• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.451-457
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• 2010

The porcine MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex), encoding the SLA (Swine Leukocyte Antigen) genes, is one of the most significant regions associated with immune rejection in relation to transplantation. In this study, three SLA class I (SLA-1, SLA-3, SLA-2) loci and three SLA class II (DRB1, DQB1, DQA) loci were investigated in the previously unidentified Korean native pig (KNP) population that was closely inbred in the Livestock Technology Research Station in Cheongyang, Korea. Total thirteen KNPs from four generations were genotyped for the SLA alleles and haplotypes were investigated using PCR-SSP (Sequence-Specific Primer) method. The results showed that all of these KNPs had Lr-56.30/56.30 homozygous haplotype, indicating high level of inbreeding in the SLA genes. The inbreeding status of these animals was also investigated using microsatellite (MS) markers. From the 50 MS markers investigated, 17 MS markers were fixed in all generations and the fixed alleles are increased as 26 loci for the fourth generation. Two MS markers, S0069 and SW173, were heterozygous for all the animals tested. Observed and expected heterozygosities were calculated and the average inbreeding coefficients for each generation were also calculated. In the fourth generation, the average inbreeding coefficients was 0.732 and this may increase with further inbreeding process. Analysis of the SLA haplotypes and MS alleles can give important information for breeding the pigs for xenotransplantation studies.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to estimate the inbreeding level and effective population size of Korean indigenous chickens. In the study, two variables were considered to evaluate the pedigree completeness: (1) the proportion (%) of animals with complete pedigree, and (2) the proportion of animals with inbreeding coefficients greater than zero. In the proportion of animals having complete pedigree, all strains reached almost 100% completeness in 1~2 years. In the proportion of animals with inbreeding coefficients greater than zero, all strains reached almost 100% completeness in 5~6 years. We considered that the pedigree recoding system is well managed and that the inbreeding coefficient is a reliable measure. Over the past 20 years, the increase of inbreeding coefficients in Korean indigenous chicken strains has been 7.6~10.9%. The S strain showed the most rapid increase of inbreeding coefficient of 8.2% in 10 years. The reason for this rapid increase is considered to be associated with the fact that the numbers of sires and dams involved in reproduction was 115 and 91, respectively, which are lower than those of the other strains. According to average rates of increase in inbreeding coefficients (${\Delta}F$), all strains have ${\Delta}F$ values of 0.39~0.85%, which is lower than 1%, and the effective population size is above 50. The results showed that inbreeding levels were within the acceptable range and that Korean indigenous chicken population scan be regarded as safe from the threat of extinction.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.367-371
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• 2013

This study was carried out to estimate the average inbreeding coefficients and effective population size (EPS) and to seek alternatives on the problems of Holstein cattle in Korea. The data used in this study was obtained from the Korean Animal Improvement Association (KAIA) and 635,268 heads of Holstein records out of 1,872,195 Holstein registration data were used for the analysis. The average inbreeding coefficients were estimated at a range of 0.11 to 1.07%. The average inbreeding coefficients at the $14^{th}$, $19^{th}$ and $22^{nd}$ generation were estimated at 0.43%, 0.92% and 1.07%, respectively. The estimated inbreeding coefficients within the range of 0%, 0 to 6.25%, 6.25 to 12.5%, 12.5 to 25%, and >25% were observed in 50.5%, 48.3%, 0.8%, 0.1%, and 0.3% of the animals, respectively. The estimated effective population size (EPS) was 619 heads from the $8^{th}$ to $22^{nd}$ generation, and 922 heads from the $19^{th}$ to $22^{nd}$ generation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.767-771
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• 2002

Breeding efficiencies were compared among three population schemes: a single population, a population with two subpopulations and a population with three sub-populations. A simulation experiment of selection was carried out for 10 generations with 20 replications each by comparing average breeding values and inbreeding coefficients among the three population schemes. Phenotypes of three traits were generated with a model comprising 36 loci, each with additive genetic effects and residuals distributed normally. Among the three population schemes, the single population scheme was definitely superior to the other two with regards to selection response and inbreeding. The multiple sub-population scheme was, however, considered to be an alternative population scheme when the difference in economic weights of the traits was small among the sub-populations, assuming moderate inbreeding depression for traits and crossbreeding. The scheme with two sub-populations had a higher genetic value than that with three subpopulations; however, the genetic values of the schemes were comparable when maternal heterosis was taken into account. The choice of population schemes may depend on the cost-sharing policy between the breeding population and the commercial population rather than just the breeding efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2015

The data of Duroc swine species that were born from 2000 to 2014 excluding missing ones collected by Korea National Institute of Animal Science were used in the present study. After removing missing data we used 9756 of productions data and 1728 of reproductive reference of breeding research to study the level of inbreeding and to investigate the impact on the reproductive traits, production traits. The correlation of reproductive traits and inbreeding coefficient are -0.07, -0.08 for total number pigs born, number of pigs born alive respectively and birth weight per litter is -0.10, number of pigs born alive per litter to 21days is -0.06 and body weight per litter to 21days is -0.09. The correlation coefficients of the inbreeding coefficients of reproductive traits are shown within 10% with negative correlation (P < 0.05). Days of 90kg and Backfat in the correlation coefficient and inbreeding coefficient production traits were not observed significant correlations, Average daily gain was investigated by the positive correlation of 0.05. According to the above results, the inbreeding level gave a negative effect on the improvement of the breed traits, investigating a relatively high compared to a negative effect on other traits. But overall correlation degree is less than 10% was observed. This inbreeding coefficient has not been clearly observed due to degeneration of the average inbreeding coefficients of these generations was maintained within 10% of the population. The scale of the experimental group was about 150 degree pig husbandry is very small compared to the advanced countries. However, the level of inbreeding in the population group with the appropriate mating combinations is maintained below 10% of population is thought to be small and can minimize the effects of inbreeding degeneration. further testing utilizing this selection is constantly considered to be necessary.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.422-427
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• 1997

