• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

Numerical analyses have been carried out to analyze the three-dimensional turbulent heat transfer by impingement jet on a concave surface with variation of geometric configurations. Three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-stokes equations have been calculated using the shear stress transport turbulent model. The numerical results for heat transfer rate were validated in comparison with the experimental data. The distance between jet nozzles and angle of inclined jet nozzle were selected as the geometric variables. Area-averaged Nusselt numbers on concave surface are evaluated to find the characteristics of heat transfer with the two geometric variables. The heat transfer increases as the distance between jet nozzles increases, and the inclined impinging jets show much better heat transfer performance than the vertical impinging jet.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.2292-2306
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• 2024

This study addresses cracks and fracture problems in engineering structures that may cause significant challenges and safety concerns, with a focus on pressure vessels in nuclear power plants. Comprehensive parametric three-dimensional mixed mode fracture analyses for inclined and deflected nozzle corner cracks with various crack shape aspect ratios and depth ratios in nuclear reactor pressure vessels are carried out. Stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions are obtained using FRAC3D, which is part of Fracture and Crack Propagation Analysis System (FCPAS), employing enriched finite elements along the crack front. Also, improved empirical equations are developed to allow the determination of mixed mode SIFs, K_I, K_II, and K_III, for any values of the parameters considered in the study. This study provides practical solutions to assess the remaining life and fail-safe conditions of nuclear reactors by providing accurate SIF determination.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.576-581
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• 2001

When a liquid is supplied through a nozzle onto a relatively nonwetting inclined solid surface, a narrow rivulet forms. This work provides novel physical insights into the following phenomena in the rivulet flow that have not been well understood to date. Firstly, the fundamental mechanism behind the transition of a linear rivulet to a droplet flow is investigated. The experiments show that the droplet flow emerges due to the necking of a liquid thread near the nozzle. Based on the observation, it is argued that when the retraction velocity of a liquid thread exceeds its axial velocity, the bifurcation of the liquid thread occurs, and this argument is experimentally verified. Secondly, a discussion on the curved motion of a meandering rivulet is given. This study proposes the contact angle hysteresis as a primary origin of the centripetal force that enables the rivulet's curved motion A simple scaling analysis based on this assumption predicts a radius of curvature which agrees with the experimental observation.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1042-1048
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• 2001

When a liquid is supplied through a nozzle onto a relatively non-wetting inclined solid surface, a narrow rivulet forms. This work provides novel physical insights into the following phenomena in the rivulet flow that have not been well understood to date. Firstly, the fundamental mechanism behind the transition of a linear rivulet to a droplet flow is investigated. The experiments show that the droplet flow emerges due to the necking of a liquid thread near the nozzle. Based on the observation, it is argued that when the axial velocity of a liquid is slower than the retraction velocity of its thread, the bifurcation of the liquid thread occurs, and this argument is experimentally verified. Secondly, a discussion on the curled motion of a meandering rivulet is given. This study proposes the contact angle hysteresis as a primary origin of the centripetal force that enables the rivulet\`s curved motion. A simple scaling analysis based on this assumption predicts a radius of curvature which agrees with the experimental observation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.656-662
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• 2006

The effects of concave hemispherical surface with inclined angle on the local heat transfer from a turbulent round jet impinging were experimentally investigated using transient liquid crystal method. This method suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet and then the video system records the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds numbers were used 11000, 23000 and 50000, nozzle-to-surface distance ratio from 2 to 10 and the surface angles $\alpha=0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}\;and\;40^{\circ}$. Correlations of the stagnation point Nusselt number according to Reynolds number, jet-to-surface distance ratio and dimensionless surface angle are investigated. In the stagnation point, in term of $Re^n$, n ranges from 0.43 in case of $2{\leq}L/d\leq6$ to 0.45 in case of $6. The maximum Nusselt number occurs in the direction of upstream. The displacement of the maximum Nusselt number from the stagnation point increases with increasing surface angle or decreasing nozzle-to-surface distance. The maximum displacement is about 0.7 times of the jet nozzle diameter.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.52-66
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• 1998

An experimental study on the flow characteristics was performed for a two-dimensional turbulent wall attaching offset jet at different oblique angles to a surface. The flow characteristics were investigated by using a split film probe with the modified Stock's calibration method. The jet mean velocity, turbulent intensity, wall static pressure coefficient profiles, and time-averaged reattachment point were measured at the Reynolds number Re (based on the nozzle width, D) ranging from 17700 to 53200, the offset ratio H/D from 2.5 to 10, and the inclined angle .alpha. from 0.deg. C to 40.deg. C. The Correlations between the maximum pressure position, minimum pressure position, and reattachment point and offset ratios, and inclined angles are presented.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1231-1239
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• 2008

