• Title/Summary/Keyword: Incentive Model

Search Result 206, Processing Time 0.022 seconds

Sam Sang Rural Community Development Model of Lao PDR in Approach to Successful Implementation - Lessons from Korea's Saemual Undong - (라오스 삼상농촌개발모델의 성공적 추진 - 한국 새마을운동의 교훈 -)

  • Vongxay, Vongsakda;Yi, Yangsoo
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.143-154
    • /
    • 2017
  • Saemaul Undong (SM U) initiated in Korea in the 1970's is widely acknowledged as a successful model for rural community development, despite its limitations. This paper investigates the success factors of the SMU model and the lessons thereof for Sam Sang Model of Lao PDR, which appears ineffective over the years. Results show that land reforms, social ties among villages, strong institutional support and leadership and incentive system as well as "top-down" and "bottom-up" development approaches are among the factors that significantly contributed to the success of the SMU. However, rural development program would not be effective if residents are unwilling to participate. Therefore, to successfully achieve rural community development in Lao PDR, the government should through the Sam Sang model employ top-down and bottom-up approaches to enhance local participation and address the exact needs of the local people.

Part-time Work in Netherlands: Facts and Policies (네델란드에서의 파트타임근로의 현황과 정책)

  • Cheon, Byung-You
    • Korean Journal of Labor Studies
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.269-295
    • /
    • 2011
  • This paper is about the part-time work and related polices in Netherland, which increased the employment rate for the past 30 years with part-time job creation. Netherland has been successful in making part-time 'good' jobs. There were many factors which contributed to increaing part-time jobs such as market, institution, policies, and industrial relations. There was virtuous cycle between increase in the supply of female labor power and increase in the demand for part-time worker in the labor market. The policies were reinforced which protect part-time workers, introduced the incentive system which was favorable to part-time wokres, guaranteed the right to select working hours to workers. Particularly, the labor market, institutions and policies were created in the midst of the social dialogue. As the polder model has been persisted for almost 30 years, the switch to full-time work or long working-hour model would not be possible. As the poler model is a very specific model based on the Netherland's own social conditions, it is not easy to copy and transplant in other countries.

A Study on improving the competitiveness of agri-food export sector in Korea - with Porter's Diamond Model - (우리나라 농식품 수출부문의 경쟁력 향상방안 연구 - 포터의 다이아몬드 모델을 중심으로 -)

  • Cho, Sung-Je;Park, Hyun-Hee
    • International Commerce and Information Review
    • /
    • v.13 no.3
    • /
    • pp.249-274
    • /
    • 2011
  • This paper examines agri-food export competitiveness among 4 countries(Korea, USA, Japan, China) based on Porter's Diamond model approach. Korea agri-food competitiveness index is much less than those of other countries. Korea is the lowest ranked among the 4 countries in terms of three determinants(except 1 factor, related and supporting industries) of Porter's Diamond Model: Factor condition, demand condition, firm strategy, structure and rivalry. Korea is assumed to have weak point in the factor condition, demand condition because of low capital and land as well as insufficient investment on the agri-food sector. on the other hand, it seems to have strong factor in consumer condition(demand condition). This paper suggest the following strategies to reinforced the agri-food export sector in Korea. 1) an incentive system for seed development and capital investment, 2) a cluster strategy between agriculture and related industry.

  • PDF

Study on Optimal Real Time Pricing Model for Smart Grid in a Power Retailer Market (스마트 그리드 환경의 전력소매시장을 위한 최적의 실시간 가격결정 모형에 대한 연구)

  • Moon, Joon-Yung;Shin, Ki-Tae;Park, Jin-Woo
    • The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.105-114
    • /
    • 2012
  • Recently, global warming, energy shortage, and environmental disruption have been serious problems in every nation. It became more and more important to reduce the emission of CO2 and to use of energy efficiently. Smart grid was also introduced using the rapidly developing information technology. It deployed the mutual communication concept between customers and the suppliers in the electricity supply. There were increasing demands to adopt the smart meter and to present incentive for efficient energy usage in many developed countries. The objective of this research was to develop the optimal real time pricing model which maximized the profit of the power retailer and reduced the usage of energy. The simulation study was given to show the usefulness of the model. Simulation considered the customer demand response rate and price elasticity rate. The price elasticity rate was compared in the condition of fixed value according to time and variable value according to the customers. The optimal price model could maximize the profit of the power retailer and reduce the energy usage of the consumers.