Breeding efficiency was investigated to reveal crucial factors for constructing effective breeding system with subdivided populations under equal genetic level. Simulation study of selection experiment was performed for 20 generations with 20 replications each, comparing average breeding values and inbreeding coefficients between the two breeding systems; single population scheme and two population scheme, each of which had the same genetic parameters. Genetic correlations (-0.5 to 0.5) were assumed to be caused only by pleiotropic effect of a gene. Phenotypes of the two traits generated by polygenic effect with additive 36 loci and residuals distributed normally were selected by two traits selection index procedure. Comparing between the single population scheme and the two population scheme, the single population scheme showed higher genetic gain with lower inbreeding coefficient. This result was confirmed particularly for the situation of high selection intensity, high heritability and high degree of unevenness for economic weight. Genetic correlations in the single population scheme were significantly lower than the two population scheme when initial genetic correlation was negative. When terminal crossbreeding for the two population scheme is taken into account, superiority of the two population scheme was suggested. The terminal crossbreeding was effective under the situation of long term selection, existence of moderate inbreeding depression and use of less extreme economic weight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 1983

To obtain basic information on the Korean local com lines a total of 57 lines were selected from 1,000 Korean local collection at Chungnam National University, and classified by principal component analysis, and genetic nature was investigated. There were a great variation in mean values of plant characters of the lines. The mean values of plant characters except for density of kernels varied with types of crossing. All characters except for tasselling dates were reduced in magnitude when selfed, while those characters were increased when topcrossed. The inbreeding depression varied with plant characters and lines. The characters such as yield, kernel weight per ear, ear weight and plant height showed great degree of inbreeding depression. Group I showed high inbreeding depression in such characters as 100 kernel weight, leaf number, plant height and days to tasselling, while group II showed high inbreeding depression in other plant characters. Heterosis of plant characters varied also with lines. The ear weight, kernel weight per ear, yield, 100 kernel weight, and plant height were some of the plant characters showing high heterosis. Group II showed high values of heterosis in such characters as ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, kernel weight per ear, 100 kernel weight and leaf length, while group I was high in heterosis in other plant characters. The degree of homozygosity was highest in ear weight (79.1%) and lowest in ear number per plant (-2.1%). Group II showed higher degree of homozygosity than group I. Correlation coefficients between characters of sibbed and topcrossed lines were positive for all characters. Highly significant correlation coefficients between sibbed and topcrossed lines were obtained especially for characters such as ear number per plant, plant height, leaf length and yield per plot.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.507-518
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• 2002

A multiple-trait stochastic computer simulation model was constructed to predict the breeding schemes and selection methods on Hanwoo(Korean cattle). The model could be used four kinds of selection criteria (random, phenotype and true or estimated breeding values). At the test run in various population size for 20 years, all estimated parameters of the each simulated populations were resulted similar to input parameters. The deviations between input and output values of parameter in the large population were smaller than in the small population. The simulated results obtained from ten small populations consisted with one sire and ten dams in each population for 500 years were as follows; Inbreeding coefficients of population were similar to theoretical estimating function. Mean values of each traits selected were randomly drifted by generation, but they were converged into a value when inbreeding coefficients came close to one. Additive genetic variances within each population were reduced by generation, and they were converged into zero when inbreeding coefficients came close to one. These results indicated that the simulated populations hold to statistical properties of input parameters.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.255-268
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the time-trends of genetic parameters of the dosed flock population which selected for improving egg production. Data for two layer pure lines, Line-W (Single Comb White Leghorn) and Line-B (brown layer) which have been maintained at the Mani Breeding Farm were collected from 1980 to 1985 during 5 generations. The effective number of parents per generation ranged from 148 to 366 in Line-W and 85 to 355 in Line-B, and the cumulative expected inbreeding coefficients during 5 generations of selection were 15％ and 1.6％. So inbreeding could not be considered a critical factor on estimating the genetic parameters, heritabilities and genetic correlations Heritabilities of EN 300 and EN 400, primary two selected traits were significantly decreased during 5 generations but the estimates of the other 03its not showed the consistent decreasing pattern significantly. No time trends of probable consequence were evident in the genetic correlation coefficients of the traits studied. The reason for that situation was attributed to the fact that selection was conducted for multiple objectives and the relative importance of selection for the studied traits were not consistent by generations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 1997

The effect of genetic diversity in sub-populations on breeding efficiency was examined with prospect of potential crossbreeding. Simulation study of selection was performed for 20 generations with 20 replications each, comparing average breeding values and inbreeding coefficients between the two breeding systemes; single population scheme and two population scheme. The different genetic levels were assumed to be caused by different gene frequencies. Phenotypes of two traits generated polygenic effect with additive 36 loci and residuals distributed normally were selected by selection index procedure. High genetic gain with less inbreeding was clearly recognized in the single population scheme, independently of difference in genetic level, economic weight and genetic correlation. Genetic correlation after selection in the single population scheme was lower than the two population scheme. When crossbreeding between the sub-population was taken into account, superiority of the two population scheme was suggested under those restrictions; difference in genetic level is moderate, selection criterion for the two traits is not far from even economic weight, and genetic correlation is positive with low to moderate value. The use of complementarity increased the possibility of the two population scheme.