• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.241-248
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• 2003

In August 2002, side wall of OO tunnel, at the Bonghwa, Kungbuk province, Korea, was collapsed by abruptly applied heavy soil and water pressure to side wall from a inclined shaft when there was a heavy rain. These days, Inclined shaft is used for the purpose of reducing construction time, using ventilation system, using the out of carrying equipment and mucking when we construct tunnel in the world. Recently constructed tunnel has the source of inclined shafts, but the more time elapse, we lose the source of the inclined shaft such as exact position, condition, and the fact that whether inclined shaft is exist or not. Therefore, this study inspected the interior's appearance, analyzed structure to evaluate the reason of collapsing side wall and this study also performed the repairing work. Finally, we show improving maintenance method to prevent that similar accident that might be happened.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2019

In order to investigate Propeller Open Water (POW) characteristics for the high-speed propeller in Large Cavitation Tunnel (LCT), the high-capacity inclined-shaft dynamometer was designed and manufactured. Its measuring capacities of thrust and torque are ${\pm}2200N$ and ${\pm}120N-m$, respectively. The driving motor is directly connected to the propeller shaft. Inclined angle of the propeller shaft can be adjusted up to ${\pm}10^{\circ}$. As the pressure inside LCT can be adjusted in the range of 0.1~3.0bar, we can carry out the POW test at high Reynolds number (above $1.0{\times}10^6$) without propeller cavitation and the cavitation test in uniform flow. After the new dynamometer setup in LCT, the Reynolds number variation test and propeller open-water test were conducted at the inclined angle of $0^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. The present POW results of the new dynamometer are compared with those of the existing high-capacity dynamometer in LCT and of the dynamometer in the towing-tank. Through systematic model tests and comparison with their results, the performance of the new inclined-shaft dynamometer was verified. It is thought the POW test for the high-speed propeller should be better conducted at high Reynolds number.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2020

In this study, the effects of inclined shaft angle on the hydro-acoustic performance of cavitating marine propellers are investigated by a numerical method developed before and Brown's empirical formula. The cavitating blades are represented by source and vortex elements. The cavity characteristics of the blades such as cavitation form, cavity volume, cavity length etc., are computed at a given cavitation number and at a set advance coefficient. A lifting surface method is applied for these calculations. The numerical lifting surface method is validated with experimental results of DTMB 4119 model benchmark propeller. After calculation of hydrodynamic characteristics of the cavitating propeller, noise spectrum and overall sound pressure level (OASPL) are computed by Brown's equation. This empirical equation is also validated with another numerical results found in the literature. The effects of inclined shaft angle on thrust coefficient, torque coefficient, efficiency and OASPL values are examined by a parametric study. By modifying the inclination angles of propeller, the thrust, torque, efficiency and OASPL are computed and compared with each other. The influence of the inclined shaft angle on cavity patterns on the blades are also discussed.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-112
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• 1995

Drilled shafts are used increasingly as the foundations for many types of structures. However, very little knowledge of drilled shaft behavior under inclined load is available. In this study, a systematic experimental testing program was conducted to understand the undrained behavior of drilled shaft foundations under inclined loads. A semi-theoretical method of predicting the inclined capacity was developed through a parametric study of the variables such as shaft geometry and load inclination. Test parameters were chosen to be representative of those most frequently used in the electric utility industry. Short, rigid shafts with varying depth/diameter(D/B) ratios were addressed, and loading modes were investigated that includes exial uplift, inclined uplift, and inclined compression loads. Capacities were evaluated using the structural interaction formula and an equation developed from this experimental study. This new equation models the laboratory data well and is applicable for the limites field data.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.373-392
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• 2021

