• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 1995

To increase the solubility of iodine and iodine releasing agents, which are used widely as a topical broad spectrum antiseptics and disinfectant sanitizers, its inclusion complexes were prepared and studied. Inclusion complexes of iodine with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were prepared by coprecipitation method and complex formation was acertained by differential scanning calorimetry and microscopic observation. Iodine content of inclusion complex was determined by means of iodometry. Tablets containing inclusion complex were manufactured with sugar, citric acid, magnesium stearate, dextrose. Stability of inclusion complexes and tablets was evaluated by accelerated stability test, and comparing with PVP-iodine. During preparation, use of 50% ethanol solution is preferable to water as the medium because the former resulted in more stable complex for a month under accelerated storage conditions. Solubility of iodine in KI aqueous solution was 0.048 g/ml and lower than in 50% ethanol solution. Inclusion complex and its tablets were very stable at severe condition for one month, and comparable to PVP-iodine in the aspect of stability. Inclusion complex tabletswere not affected with citric acid, sugar, dextrose, and direct tableting method was recommendable because wet granulation using ethanol gave some release of included iodine during process.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2012

청각장애아동들을 일반 학교에 포함시켜 교육하는 완전통합은 구미에서는 이미 일반화된 추세이다. 완전통합의 목표는 장애학생들을 정상학생집단 속에 포함시킴으로써 사회적 통합과 학업적 통합을 모색하는 데에 있다. 학업적 통합의 핵심 요소는 교실내에서의 수업참여도와 학업성취도이다. 본 연구에서는 청각장애아동 대상의 통합교육의 기대효과 및 교사입장과 학생에서의 어려움을 살펴보고 청각장애아동에 대한 지원서비스, 일반교사의 청각장애아동에 대한 긍정적 태도 형성, 일반교사의 청각장애아동을 위한 진로지도 서비스, 효과적인 교사 협력 체계의 구축 등에 관한 이슈를 요약한 뒤, 통합지원전략으로서의 지식커뮤니티 구축에 관한 논의를 시도해 보고자 한다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2008

This study was to develop the indicators for understanding social inclusion exclusion of the dwellers living in permanent rental apartment, and to present a important base about priority order of national housing policy for social inclusion. The ultimate purpose of this study was to provide basic information for the development of permanent rental apartment renewal techniques. The first phase of the study was to review of the social inclusion exclusion indicators mentioned in the literature. The indicators of EU (2001, 2006), KIHASA (2005), and Jehoel-Gijsbers & Brooman (2007), which were applied in many studies about social inclusion, or included various items about dwellers' subjective attitudes, were selected to construct the framework for the study. On the basis of 3 kinds of indicators at the above, the dimensions of social inclusion exclusion were categorized as material deprivation and access to social rights in an economicstructural exclusion view, and social participation and cultural normative accommodations in a socio-cultural exclusion view. And then, the domains of social inclusion exclusion were decided as follows: income, employment, education service, housing, health, family networks and social networks. The detail contents of indicators were adopted from the prior studies as many as possible, and the dwellers' subjective attitudes and housing domains were intensified with reference to UN housing rights and the study of "residents' satisfaction of housing facilities living in permanent rental housing". The developed indicators were modified through the advisory committee that consist of the specialists from the various fields of studies. The final indicators that were overlapped or not able to be measured were eliminated, and added, in a housing domain, the standards of convenient facilities, the management condition, safety, location, crime and etc. in the apartment complex, which were required to complement in the advisory committee.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.504-508
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 게스트 분자(guest molecule)의 특성이 고분자/베타-사이클로덱스트린(beta-cyclodextrin) 포접화합물(inclusion compound)로 이루어진 고분자 필름의 구조 및 물성에 미치는 영향에 대해서 고찰하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 사용된 게스트 분자는 미백 효과를 지니는 것으로 알려진 3가지로 하이드로퀴논(hydroquinone, HQ), 알부틴(arbutin, AB), 그리고 트랜액사믹 애시드(tranexamic acid, TA)이다. 먼저, 베타-사이클로덱스트린과 게스트 분자 간의 포접화합물의 성공적인 형성과 이를 포함하는 고분자 필름의 제조여부를 라만(Raman) 분광학으로 확인하였다. 포접화합물을 포함하는 고분자 필름의 구조 및 물성은 엑스선 회절법(X-ray diffraction)과 주사열용량법 및 열중량추적법 같은 열분석법으로 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 트랜액사믹 애시드의 영향이 다른 분자의 영향과 비교하여 상당히 상이하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 경향은 간단한 분자 시뮬레이션 기법으로 재검증하였다. 본 연구는 포접화합물을 형성하는 게스트 분자들의 상이한 영향에 대한 체계적인 접근을 통한 실험적 검증의 사례로 향후 관련 연구에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.668-677
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• 2024

