitude towards denture satisfaction) related to patients' perception of clinical outcome in different domains such as mastication, appearance, speech, comfort, health, denture care and social status were scored by the subjects. Questions reflecting positive attitude were scored as 2, 1, or 0 (yes, uncertain and no, respectively) and reversely for the negative questions. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (${\alpha}$= .05). RESULTS. Level of denture satisfaction was higher in age subgroup belonging to 45 - 65 years of age in relation to comfort, health and denture care. Female and male showed significant priority for denture treatment because of esthetic and function respectively. Level of satisfaction was statistically significant with literacy level. Upper high income group showed significantly higher level of satisfaction only in case of social status. Married group showed significantly higher satisfaction level only with comfort. CONCLUSION. Patients' sociodemographic variables were influential factors on denture satisfaction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.272-276
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• 1998

Sheep and goats in Pakistan have not been able to produce to the best of their potential. This may primarily be attributed to under feeding and malnutrition. Ranges have been depleted due to overgrazing and mismanagement and are not in position to feed the existing small ruminant population. To overcome the shortage of good quality fodder and balanced feed supply, the alternate means like cereal straws and other crop residues are being commonly used. Sunflower crop residues like stalks and heads provide a good quality forage for livestock. These crop byproducts are rich in crude protein and lower in crude fibre. Their inclusion in the diet of small ruminants at 20, 30 and 40 percent levels in ration has shown significantly (p < 0.05) increased feed intake and weight gain. Daily feed intake was 1,130, 1,180 and 1,750 g for sunflower crop residue, soybean crop residue and wheat straw, respectively, when added at the rate of 20 percent in the ration. The drymatter digestibility of sunflower, soybean crop residues and wheat straw was also comparable. The maximum performance of the animals was observed at the 20 percent level of inclusion of sunflower crop residue in the diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.720-728
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• 2000

The different products of neem (Azadirachta indica) are utilized for variety of purposes in industry, health and animal agriculture in the Indian subcontinent. The cake from seeds after oil extraction is a good source of nutrients (CP: 35-38%; EE: 4.5-5.5%; CF: 12-15%; Ca: 0.75%; P: 0.45% on DM), and in particular, the one out of its kernel is proteinaceous and is relatively balanced in its amino acid and mineral profile. But the cake is toxic and bitter to taste owing to triterpenoids (nimbin, salannin, azadirachtin), which restricts its safe inclusion in livestock diet. Several feeding trials with raw cake have revealed poor palatability and adverse performance among different categories of livestock and poultry. Internal organ changes included histological alteration in intestine, liver, kidney and distruption of spermatogenesis and ovarian activity. Ruminants appears to tolerate reasonably higher levels of the cake and to a limited low levels of dietary inclusion also proved to be tolerable in monogastric farm animals. Debitterization through solvent (hexane, ether) extraction, water washing, alkali (NaOH, 1.5, 2.5 or 3%, wt/wt) soaking and urea (1.5 or 3%, wt/wt) - ammoniation have been tried with appreciable success in improving the palatability and nutritive value of the cake. For enhanced utilization, decortication of neem seeds is to be done effectively at industrial level with maximum oil recovery. The resultant proteinaceous kernel by-product could be a cheaper unconventional protein supplement after suitable processing.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.423-436
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• 2014

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is widely used as an effective partial cement replacement material. GGBFS inclusion has already been proven to improve several performance characteristics of concrete. GGBFS provides enhanced durability, including high resistance to chloride penetration and protection against alkali silica reaction. In this paper results of an experimental research work on influence of low-reactivity GGBFS (which is largely available in Iran) on the properties of mortars and concretes are reported. In the first stage, influence of GGBFS replacement level and fineness on the compressive strength of mortars was investigated using Taguchi method. The analysis of mean (ANOM) statistical approach was also adopted to develop the optimal conditions. Next, based on the obtained results, concrete mixtures were designed and water penetration, capillary absorption, surface resistivity, and compressive strength tests were carried out on highstrength concrete specimens at different ages up to 90 days. The results indicated that 7-day compressive strength is adversely affected by GGBFS inclusion, while the negative effect is less evident at later ages. Also, it was inferred that use of low-reactivity GGBFS (at moderate levels such as 20% and 30%) can enhance the impermeability of high-strength concrete since 28 days age.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.637-643
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• 2021

The study examines the influence of the five pillars of inclusive financing on the empowerment of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and the influence of institutional conditions on the empowerment of MSMEs. This study uses primary and secondary data. The population of the study are MSMEs; the is a total of 930,620 MSMEs in Jakarta. Owners of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises is a good population to be measured because they are the main actors that know exactly the challenges and the obstacles in doing business addressing problems faced in inclusive financing, which is related to the purpose of the study. The research borrows from finance and entrepreneurial theories for model design. The results of the study show that all the variables are significant and positive in the efforts to finance MSMEs in Indonesia, which means that financial education plays an important role in the sustainability of financial inclusion. The financial theory, developed to explain financing at the company level, needs to be adapted to the entrepreneurial situation, so that it can explain the behavior of small businesses. This means that, with correct financial knowledge, financial inclusion plays an important role in the sustainability of MSMEs in Indonesia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2001

This study investigated the effects of fermented product from Bacillus subtilis (FPBS) on feed conversion efficiency, fat accumulation and ammonia production in broiler chicks. Sixty female broilers (strain Chunky, 7-day old) were divided into four groups and raised in individual cages. One group was fed a commercial diet without supplementation of FPBS as the control and the other three groups were fed commercial diets containing FPBS, either 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0%, for 21 days from 7 to 28 days of age. Water and feed were given ad libitum. Feed conversion efficiency was significantly improved in chicks supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0% of FPBS as compared with the control (p<0.05). The activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, and contents of triglyceride and cholesterol in the liver were significantly decreased in treatment groups (p<0.05) as compared with the control group. FPBS had no effect on the concentration of plasma triglyceride, phospholipids and cholesterol. Feeding FPBS at 1 % or 2% levels reduced ammonia gas release (p<0.05). The inclusion of FPBS at 1 % level may be recommended both to improve production efficiency and to reduce air pollution caused by ammonia gas release. For production efficiency to reach maximal profit, the inclusion of FPBS at 0.5% level can be recommended. Feeding FPBS reduced fat accumulation in the liver.