The present paper purposes a numerical evaluation of the Thai Long-Tail Boat propeller (TLTBP) performance by without and with propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) in full-scale operating straight shaft condition in the first. Next, those are applied to inclined shaft conditions. The actual TLTBP has defined an inclined shaft propeller including the high rotational speed, therefore vortex from the propeller boss and boss cap (hub vortex) have been generated very much. The PBCF designs are considered to weaken of vortex behind the propeller boss which makes the saving energy for the propulsion systems. The blade sections of PBCF developed from the original TLTBP blade shape. The integrative for the TLTBP and the PBCF is analyzed to increase the performance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The computational results of propeller performance are thoroughly compared between without and with PBCF. Moreover, the effects of each PBCF component are computed to influence the TLTBP performance. The fluid flows around the propeller blades, propeller boss, boss cap, and vortex have been investigated in terms of pressure distribution and wake-fields to verify the increasing efficiency of propulsion systems.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate experimentally the basic characteristics of the torque of the cutterbar driving shaft as the double-knife was used instead of the conventional standard single-knife type. A new design for inclined setting of the cutterbar relative to the direction perpendicular to combine harvester movement was investigated to test a possible reduction of concentrated load caused by the simultaneous cutting of many rows. It was evaluated that the maximum torque and mean total power of the driving shaft due to the cutting resistance of the rice straw were largely depended upon the rotational shaft-speed and straw feeding rate, but were resepectively 1.1~2.3 and 1.15~1.34 times higher compared to those while idling. It was also proved that the inclined setting of the cutterbar could save a considerable amount of energy required for its driving shaft.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 1998

Unsteady propeller blade forces arising from shaft inclination have been found to be an important contribution tn total blade forces. The position of the wake relative to a blade oscillates with the first blade frequency, thus giving rise to unsteady blade forces which is significant relative to the forces produced directly by flow inclination. In order to find a wake geometry due to shaft inclination, a non-axisymmetric wake model is developed and applied to a specific case, which has experimental values. Predicted cavity shapes and unsteady forces acting on the blades of an inclined shaft propeller are compared to those predicted by other numerical methods, as well as those measured in experiments.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2002

This paper presents the contact thermal behaviors of mechanical seals depending on the contacting face geometry. Using the finite element analysis, the temperature distribution, thermal distortion and leakage have been analyzed as functions of sealing gap and rotating speed of the seal ring shaft. The FE results indicate that the inclined contacting face may be more effective and stable based on the results of thermal characteristic analysis if the seal ring has been designed with a same thermal capacity between conventional rectangular sealing faces and inclined seating surface of seal rings.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2009

Ever increasing fuel prices, almost doubled in the last three years, and global pressure to reduce their environmental impact have been enforcing commercial vessel operators and designers to re-assess current vessel designs with emphasis on their propulsion systems and operational practices. In this paper the "Inclined Keel Hull (IKH)" concept, which facilitates to use larger propeller diameter in combination with lower shaft speed rates and hence better transport efficiency, is explored for a modern 3600 TEU container vessel with the aim of fitting an 13 % larger diameter propeller (and hence resulting 20% lower rpm) to gain further power saving over the similar size basis container ship with conventional "level keel" configuration. It appears that successful application of the "inclined keel Hull" concept is a fine balance amongst the maximum gain in propulsive efficiency, minimum increase in hull resistance and satisfaction of other naval architectural and operational requirements. In order to make the concept economically more viable, this paper concentrates on the fore body design with the possible combination of increase of volume in its fore body to recover the expected volume loss in the aft body due to the space for larger propeller and its low wave-making resistance to minimize the efficiency loss using a well-established optimization software.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.431-450
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• 2011

When a circular vertical shaft is constructed below the groundwater level, additional forces caused by groundwater flow besides horizontal effective stresses will act on the wall. The inward direction of the groundwater flow will be inclined to the vertical wall and its direction will change depending on the wall depth. In this paper, to figure out the effect of seepage forces acting on the circular vertical shaft, the slope of the inclined flow varying with the depth is divided into vertical and horizontal components to derive the coefficient of earth pressure considering the seepage pressure and to obtain the vertical stress by taking the seepage pressure into account. The control volume in this study is assumed to be the same with that of the dry ground condition within which the earth pressure is acting on the wall by the creation of the plastic zone during shaft excavation. An example study shows that the vertical stress increases by about 1.4 times and the horizontal earth pressure increases up to 2.5 times compared to the dry ground condition. The estimated values from the proposed equation considering seepage forces and the calculated values from numerical analysis with "effective stress plus seepage force" show similar values, which verifies appropriateness of the proposed equation to estimate the earth pressure under the seepage condition.