Objective: The current experiment was performed to investigate the influence of different dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, immune response, caecal microbiota, and carcass characteristics of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) during 7 to 63 d of age. Methods: A total of 240 unsexed 7-d-old ducklings were distributed into five (treatment) groups; each one contained six replicates with eight ducklings each. Birds of the first group were fed basal diet without MOLM and served as control, while the other four groups were fed basal diet with 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%, and 2.0% MOLM inclusion level, respectively. Results: The obtained results revealed that including MOLM in the diets significantly improved body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency compared with the control group. Among the different MOLM inclusion treatments, increasing MOLM inclusion level decreased (p<0.05) such previous parameters. Decreasing MOLM inclusion levels in duckling diets increased (p>0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and nitrogen free extract, however all MOLM treatments were significantly higher than the control group. Results also revealed that feeding ducks lower MOLM inclusion levels (0.25% or 0.50%) improved blood parameters (p<0.05) compared with the higher inclusion levels (1.0% or 2.0% MOLM) and the control group. Ducks fed different MOLM levels had significantly higher phagocyte index and activity, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity compared with control group. Conclusion: Despite the beneficial effects of all MOLM treatments on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, physiological status, and immune response of duckling, the increasing MOLM inclusion level in the diet had deleterious effects on such studied traits, consequently 0.25% was the best MOLM inclusion level in duckling diets.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 1992

To improve the solubility and dissolution rate of trimethoprim (TMP), which is slightly soluble drug, its inclusion complexes were prepared and studied in this experiment. Inclusion complexes of TMP with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ polymer (CDPS) were prepared according to Fenyvesi method. These were compared with TMP and its physical mixture with CDPS. Water, diluted hydrochloric acid and phosphate buffer solution were used as dissolution media. And accelerated stability test was studied at $50,\;70\;and \;80^{\circ}C$. It was found that solubility and dissolution rate of inclusion complexes were increased in water. Especially, the solubility and dissolution rate of TMP was found to be markedly increased by inclusion complexation with CDPS. In stability test, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ inclusion complexes were more or less stable than TMP alone. This tendency was not led in CDPS. Consequently, CDPS was useful in increasing dissolution rate and stability of TMP.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1072-1087
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• 2008

A mixed volume and boundary integral equation method (Mixed VIEM-BIEM) is used to calculate the plane elastostatic field in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing an isotropic or anisotropic inclusion and a void subject to remote loading parallel to the traction-free boundary. A detailed analysis of stress field at the interface between the isotropic matrix and the isotropic or orthotropic inclusion is carried out for different values of the distance between the center of the inclusion and the traction-free surface boundary in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing three different geometries of an isotropic or orthotropic inclusion and a void. The method is shown to be very accurate and effective for investigating the local stresses in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing multiple isotropic or anisotropic inclusions and multiple voids.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2020

As an effort to achieve sustainable development and increase people's welfare, financial inclusion has become the policy agenda of many countries. Therefore, the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth, poverty, income inequality, and financial stability in several countries in Asia has become the goal and this is the subject of this study. Financial inclusion is measured by 3 dimensions, namely banking penetration, access to banking services, and use of banking services. Poverty ratio below the national poverty line and the Gini coefficient are used as indicators of poverty and income inequality. Financial stability is measured by Bank Z-Score and bank nonperforming loans. The results from the hypothesis test shows that all dimensions of financial stability simultaneously have significant influence on economic growth, poverty, income inequality, and financial stability. On the other hand, the partial impact of financial inclusion dimension on economic growth, poverty alleviation, income inequality, and financial stability in ten countries of Asia has not been optimal. The derived results of this study is required to be interpreted and considered by the Governments of each country in developing strategies for increasing financial inclusion, so that the policy to achieve sustainable development and enhancement of people's welfare can be achieved.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2021