Food Distribution System in Vietnam: Nash Equilibrium and Channel Choice of Small Scale Farmers

  • NGO, Chi Thanh
    • Journal of Distribution Science
    • /
    • v.19 no.1
    • /
    • pp.61-73
    • /
    • 2021
  • Purpose: The transition from a traditional to a modern food distribution system induces several adjustments on the supply side since supermarkets must collect food on a larger scale and with higher quality standards. This situation becomes a real challenge for small scale farmers to access supply in a modern distribution channel. This gives rise to an original solution: supplying supermarkets through farmer associations or cooperatives. Based on this context of Vietnam linking to the case of distribution science, the paper proposes an industrial organization model of the food processing system in developing countries. The model presents the competitive relationship between two competing distribution systems: a traditional and a modern one. The former is composed of several retailers that sell their products on the traditional market while the latter is based on cooperatives that collect food and negotiate with supermarkets. The current study is to discuss the conditions under which the evolution of the food distribution system occurs by using the proposed model. Research design, data, and methodology: Based on the proposed model, the study explored the quantity flow from small producers to consumers through a Nash equilibrium and address the question of farmer repartition by a free-entry equilibrium. Results: The result shows that there is a unique positive equilibrium in the food market with participation of cooperative associations; Since farmers serve cooperative associations, they not only receive quantity incentive prices but also share profits within their organization. Conclusions: This study shows a unique distribution equilibrium where the profits of farmers working for middlemen and cooperatives are maximized. Further insights were discussed.

Dynamic Analysis of the Effect of Network Externality in Vertically Differentiated Market (수직적으로 차별화된 시장 하에서 망외부성이 미치는 영향에 대한 동태적 분석)

  • Cho, Hyung-Rae;Rhee, Minho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
    • /
    • v.42 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-8
    • /
    • 2019
  • Network externalities are essentially dynamic in that the value consumers feel about a product is affected by the size of the existing customer base that uses that product. However, existing studies on network externalities analyzed the effects of network externalities in a static way, not dynamic. In this study, unlike previous studies, the impact of network externalities on price competition in a vertically differentiated market is dynamically analyzed. To this end, a two-period duopoly game model was used to reflect the dynamic aspects of network externalities. Based on the game model, the Nash equilibria for price, sales volume, and revenue were derived and numerically analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows. First, if high-end product has strong market power, the high-end product vendor takes almost all benefits of the network externality. Second, when high-end product has strong market power, the low-end product will take over most of the initial sales volume increase. Third, when market power of high-end product is not strong, it can be seen that the effects of network externalities on the high and low-end products are generally proportional to the difference in quality. Lastly, if there exists a strong network externality, it is shown that the presence of low-end product can be more profitable for high-end product vendor. In other words, high-end product vendor has incentive to disclose some technologies for the market entrance of low-end product, even if it has exclusive rights to the technologies. In that case, however, it is shown that the difference in quality should be maintained significantly.

Prediction of the Electric Vehicles Supply and Electricity Demand Using Growth Models (성장모형을 활용한 전기자동차 보급과 전력수요 예측)

  • Hyo Seung Han;Ilsoo Yun
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
    • /
    • v.22 no.4
    • /
    • pp.132-144
    • /
    • 2023
  • European and American countries are actively promoting eco-friendly cars to reduce exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines. In Korea, the "4th Basic Plan for Eco-Friendly Vehicles" aims to promote eco-friendly cars by improving charging infrastructure, expanding incentive systems, and targeting the supply of 1.13 million eco-friendly cars by 2025. As rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles sold is expected, estimates are required of this growth and corresponding power demands. In this study, the authors used a growth model to predict future growth in the electric vehicle market and a previously derived electricity generation model to estimate corresponding power demands up to 2036, the target year of the "10th Basic Plan for Power Supply and Demand". The results obtained provide useful basic research data for future electric vehicle infrastructure planning.

An Empirical Study on Statistical Optimization Model for the Portfolio Construction of Sponsored Search Advertising(SSA) (키워드검색광고 포트폴리오 구성을 위한 통계적 최적화 모델에 대한 실증분석)