The characteristics of flow on unventilated dual jets was experimentally investigated. The two nozzles each with an aspect ratio of 20 were separated by 6 nozzle widths. Reynolds number based on nozzle width was set to 5,000 by nozzle exit velocity. All measurements were made over a range of nozzle-to-nozzle angles from $0^{\circ}$ to $25^{\circ}$. The particle image velocimetry and pressure transducer were employed to measure turbulent velocity components and mean static pressure, respectively. It was shown that a recirculation zone with sub-atmospheric static pressure was bounded by the inner shear layers of the individual jets and the nozzles plated. As nozzle-to-nozzle inclined angles were decreased, it was found that the spanwise turbulent intensity is greater than the streamwise turbulent intensity in the merging region. In the combined region, the velocity of dual jets agree well with that of single jet, but the turbulence intensity of dual jets not agree with that of single jet.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2011

연소과정 중에 발생하는 질소산화물을 저감하는 기술인 MILD 연소에 대하여 연료노즐과 공기노즐의 위치와 공기유량을 변화하면서 나타나는 연소특성을 수치해석을 통하여 연구하였다. 본 연구의 MILD 연소로는 연료노즐과 공기 노즐 사이에 연소배기가스의 배출구가 있는 연소로를 이용하였다. 공기노즐은 8개, 연료노즐은 4개를 사용하였다. 연료노즐이 연소로 중앙 부근에 위치한 연소로의 경우에 공기유량이 적을 때는 연소반응대가 연료노즐에서부터 연소로 벽면으로 치우치게 되지만 공기유량이 커지면 연소반응대가 연료노즐 측에서 시작하여 연료노즐 상부로 형성된다. 공기노즐이 연소로 중앙부분에 위치한 경우에 공기유량이 적을 때는 연소반응대가 공기노즐 부근에서 시작하여 연소로 벽면으로 치우치지만 공기유량이 증가하면 연소반응대가 연료노즐 측으로 옮겨가게 된다. 두 가지 경우 모두 공기유량이 증가하면 연소반응대에서 최대온도가 증가하고 따라서 배기가스에서의 NOx 농도가 증가한다. 두 가지 노즐 위치에서의 NOx 생성을 비교해 보면 공기노즐이 연소로 중앙에 위치한 경우가 연료노즐이 연소로 중앙에 위치한 경우보다 NOx 농도가 현저히 적음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 NOx 저감과 연료의 미연가스 배출을 감안할 때 공기노즐이 연소로 중앙에 위치하고 이론공기량에 해당하는 공기량을 분출할 때 NOx 생성에 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 PARALLEL CFD 2006
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• pp.395-397
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• 2006

Air interlacing serves to protect the yarn against damage, strengthens inter-filament compactness or cohesion, and ensures fabric consistency. The air interlacing nozzle is used to introduce intermittent nips to a filament yarn so as to improve its performance in textile processing. The effect of various interlacing nozzle geometries on the interlacing process was studied. The geometries of interlacing nozzles with single or multiple air inlets located across the width of yarn channels are investigated. The basis case is the yarn channel, with a perpendicular main air inlet in the middle. Other cases have main air inlets, slightly inclined double sub air inlets, The yarn channel cross sectional shapes are either semicircular or rectangular shapes. The compressed impinging jet from the main air inlet hole hits the opposing bottom wall of the yarn channel, is divided into two branches, joins with the compressed air coming out from sub air inlet at the bottom and creates two free jets at both ends of the yarn channel. The compressed air movement in the cross-section consists of two opposing directional vortices. The CFD-FASTRAN flow parallel solver was used to perform steady simulations of impinging jet flow inside of the interlace nozzles. The vortical structure and the flow pattern such as pressure contour, particle traces, velocity vector plots inside of interlace nozzle geometry are discussed in this pater.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1999

경사면에 충돌된 제트의 유동은 주제트(major jet)와 부제트(minor jet)로 나뉘어지게 되고 이로 인해 경사면 양쪽 영역에서의 유동 및 열전달 특성이 상이하게 된다. 또한 분사된 제트는 코안다 효과 (Coanda effect)로 인하여 경사면 위쪽으로 편향이 되어 충돌하게 된다. 이 결과 부제트영역에서 높은 난류 강도와 운동량를 얻을 수 있고, 국소 열전달계수를 상당히 높일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 경사면의 각도와 분사속도를 변화시켰을 때 제트의 유동특성 변화 및 충돌면에서의 열전달 특성을 실험적으로 고찰하였다.