This study investigates the empirical linkages between ASEAN countries' institutional quality and financial inclusion using country data from 2008-2019. In this paper, six governance indicators from the World Governance index are used to measure the impact of institutions on financial inclusion. The PCA method's financial inclusion index is constructed from 3 indicators: penetration, access, and usage: penetration, access, and usage with six indices respectively as the number of ATMs per 1000 km², the number of bank branches per 1000 km², the number of ATMs per 100,000 people and the number of bank branches for 100,000 adults, the ratio of credit to private to GDP, and the ratio of deposit to private to GDP. Regression analysis with the Generalized Moments method shows the positive impact of institutions and other control variables like GDP per capita, inflation, bank concentration, and human development index on financial inclusion. Therefore, this study recommends that the government and policymakers in countries pursue the financial inclusion agenda to pay attention to the financial and economic indicators and institutional factors. This is because many savers, borrowers, and investors may not be protected when financial contracts are enforced or breaches occur in an environment where economic, legal, judicial, and political institutions are weak, such as in ASEAN countries.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1975

The poxvirus group is considered to be a typical cytoplasmic inclusion forming virus. Every poxvirus has been reported to produce only one kind of inclusion in the infected tissues. A vague concept that inclusions of poxviruses are eosinophilic or acidophilic has prevailed. Although many papers and theories about the nature of the inclusion have been presented, most of them are not quite convincing on the point of the relations with virus multiplication, and an analysis of papers published showed that there seem to be many discrepancies in the descriptions of the nature of the poxvirus inclusions. Comparative studies on host-virus interaction with cowpox, orf, swinepox and fowlpox viruses which selected from each Group (I-IV) of poxviruses were performed from the morphological and virological standpoints. At first, in cowpox virus-FL cell system, as a comparative model, cytoplasmic inclusion, nucleic acid metabolism by autoradiography and detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence were studied and obtained the results as follows: 1. The focus-like cytopathic effect (CPE) at early stage developed to entire culture at terminal stage of infection, and also the developing status of CPE was correlated to viral doses for inoculation. Two kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions which named A and B type were easily observed by Giemsa, hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and May-Greenwald Giemsa (MGG) stainings in the infected cells. The B type inclusions were formed at early stage of infection and the A type inclusions were produced subsequently the B type formation. The B type which common type inclusion in poxviruses was a small compact or aggregate at early stage and developed to a large diffuse body at terminal stage of infection. On the other hand, the A type inclusion which depend upon the kind of virus was appeared as round and discrete shape, and its size and number was increased gradually during the culture period. It was characteristic to form distinct halos around the both types of inclusions in acid fixed, H & E stained preparations of infected cultures. The B type inclusion was always positive in Feulgen reaction and showed as DNA containing body but the A type inclusion was not. 2. In the relationship between inclusion and DNA metabolism of infected cells by the qualitative autoradiography using 3H-thymidine, the appearance of silver grains was coincided with B type inclusion but not with A type inclusion. This showed that the DNA synthesis was proceeded in all B type inclusions except those in the terminal stage with a diffuse form. This suggested that the B type inclusions are only sites of DNA synthesis and this was proceeded after the cell infection independently. The activity of DNA synthesis of the inclusions was nearly the same as that of the nucleic of normal cells and non-inclusion bearing cells. and non-inclusion bearing cells. Regardless of the size of the degree of DNA synthesis of the B type inclusion, inclusion bearing cells all showed remarkable suppression of nuclear DNA synthesis. 3. By the direct fluorescent antibody technique viral antigen in infected cells was detected. The B type inclusions have been proved to contain a great deal of viral antigen, whereas the basic substance of A type inclusion did not show antigenicity except the round edge. It was suggested that the round edge fluorescence might be caused by the glare of cytoplasmic viral antigen which pushed out and concentrated by the A type inclusion development. 4. Hemorrhagic red pock formations on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken egg had proved the characteristic of used viral strain. 5. By the above studies on the nature of two types of inclusions and the role they play in virus multiplication, it was concluded that the B type inclusion must be the site of the synthesis of viral DNA and protein as well as the site of the virus.