  • Yang, Hognkyu;Hong, Juneseok;Kim, Wooju
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.167-194
    • /
    • 2019
  • This research starts from the four basic concepts of incentive incompatibility, limited information, myopia and decision variable which are confronted when making decisions in keyword bidding. In order to make these concept concrete, four framework approaches are designed as follows; Strategic approach for the incentive incompatibility, Statistical approach for the limited information, Alternative optimization for myopia, and New model approach for decision variable. The purpose of this research is to propose the statistical optimization model in constructing the portfolio of Sponsored Search Advertising (SSA) in the Sponsor's perspective through empirical tests which can be used in portfolio decision making. Previous research up to date formulates the CTR estimation model using CPC, Rank, Impression, CVR, etc., individually or collectively as the independent variables. However, many of the variables are not controllable in keyword bidding. Only CPC and Rank can be used as decision variables in the bidding system. Classical SSA model is designed on the basic assumption that the CPC is the decision variable and CTR is the response variable. However, this classical model has so many huddles in the estimation of CTR. The main problem is the uncertainty between CPC and Rank. In keyword bid, CPC is continuously fluctuating even at the same Rank. This uncertainty usually raises questions about the credibility of CTR, along with the practical management problems. Sponsors make decisions in keyword bids under the limited information, and the strategic portfolio approach based on statistical models is necessary. In order to solve the problem in Classical SSA model, the New SSA model frame is designed on the basic assumption that Rank is the decision variable. Rank is proposed as the best decision variable in predicting the CTR in many papers. Further, most of the search engine platforms provide the options and algorithms to make it possible to bid with Rank. Sponsors can participate in the keyword bidding with Rank. Therefore, this paper tries to test the validity of this new SSA model and the applicability to construct the optimal portfolio in keyword bidding. Research process is as follows; In order to perform the optimization analysis in constructing the keyword portfolio under the New SSA model, this study proposes the criteria for categorizing the keywords, selects the representing keywords for each category, shows the non-linearity relationship, screens the scenarios for CTR and CPC estimation, selects the best fit model through Goodness-of-Fit (GOF) test, formulates the optimization models, confirms the Spillover effects, and suggests the modified optimization model reflecting Spillover and some strategic recommendations. Tests of Optimization models using these CTR/CPC estimation models are empirically performed with the objective functions of (1) maximizing CTR (CTR optimization model) and of (2) maximizing expected profit reflecting CVR (namely, CVR optimization model). Both of the CTR and CVR optimization test result show that the suggested SSA model confirms the significant improvements and this model is valid in constructing the keyword portfolio using the CTR/CPC estimation models suggested in this study. However, one critical problem is found in the CVR optimization model. Important keywords are excluded from the keyword portfolio due to the myopia of the immediate low profit at present. In order to solve this problem, Markov Chain analysis is carried out and the concept of Core Transit Keyword (CTK) and Expected Opportunity Profit (EOP) are introduced. The Revised CVR Optimization model is proposed and is tested and shows validity in constructing the portfolio. Strategic guidelines and insights are as follows; Brand keywords are usually dominant in almost every aspects of CTR, CVR, the expected profit, etc. Now, it is found that the Generic keywords are the CTK and have the spillover potentials which might increase consumers awareness and lead them to Brand keyword. That's why the Generic keyword should be focused in the keyword bidding. The contribution of the thesis is to propose the novel SSA model based on Rank as decision variable, to propose to manage the keyword portfolio by categories according to the characteristics of keywords, to propose the statistical modelling and managing based on the Rank in constructing the keyword portfolio, and to perform empirical tests and propose a new strategic guidelines to focus on the CTK and to propose the modified CVR optimization objective function reflecting the spillover effect in stead of the previous expected profit models.

Effects on Long-Term Care Hospital Staff Mixing Level after Implementing Differentiated Inpatient Nursing Fees by Staffing Grades (간호등급제가 요양병원의 간호인력 확보수준에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Donghwan;Lee, Hanju
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.95-105
    • /
    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine trends in number of nursing staff and skill mix. Methods: Nursing staff and skill mix were measured using the number of nursing staff including nurse aids and registered nurses per bed. Descriptive and panel data regression analyses were conducted using data on long-term care hospitals which included yearly series data from 2006 to 2010 for 119 hospitals. Results: The number of nursing staff per bed increased significantly but percentage of registered nurses decreased significantly from 2007 to 2010. The regression model explained this variation as much as 34.9% and 43.8%. Conclusion: The results showed that in long-term care hospitals there were more nurse aids employed instead of registered nurses after the implemention of differentiated inpatient nursing fees. Thus clarifying the job descriptions for nurses and nurse aids is needed and appropriate hospital incentive policies should be implemented.

Modeling and Stimulating Node Cooperation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

  • Arghavani, Abbas;Arghavani, Mahdi;Sargazi, Abolfazl;Ahmadi, Mahmood
    • ETRI Journal
    • /
    • v.37 no.1
    • /
    • pp.77-87
    • /
    • 2015
  • In wireless networks, cooperation is necessary for many protocols, such as routing, clock synchronization, and security. It is known that cooperator nodes suffer greatly from problems such as increasing energy consumption. Therefore, rational nodes have no incentive to cooperatively forward traffic for others. A rational node is different from a malicious node. It is a node that makes the best decision in each state (cooperate or non-cooperate). In this paper, game theory is used to analyze the cooperation between nodes. An evolutionary game has been investigated using two nodes, and their strategies have been compared to find the best one. Subsequently, two approaches, one based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and the other on learning automata (LA), are presented to incite nodes for cooperating in a noisy environment. As you will see later, the GA strategy is able to disable the effect of noise by using a big enough chromosome; however, it cannot persuade nodes to cooperate in a noisefree environment. Unlike the GA strategy, the LA strategy shows good results in a noise-free environment because it has good agreement in cooperation-based strategies in both types of environment (noise-free and noisy).